Wikipedia

British Rail Class 331

This article is about the CAF electric multiple unit for Northern Trains. For the previous units planned to have this designation, seeBritish Rail Class 332.

TheBritish Rail Class 331Civity[8]is a class ofelectric multiple unitbuilt byCAF,owned byEversholt Rail Group,and currently operated byNorthern Trains.A total of 43 units have been built – 31 three-car units and 12 four-car units. Construction of the trains started in July 2017 and they were phased into service from 1 July 2019.[9]

British Rail Class 331
Civity
Class 331 at Stoke-on-Trent in 2023
Class 331 atStoke-on-Trentin November 2023
Interior
In service1 July 2019 – present
ManufacturerCAF
Built at
Family nameCivity
Replaced
Constructed2017–2020
Entered service2019–2020
Number built
  • 43
  • (31 × 331/0, 12 × 331/1)
Formation
  • 3 cars per 331/0 unit:
  • DMSL-PTS-DMS
  • 4 cars per 331/1 unit:
  • DMSL-PTS-TS-DMS
Fleet numbers
  • 331/0: 331001–331031
  • 331/1: 331101–331112
Capacity
  • 331/0: 184 seats(plus 19 tip-up)
  • 331/1: 260 seats(plus 23 tip-up)
OwnersEversholt Rail Group
OperatorsNorthern Trains
Depots
Specifications
Car body constructionAluminium[4]
Train length
  • 331/0: 71.40 m (234 ft 3 in)
  • 331/1: 94.75 m (310 ft 10 in)[4]
Car length
  • DM vehs.: 24.026 m (78 ft 9.9 in)
  • Trailers: 23.350 m (76 ft 7.3 in)
Width2.712 m (8 ft 11 in)[4]
Height3.870 m (12 ft 8 in)[4]
Doors
  • Double-leaf sliding plug
  • (2 per side per car)
Wheelbase
  • Bogies:
  • 2.250 m (7 ft 5 in)
  • Over bogie centres:
  • 16.000 m (52 ft 6 in)[4]
Maximum speed100 mph (161 km/h)
Axle load
  • DMSL: 11.30 t (11.12 long tons)
  • PTS: 8.88 t (8.74 long tons)
  • TS: 7.97 t (7.84 long tons)
  • DMS: 11.21 t (11.03 long tons)
  • (tare)[4]
Traction motors8 ×TSATME 52-15-4[5]
asynchronousthree-phase AC
(4 per DM vehicle)
Power output
  • 1,760 kW (2,360 hp)
  • (220 kW (300 hp) per motor)[6]
Acceleration1.3 m/s2(2.9 mph/s) max.
Electric system(s)25 kV 50 Hz ACoverhead
Current collector(s)Pantograph(Brecknell Willis)[4]
UIC classification
  • 331/0: Bo′Bo′+2′2′+Bo′Bo′
  • 331/1: Bo′Bo′+2′2′+2′2′+Bo′Bo′
Braking system(s)
Safety system(s)
Coupling systemDellner
Multiple workingWithin class
Track gauge1,435 mm(4 ft8+1⁄2in)standard gauge
Notes/references
Sourced from[7]unless otherwise noted.

History

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The announcement of the new trains was made by Arriva UK Trains when it was confirmed that it would become the next operator of the Northern franchise from 1 April 2016.[10]CAF were selected by Arriva as they were the only manufacturer able to produce both new diesel (Class 195) and electric multiple units from the same platform, theCivity,thus increasing familiarity for drivers and reducing maintenance costs once in operation.[6]Bombardiersubmitted a bid to produce electric units based on their newAventraplatform, but was unable to offer the matching DMU that Arriva required.[11]Furthermore, Bombardier already had a long order book forAventraunits and Arriva believed CAF were in a stronger position to guarantee on-time delivery of the units.[11]At the time of placing the order, the £500 million value and 101-unit size made it CAF's largest-ever contract for a European customer.[9]

Construction started in July 2017,[12]with the first completed unit being unveiled on 31 January 2018.[13]Testing began in the UK in September 2018,[12][14]and in March 2019, a four-car Class 331 unit (331111) became the first train to be completed at CAF'sLlanwernfactory.[15]

On 28 June 2019, the new trains were launched by a special service for the media. Regular passenger service with the Class 331 (along with its diesel counterpart, theClass 195) started on 1 July 2019.[16]

During the first episode of the seventh series ofGreat Continental Railway Journeys,first shown in 2020,Michael Portillodrove unit 331005 inside theCAFfactory inZaragoza.[17]

Description

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See also:British Rail Class 195

Arriva UK Trainsstated its aim for a "step-change in quality" for the new trains when compared with older trains in theNorthernfleet such as thePacersandSprinters.[10]The interior, layout and driver cab of the Class 331 (EMU) are identical to their sister units, the Class 195 (DMU) with the only difference being power generation and drivetrain.[6]

The 331s have a 'doors-at-thirds' arrangement, and a top speed limited to 100 mph (161 km/h). The units haveair conditioning,power sockets, one toilet per train, open gangways between individual carriages, passenger compartmentCCTV,provision for wheelchair passengers and wi-fi system. All trains fitted with an automated audio information system, as well as display screens – six in each carriage ensuring all passengers have an unobstructed view to at least one. These screens convey a variety of information from station arrival times and informing alighting passengers when they need to be in a different carriage due to platforms being too short to accommodate the train.[18]

Northern selected a "wide and spacious" vestibule area to allow for quicker passenger flows when boarding and disembarking to minimise dwell times which can result in delays.[6]These large spaces around the doors offer a degree of flexibility as to how this space can be used with flip-down seats and standing space in times of overcrowding where the objective is ensuring more passengers can board. The units are not fitted with fixed luggage racks as these often reduce capacity on peak-time commuter trains – space is provided around the flip-down seats adjacent to the doors to store luggage and prams – thus not impacting on the capacity of the train or safety for passengers wishing to alight or board.

The Class 331 electric units are noted for their quick acceleration putting them among the fastest accelerating EMUs in the United Kingdom with a rate of 1.3 m/s2(2.9 mph/s).[7]This allows the units to accelerate from 0 to 125 km/h (78 mph) in 45seconds - by comparison, the ex-British Rail Class 321/322 units have an acceleration rate of 0.55 m/s2(1.2 mph/s) and which takes them over 2minutes to attain the same speed.[19][20]It is envisaged this improved acceleration result in efficiencies and improved punctuality on commuter routes with multiple stops across the Northern network.

The units are designed with a projected lifespan of 35years and it is planned they will operate beyond 2050 with maintenance and refurbishment.[6]Other features included are digital seat reservation system – however these are to future-proof the train and Northern do not envisage using these on many, if any routes. Although the vast majority of services will operate as three or four-car formations, some three-car units are doubled up to form six-car services. As a result, they are fitted withAutomatic Selective Door Operation(ASDO) for use on routes where station platform lengths are not sufficient to fully accommodate the train. This ASDO is linked to an automated system which informs the passengers through both announcements and the passenger information screens located in each saloon.

Routes

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InWest Yorkshire,the Class 331 units replaced the eightClass 321andClass 322trains operating alongside the fleet ofClass 333units onLeeds/Bradford Forster SquaretoIlkley/Skiptonand Leeds toDoncasterstopping services.[21]In theNorth West,the 331s were deployed on inter-city electrified services fromBlackpool NorthtoManchester Airportand services fromHazel Groveto Blackpool North. The 331s were also introduced on theLiverpool Lime Streetto Blackpool North route and the Liverpool Lime Street to Manchester Airport route.[21]

Fleet details

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Class Operator No. built Year built Cars per unit Unit nos.
331/0 Northern Trains 31 2017–2020 3 331001–331031
331/1 12 4 331101–331112

Illustration

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Northern Class 331/0

Named units

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Class 331 unit with "NHS We Thank You" livery

Both 331106 and 331110 are namedProud To Be Northern.[22]

Units 331010 and 331109 also have a special NHS livery to thank them for their efforts during the Covid-19 pandemic.[23]

See also

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References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toBritish Rail Class 331.
  1. ^Clinnick, Richard (31 January 2018)."Northern unveils its first new CAF-built train".Rail Magazine.Peterborough: Bauer Consumer Media.Archivedfrom the original on 23 September 2018.Retrieved31 January2018.
  2. ^Miles, Tony (February 2024). "'319s' finish with Northern ". Moving Wheels.Modern Railways.No. 905. p. 87.
  3. ^"Merriman visits Shipley depot site". News.Today's Railways UK.No. 267. May 2024. p. 16.
  4. ^abcdefghThe Class 331 Electric Multiple Unit(PDF).Sunderland: Arriva Rail North. 24 January 2018.Archivedfrom the original on 26 March 2022.Retrieved6 March2022.
  5. ^"CAF Civity UK for various operators in the United Kingdom".Wiener Neudorf: Traktionssysteme Austria.Retrieved28 May2023.
  6. ^abcdefShirres, David (3 April 2018)."Northern's trains from Spain".Rail Engineer.Coalville: Rail Media Group. Archived fromthe originalon 15 September 2018.Retrieved14 September2018.
  7. ^ab"Class 331".London: Eversholt Rail Group.Archivedfrom the original on 13 April 2020.Retrieved15 August2019.
  8. ^Long Term Passenger Rolling Stock Strategy for the Rail Industry(PDF)(4th ed.). London: Rail Delivery Group. March 2016. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 20 April 2016.
  9. ^abClinnick, Richard (22 July 2020)."Northern close to completion of £500 million CAF train order".Rail Magazine.Peterborough: Bauer Consumer Media.Archivedfrom the original on 7 August 2020.Retrieved27 August2020.
  10. ^ab"Intention to award Northern franchise to Arriva".Sunderland: Arriva Rail North. 9 December 2015. Archived fromthe originalon 17 March 2016.Retrieved22 March2016.
  11. ^abLea, Robert (23 January 2016)."Spain wins £490m race to replace unloved Pacer".The Times.London.Retrieved15 September2018.
  12. ^abBarrow, Keith (11 July 2017)."CAF begins production of new trains for Northern".International Railway Journal.Falmouth: Simmons-Boardman Publishing.Retrieved1 December2022.
  13. ^Fender, Keith (31 January 2018)."CAF presents first Civity EMU for Northern".International Railway Journal.Falmouth: Simmons-Boardman Publishing. Archived fromthe originalon 1 December 2022.Retrieved7 February2018.
  14. ^Cox, Charlotte (26 September 2018)."Troubled operator Northern Rail track-tests its £500m fleet of new trains".Manchester Evening News.Reach plc.Archivedfrom the original on 26 November 2018.Retrieved11 June2021.
  15. ^Milner, Chris (August 2019). "CAF Class 195 DMUs and Class 331 EMUs".The Railway Magazine.Vol. 165, no. 1421. Horncastle: Mortons Media Group. p. 31.ISSN0033-8923.
  16. ^"New trains launch 'genuine transformation' of Northern services".Railway Gazette International.Sutton: DVV Media International. 1 July 2019. Archived fromthe originalon 1 July 2019.Retrieved1 July2019.
  17. ^"Salamanca to Canfranc".Great Continental Railway Journeys.Series 7. Episode Ep. 1/6. 29 July 2020. BBC.Retrieved5 July2024.
  18. ^Clinnick, Richard (9 September 2019)."From the Archives: On their way to Northern".Rail Magazine.Peterborough: Bauer Consumer Media.Archivedfrom the original on 25 October 2020.Retrieved2 November2019.
  19. ^"Class 321".London: Eversholt Rail Group.Archivedfrom the original on 22 April 2019.Retrieved2 November2019.
  20. ^"Class 322".London: Eversholt Rail Group.Archivedfrom the original on 21 April 2019.Retrieved2 November2019.
  21. ^abClinnick, Richard (11 September 2019). "Skipton and Blackpool to welcome new Northern EMUs".Rail Magazine.No. 887. Peterborough: Bauer Media. p. 28.ISSN0953-4563.
  22. ^Bendall, Simon; Nicholls, Mark (September 2019). "Fleet Review".Railways Illustrated.No. 199. Stamford: Key Publishing. p. 18.
  23. ^"Northern transforms trains in salute to NHS heroes".Northern Railway Media Centre.23 April 2020.Retrieved18 November2023.


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