Wikipedia

Bukowsko

Bukowsko(Polish:[buˈkɔfskɔ]) is avillageinSanok County,Subcarpathian Voivodeship,Poland.It lies in theBukowsko Uplandmountains. During thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealthit was inLesser Polandprowincja.

Bukowsko
Village
Main street in Bukowsko, Catholic Church and city bank.
Main street in Bukowsko, Catholic Church and city bank.
Coat of arms of Bukowsko
Coat of arms
Etymology: Its name comes from the Slavic wordbuk,meaning "beech"(beechwood)
Bukowsko is located in Poland
Bukowsko
Bukowsko
Coordinates:49°28′44″N22°03′37″E/ 49.47889°N 22.06028°E/49.47889; 22.06028
CountryPoland
VoivodeshipSubcarpathian
CountySanok
GminaBukowsko
First mentioned1361
Area
• Total
8.2 km2(3.2 sq mi)
Elevation
340 m (1,120 ft)
Population
(31 December 2002)
• Total
1,500
• Density180/km2(470/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1(CET)
• Summer (DST)UTC+2(CEST)
Postal code
38 504
Car plateKUS, RSA
Websitehttp:// bukowsko.pl

Characteristics

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Bukowsko is the administrative and cultural centre of theGmina Bukowsko.It is crossed by therail roadconnecting it with Slovakia. It is especially the private sector andservice industriesthat are developing rapidly at this time.

It is home to the Uniwersytet Ludowy, opened in 2005, which contains many artworks and effects of the folk handworks inspiration. Bukowsko is situated in the poorest region of Poland.

History

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Settled inprehistoric times,the southern-eastern Poland region that is now Podkarpacie was overrun in pre-Roman times by various tribes, including theCelts,GothsandVandals(Przeworsk culture). Afterthe fall of the Roman Empire,of which most of south-eastern Poland was part (all parts below theSan), the area was invaded byHungariansand Slavs.

The region subsequently became part of theGreat Moravianstate. Upon the invasion of theHungarian tribesinto the heart of the Great Moravian Empire around 899, theLendiansof the area declared their allegiance toHungarian Empire.The region then became a site of contention betweenPoland,Kievan Rus andHungarystarting in at least the 9th century. This area was mentioned for the first time in 981 (byNestor), whenVolodymyr the GreatofKievan Rustook the area over on the way into Poland. In 1018 it returned to Poland, 1031 back to Rus, in 1340Casimir III of Polandrecovered it.

Inhistorical recordsthe village was first mentioned in 1361. During 966–1018, 1340–1772 (Ruthenian Voivodeship) and during 1918–39 Bukowsko was part of Poland. While during 1772–1918 it belonged toAustrian empire,laterAustrian-Hungarian empirewhen double monarchy was introduced in Austria. This part of Poland was controlled byAustriafor almost 120 years. At that time the area (including west and east ofSubcarpathian Voivodship) was known asGalicia.It was given theMagdeburg lawin 1768. In 1785 the village lands comprised 6.5 km2(2.5 sq mi). There were 700 Catholics. In 1864 RabbiShlomo Halberstamwas appointed as rabbi of the Jewish community of Bukowsko. He held this position until 1879.[1]

The city of Bukowsko burned down by theUPAin 1946

After the Nazis had captured the town, Jewish homes and shops were robbed by the civilians from neighbouring towns. In the spring of 1942, 804 Jews of Bukowsko and over 300 of the surrounding villages were put into aghetto.Out of that number over 100 were shot on the local (Jewish) cemetery. The rest were transported to the camp inZwangsarbeitslager Zaslaw.None of the prayer houses survived the war. Only a fewmatzevahsremained on the cemetery.[2]Bukowsko also had alabour campwhich existed from August to October 1942. The Jews, 60 on average, carried out road construction.

An April 1946New York Timesarticle reported that on 4 April 1946, 389 of the 400 buildings in the village were burned down and 3,000 people were made homeless by a force ofUkrainian nationalistsand German deserters operating in the area who had a few days earlier demanded, but not received, a payment of 1 millionzłoty.[3]The village was also burned in whole or in part January, March and November 1946. Only over a dozen years after the war the village started to rebuild.

Geography

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Themunicipalitylies at analtitudeof 482 metres (1,581 feet)above sea leveland covers anareaof 8.3 square kilometres (3.2 square miles). It has apopulationof about 1500 people. The village of Bukowsko lies in a valley of the Sanoczek river in southeastern Poland. The hills of theBieszczadymountain rangeare typical for this countryside. Time zone:UTC+1/SummerUTC+2 Village parts: Dział; Sanoczek; Łaźniakowa Góra; Podwapienne; Pasieki.

International relations

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See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Twin towns — Sister cities

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Bukowsko istwinnedwith:

Notable residents

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Hiking trails

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References

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  1. ^"Memories of my town Bukowsk".JewishGen.Org, Inc.Retrieved2009-08-06.
  2. ^Andrzej Potocki.Podkarpackie judaica.Związek Gmin Brzozowskich i Muzeum Regionalne PTTK im. Adama Fastnachta w Brzozowie. 1993. p. 59
  3. ^"3,000 in Rebel Band Terrorize Galicia".New York Times.April 18, 1946.RetrievedMarch 18,2012.

Literature

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  • Prof.Adam Fastnacht.Slownik Historyczno-Geograficzny Ziemi Sanockiej w Średniowieczu (Historic-Geographic Dictionary of the Sanok District in the Middle Ages), Kraków, 2002,ISBN83-88385-14-3.
  • Jerzy Zuba. "W Gminie Bukowsko." Roksana, 2004,ISBN83-7343-150-0(Polish). English translation, Deborah Greenlee, Editor, 2005, Arlington, TX 76016.
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