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CSX Transportation

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"CSX" redirects here. For the parent company, seeCSX Corporation.For other uses, seeCSX (disambiguation).

CSX Transportation(reporting markCSXT), known colloquially as simplyCSX,is aClass Ifreight railroad company operating in theEastern United Statesand the Canadian provinces ofOntarioandQuebec.Operating about 21,000 route miles (34,000 km) of track,[1]it is the leadingsubsidiaryofCSX Corporation,aFortune 500company headquartered inJacksonville, Florida.[2][3]

CSX Transportation
A map of CSX Transportation's train routes with trackage rights in purple, as of 2009
CSX 660, aGE AC6000CW,westbound atPoint of Rocks, Maryland
Overview
HeadquartersCSX Transportation Building,500 Water Street,Jacksonville, Florida,U.S.
Reporting markCSXT
LocaleNortheastern,Southern,MidwesternUnited States andEastern Canada
Dates of operationJuly 1, 1986;38 years ago(1986-07-01)–present
Predecessors
List
Technical
Track gauge4 ft8+1⁄2in(1,435 mm)standard gauge
Length21,000 miles (34,000 km)
Other
Websitecsx

CSX Corporation was formed in 1980 from the merger ofChessie SystemandSeaboard Coast Line Industries,two holding companies that controlled railroads operating in theEastern United States.Initially only a holding company, the subsidiaries that made up CSX Corporation completed merging in 1987. CSX Transportation formally came into existence in 1986, as the successor ofSeaboard System Railroad.In 1999, CSX Transportation acquired about half ofConrailin a joint purchase with competitorNorfolk Southern Railway.In 2022, it acquiredPan Am Railways,extending its reach into northernNew England.

Norfolk Southern remains CSX's chief competitor; the two share aduopolyon transcontinental freight rail lines in the east half of the US.

History

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Predecessors

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See also:List of CSX Transportation predecessor railroads

CSX is the result of a number of mergers among railroads operating in the eastern United States, the earliest among them theBaltimore and Ohio Railroad(B&O) which formed in the 1820s.[4]Many of the competing railroads along the east coast began merging from the 1950s onward as part of a broader trend of consolidation. An announcement from theNew York Central(NYC) andPennsylvania(PRR) railroads in November 1957 that they were considering combining set off discussions between the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and theChesapeake and Ohio Railway(C&O) on a merger.[5]Ultimately, the financially stronger C&O took control of the B&O in December 1962, though the two railroads kept their separate identities. The NYC and PRR ultimately formedPenn Central Transportation Companyin 1968, which by 1970 was bankrupt.[6]

The combined C&O/B&O purchased stock in theWestern Maryland Railwayuntil it was able to take full control in February 1967, bringing a third railroad into the combined entity, which in 1973 became formally known as theChessie Systemafter the C&O's historic cat mascot Chessie.[7]

While the railroads inAppalachiawere merging, southern railroads (and historical competitors)Seaboard Air Line RailroadandAtlantic Coast Line Railroaddecided to pursue a merger in 1960, which was authorized by theInterstate Commerce Commissionin late 1963 and finally completed in 1967, forming theSeaboard Coast Line Railroad.[8]The combined company absorbed thePiedmont and Northern Railwayin 1969.[9]

In the Midwest, theLouisville and Nashville Railroad(L&N) went on an acquisition spree, splitting theChicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad(C&EI) with theMissouri Pacific Railroadin 1969. This was followed in 1971 with the acquisition of theMonon Railroad,which had complained bitterly about the C&EI split. The L&N also purchased a portion of theTennessee Central Railwayin 1969.[10]While still independent, the L&N had long standing links to the Atlantic Coast Line, and other railroads in the region began to worry about a combined L&N/SCL system.[11]

In 1969, the Seaboard Coast Line createdSeaboard Coast Line Industriesas a holding company. The Seaboard Coast Line Railroad had already held some of L&N's stock, but the new holding company began buying up as much as it could find and held nearly total control of shares by 1971. With this also came control of theClinchfield RailroadandGeorgia Railroad,both of which were nominally jointly owned by SCL and L&N. The resulting railroad conglomerate began operating under the name "Family Lines".[12]

Despite this wave of mergers, one more was yet to come - the combination of Chessie System and the Family Lines. To this end, theCSX Corporationwas organized on November 14, 1978, as a future vehicle for such a merger. Chessie and SCL Industries formally applied for ICC approval of their merger plans in January 1979, causing a rapid reaction from the region's other railroads. By April, theNorfolk and Western RailwayandSouthern Railwayunveiled their own plans for a merger. The Southern was opposed to the planned CSX merger, but soon came to terms with Chessie and SCL and dropped its objections.[13]On November 1, 1980, following ICC approval, CSX Corporation officially came into being as the successor of Chessie System and Seaboard Coast Line Industries. In 1982, N&W and the Southern completed their merger and formedNorfolk Southern Railway,creating a competitor to CSX.[13]

Early years

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CSX Transportation BuildinginJacksonville, Florida
Original logo for theCSX Corporation,emphasizing the "multiplication symbol" X

One of the first issues the new railroad grappled with was the choice of name. Chessie and SCLI leadership agreed that, as a merger of equals, neither of the existing names could be used. A call for suggestions went out to employees of both railroads, who responded with a wide variety of initialisms combining C and S in some form. At the same time, the two companies' lawyers needed a name to use as part of their proceedings with the ICC.[14]"CSC" was chosen but belonged to a trucking company inVirginia."CSM" (for "Chessie-Seaboard Merger" ) was also taken. Needing some sort of identifier for the new railroad, the lawyers decided to use "CSX", and the name stuck, despite only being intended as a placeholder.[14]In the public announcement, it was said that "CSX is singularly appropriate. C can stand for Chessie, S for Seaboard and X, the multiplication symbol, means that together we are so much more."[14]However, an August 9, 2016, article on theRailway Agewebsite stated that "... the 'X' was for 'Consolidated'".[15]A fourth letter had to be added to CSX when used as areporting markbecause reporting marks that end in X mean that the car is owned by a leasing company or private car owner.[16]Chessie's public relations staff drafted a number of possible logos for the new railroad, but continued to strike out until it was suggested to combine the letters "C" and "S" in the shape of an X.[14]

Despite the merger in 1980, CSX was apaper railroad(meaning no CSX painted locomotives or rolling stock) until 1986. In that year, Seaboard System changed its name to CSX Transportation. On April 30, 1987, the B&O merged into the C&O. With the Western Maryland having already merged into the C&O, this left the C&O as the sole operating railroad under the Chessie System banner. Finally, on August 31, 1987, C&O/Chessie System merged into CSX Transportation, bringing all of the major CSX railroads under one banner.

Conrail acquisition

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Government formedConrailbegan to show promise in the early 1980s, showing a profit for the first time under the leadership ofL. Stanley Cranein the wake of theStaggers Rail Act.TheReagan Administrationwished to privatize Conrail now that it had shown it could stand on its own and placed it for sale in 1983. While CSX expressed interest, it ultimately did not place a bid for Conrail; Norfolk Southern did, however. When the government identified NS' bid as the winner, CSX realized it faced financial peril from a combined NS/Conrail system. The railroad fiercely argued against allowing the sale to go through, even arguing that monopoly concerns precluded a Conrail sale to either NS or CSX. Despite his history in organizing the NS merger while leading the Southern Railway, Crane was a strong advocate for Conrail's independence and proposed an alternative: privatizing Conrail through aninitial public offeringto the general public. Crane's solution was ultimately adopted in 1987, keeping Conrail independent.[17]

This was not the end of CSX and NS interest in Conrail, and attempts by both competitors resumed in the 1990s. This time, CSX struck first, announcing a surprise deal to purchase Conrail in October 1996. NS promptly made an offer of its own and began a bidding war with CSX that was only resolved in January 1997 when the competitors struck a deal to split Conrail between them.[18]

On June 23, 1997, CSX andNorfolk Southern Railway(NS) filed a joint application with theSurface Transportation Boardfor authority to purchase, divide, and operate the assets of the 11,000-mile (18,000 km) Conrail, which had been created in 1976 by bringing together several ailingNortheasternrailway systems into agovernment-owned corporation.On June 6, 1998, the STB approved the CSX–NS application and set August 22, 1998, as the effective date of its decision. CSX acquired 42 percent of Conrail's assets, and NS received the remaining 58 percent. As a result of the transaction, CSX's rail operations grew to include some 3,800 miles (6,100 km) of the Conrail system (predominantly lines that had belonged to the formerNew York Central Railroad). CSX began operating its trains on its portion of the Conrail network on June 1, 1999. CSX now serves much of theEastern United States,with a few routes into nearby Canadian cities.

The two competitors were unwilling to give one company full control of busy industrial areas inDetroit,Philadelphia,and northern New Jersey (theChemical Coast). A compromise solution was reached by creatingConrail Shared Assets Operations,a jointly ownedswitching and terminal railroadwhich would operate in these areas on behalf of both CSX and NS.[19]

Other acquisitions

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Virginia shortlineRichmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad(RF&P) was acquired by CSX in February 1990. The RF&P had historically been jointly owned by a number of connecting railroads through a holding company and operated as abridge line.All of these owners except the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Southern Railway eventually became part of CSX, and the PRR stake was given up during the bankruptcy of Penn Central. This purchase added a new connection betweenAlexandriaandRichmond,linking former B&O lines with those of C&O and Seaboard. However, the State of Virginia, which held partial ownership of the RF&P, was displeased with the merger agreement created by CSX. In particular the status ofPotomac Yard,then a majorclassification yardin the RF&P system, was a matter of disagreement. The yard had potential for redevelopment, and as part of negotiations with the state, CSX ultimately agreed to decommission the rail yard by the time a deal was reached in October 1991 whereby CSX and the State of Virginia each purchased part of the RF&P.[20]

From the 1930s, the B&O had used part of thePittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad(P&LE) main line fromMcKeesport, Pennsylvania,toWest Pittsburgvia atrackage rightsagreement. The P&LE remained healthy enough to escape inclusion in Conrail, but a severe downturn in the steel industry in the 1980s crippled the railroad. As local traffic dried up, conditions reached the point that the B&O was running as many as 20 trains per day on the P&LE main line versus just one run by the line's owner. When P&LE employees went on strike to protest a change in ownership of the railroad, the company cut maintenance and reduced its main line to one track to cut costs. This adversely affected CSX usage of the line and sparked an interest in purchasing it outright.[21]

An initial attempt to buy out the P&LE in partnership with anemployee buyoutby P&LE employees in 1988 failed when negotiations between CSX and the other railroad's unions could not come to an agreement. CSX instead purchased the P&LE main line outright in 1991, leasing it back to the P&LE. The next year, CSX formed theThree Rivers Railwayas a subsidiary and purchased several key P&LE lines through it. CSX did not want the entire railroad, so some lines and company assets were instead retained by the P&LE's parent company, which ultimately sold them off.[22]

Into the 21st century

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The company introduced its current slogan, "How Tomorrow Moves", in 2008.[23]

In 2014,Canadian Pacific Railwayapproached CSX with an offer to merge the two companies, but CSX declined, and in 2015 Canadian Pacific made an attempt to purchase and merge withNorfolk Southern,[24]but NS declined to do so as well.

In 2017, CSX announcedHunter Harrisonwould become its new chief executive officer; a settlement with activist investorPaul Hilaland Mantle Ridge.[25]CSX added five new directors to their board, including Harrison and Mantle Ridge founder Paul Hilal. Mantle Ridge owns 4.9% of CSX.[26]Harrison quickly moved to convert CSX rail operations toprecision railroading.[27]On December 14, 2017, CSX announced that Hunter Harrison was on medical leave. Two days after the announcement, Harrison died, one day after being hospitalized for complications of an ongoing illness. CSX initially saw a 10% drop in its stock price, but turned around to hit a new 52-week high less than a month later (January 2018).[28]Harrison's successors have continued the shift to precision railroading, with mosthump yardsconverted to flat yards, low volume shipping lanes eliminated and reductions in rolling stock and work force.

Pan Am Railways acquisition

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On November 30, 2020, CSX Transportation's parent company CSX Corporation announced on social media that they had come to an agreement with Pan Am Systems to purchaseNew Englandbased Class IIPan Am Railways,pending regulatory approval from theSurface Transportation Board.The STB approved the purchase on April 14, 2022.[29]As part of the acquisition, Norfolk Southern Railway will gain trackage rights over several CSX lines, andPan Am Southern,50 percent owned by Pan Am Railways, will be operated by theBerkshire and Eastern Railroad,a newGenesee & Wyomingsubsidiary formed explicitly for this purpose.[29]CSX completed the purchase on June 1, 2022.[30]

Meridian and Bigbee Railroad acquisition

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On June 28, 2023, CSX andCanadian Pacific Kansas City(CPKC) announced the intention to purchaseMeridian and Bigbee Railroad(MNBR). The MNBR creates a connection 168 miles (270 km) between CSX inBurkville, AlabamanearMontgomery,andMeridian, Mississippi,where it joins theMeridian Speedwayheading west. Under the proposed agreement, CSX will resume operations between Montgomery and Myrtlewood, terminating the lease currently in place with MNBR, while CPKC will acquire the 50.4 miles (81.1 km) segment of the line between Myrtlewood and Meridian. MNBR will cease operations between Montgomery and Myrtlewood although it may continue to operate between Myrtlewood and Meridian, and continue to serve existing customers on that segment of the line.[31]If the STB approves the purchase, it will provide a connection between the two companies' networks and allow CSX traffic destined for Mexico to be delivered directly to CPKC, eliminating the need for a third intermediate railroad to move such traffic. Currently, CSX traffic bound for Mexico is exchanged with theUnion Pacific RailroadinNew Orleans,who then takes it to the cross-border gateway inLaredo, Texas,where it is delivered to CPKC.[32][33]

In October 2024, the STB approved CSX's resumption of operations on the 93.7 miles (150.8 km) leased from M&B between Burkville and Myrtlewood and CPKC's purchase of the 50.4 miles (81.1 km) miles of line between Myrtlewood and Meridian. The agreement became effective 16 November, 2024.

Initially, and for the next five years, CSX and CPKC will interchange across the line an average of two trains per day in each direction.

In turn, the Board also required CSX to maintain itsSelma, AL,gateway open and to provide one shipper access to the NS at Selma at the M&B rate for five years, subject to reasonable cost escalation. It also includes conditions protecting employees affected by the line sale, and requires noise mitigation efforts regarding the CSX portion.[34]

A few days before CSX and CPKC officially took over the former M&B line,Schneider National,CSX's one of major intermodal partners and CPKC's main partner, announced that a new interline service connecting the Southeast (Florida and Georgia) with the Texas and Mexico markets via the route between Montgomery and Meridian will be launched beginning in December.[35]

Unit trains

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A long CSX coal train of empty hoppers crosses theNew Riveras seen fromHawks Nest State Park

CSX operated theJuice Trainwhich consisted ofTropicanacars that carried freshorange juicebetweenBradenton, Florida,and theGreenvillesection ofJersey City, New Jersey.The northbound train was originally designated on CSX as K650 during the 1990s, and Q740 in the 2000s. The Juice Train has previously been studied as a model of efficient rail transportation that can compete with trucks and other modes in the perishable-goods trade. In 2017, the train was abolished from north ofTampa, Florida,and now mixed freight trains deliver the cars to their respective destinations. It still operates between Bradenton and Tampa however, but is designated as local O823.[36][better source needed]

The Coke Express rolls through alevel crossing.Hopper carsdisplay both the CSX logo and the wordsCOKE EXPRESS.

CSX operates Coke Expressunit trains.[37]They carrycokeforsteelmaking,power generationand other various uses, running betweenPittsburghandChicago,and other places in theRust Belt.

Locomotives

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A new CSXES44AHin the YN3 paint scheme

CSX has rebuilt a significant number of locomotives.[38]Some of theirEMDGP38-2,GP40-2,andSD40-2locomotives have been rebuilt to Dash 3 standards with updated Wabtec Electronically Controlled Air Brakes, air conditioning, automated starting controls, a crash safe cab, a new electronic control stand, and Positive Train Control (PTC).[39]In 2019, 25SD70AClocomotives were rebuilt at the CSX Huntington Heavy Repair Facility, with rebuilt prime movers, in-cab electronic and comfort improvements,New York Air BrakeCCB II airbrake systems, and new Mitsubishi drive controls.[40]CSX has also partnered withWabtecto rebuildGElocomotives at their Fort Worth facility[41]with prime movers upgraded to the FDL Advantage spec and new electronic controls such as the Wabtec Trip Optimizer Zero-to-Zero system.[42]

CSX has also obtained a fewEMD F40PH-2s—nos. 9992, 9993, 9998, and 9999 (All locomotives except 9999 have been renumbered to CSX 1, 2, and 3 and were repainted into a heritageBaltimore and Ohio Railroadscheme)—that were retired fromAmtrakfor executive office car service andgeometry trains.Another locomotive, ex-MARCGP40WH-2no. 9969 was acquired for the same purpose.

With the arrival ofHunter Harrison,CSX began to store many locomotives. Following Harrison's death, his replacement James Foote largely continued his policies. The company had over 900 locomotives in storage in January 2018.[43]

CSX ordered tenSD70ACe-T4sin August 2018, which were delivered in July the following year. They are classified as ST70AHs. CSX also has a contract with Wabtec for modernizing their fleet of CW44s. The modernized locomotives, nearly thirty in number as of June 2020, are being classified asCM44AC.[44]In February 2024, CSX and Wabtec reached a new agreement, of which, involves the modernization of over 200 locomotives. This accounts for the rest of the active roster ofCW44ACs & CW44AHs.The locomotives will be modernized through 2028.[45]

On April 30, 2019, CSX unveiled locomotives 911 and 1776, twoES44AHlocomotives created to honor the first responders and veterans respectively.[46]Another special unit, ES44AH 3194, was unveiled on August 22, 2019, in honor of the law enforcement.[47]On September 13, 2022, CSX unveiled SD70AC 4568 painted in honor ofOperation Lifesaver's50th anniversary.[48]

Heritage units

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In May 2023, CSX unveiled theirheritage unitprogram, beginning with ES44AH No. 1827 being painted for theBaltimore and Ohio Railroad.CSX then stated that a total of 21 heritage locomotives would be painted over the coming months, with the locomotive number coinciding with the year the railroad was founded or the name began being used.[49][50]

Safety

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In 1995, CSX started a newliability insurancerequirement of $200 million to introduce their official policy, "no steam on its own wheels", banning the operation ofsteam locomotivesand other antique rail equipment on their trackage due to safety concerns, and increased risk.[51][52]

List of accidents and incidents

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Major Yards

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Hump and control tower atSelkirk Yard

Hump Yards

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Inhump yards,trains are slowly pushed over a small hill as cars are uncoupled at the crest of the hill and allowed to roll down the hump into the appropriate tracks for outbound trains.

See also

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References

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  1. ^CSX Transportation, Jacksonville, FL."Company Overview."Archived2011-01-29 at theWayback MachineAccessed 2012-12-02.
  2. ^"CSX Corporate Structure".Retrieved2019-01-07.
  3. ^"Fortune 500 - CSX".Fortune.Archived fromthe originalon 2019-01-07.Retrieved2019-01-07.
  4. ^Solomon 2005,p. 14.
  5. ^Solomon 2005,pp. 43–45.
  6. ^Solomon 2005,p. 48.
  7. ^Solomon 2005,pp. 51–52.
  8. ^Solomon 2005,pp. 54–55.
  9. ^Solomon 2005,p. 58.
  10. ^Solomon 2005,pp. 58–60.
  11. ^Solomon 2005,p. 55.
  12. ^Solomon 2005,pp. 60, 62.
  13. ^abSolomon 2005,p. 62.
  14. ^abcdDolinger, Milt (October 23, 2023)."CSX: How this railroad got its name".Trains.Retrieved2024-10-09.
  15. ^Vantuono, William (2016-09-28)."So what does the" X "in" CSX "really mean?".Railway Age.Archived fromthe originalon 2016-09-03.Retrieved2016-09-28.
  16. ^Solomon 2005,p. 69.
  17. ^Solomon 2005,pp. 65–66.
  18. ^Solomon 2005,pp. 74, 76.
  19. ^Solomon 2005,pp. 77–78.
  20. ^Solomon 2005,pp. 70–71.
  21. ^Solomon 2005,pp. 71, 73.
  22. ^Solomon 2005,pp. 73–74.
  23. ^Dolinger, Milt (2006-05-01)."How CSX got its name".Trains.Archived fromthe originalon 2008-12-09.Retrieved2006-08-04.
  24. ^Mattioli, Dana; Hoffman, Liz; George-Cosh, David (October 13, 2014)."Canadian Pacific Approached CSX About Merger Deal".The Wall Street Journal.
  25. ^Orol, Ronald (March 6, 2017)."CSX, Mantle Ridge Reach Blockbuster Deal".TheStreet.
  26. ^Michael Flaherty and Aishwarya Venugopal (March 6, 2017)."UPDATE 2-CSX names Hunter Harrison CEO".Reuters.
  27. ^Barrow, Keith (September 17, 2019)."Precision Scheduled Railroading Evolution-Revolution".International Railway Journal.
  28. ^"CSX Investors Seek Clarity After CEO Death, Stock Stabilizes".Reuters. 18 December 2017.RetrievedOctober 15,2018.
  29. ^abStephens, Bill (April 14, 2022)."Regulators approve CSX Transportation's acquisition of Pan Am Railways (updated)".Trains.Retrieved2022-05-01.
  30. ^"CSX Completes Acquisition of Pan Am Railways".June 1, 2022.
  31. ^"STB sets schedules to consider CPKC, CSX plan to acquire G&W short line".Progressive Railroading.December 20, 2023.RetrievedDecember 20,2023.
  32. ^Stephens, Bill (July 10, 2023)."CPKC-CSX deal over Meridian & Bigbee shortcut finally realizes Mike Haverty's vision: Analysis".Trains.RetrievedAugust 7,2023.
  33. ^Stephens, Bill (June 28, 2023)."CPKC and CSX to create direct interchange via G&W short line in Alabama".Trains.Retrieved2023-08-07.
  34. ^Lassen, David (October 17, 2024)."Regulators approve CPKC, CSX acquisition of Meridian & Bigbee".Trains.RetrievedNovember 7,2024.
  35. ^Cannon, Jason (November 11, 2024)."Schneider launches 'transformational' cross border intermodal service".CCJ Digital.RetrievedNovember 18,2024.
  36. ^"The Way It Was: Juice Train 1997".Distant Signal Productions. 15 October 2020.RetrievedApril 7,2022.
  37. ^"CSX - Resources".csx.Retrieved2022-06-20.
  38. ^"CSX locomotive rebuild program preserves jobs in Huntington".WVNews.2015-08-28.Retrieved2022-03-25.
  39. ^"SD40-3: CSX Old" New "Locomotive".Archived fromthe originalon 2022-01-30.Retrieved2022-03-25.
  40. ^Anderson, Chris (2019-09-03)."CSX upgrading 25 SD70ACs".Trains.Retrieved2022-03-25.
  41. ^Whitely, Jason (2021-11-27)."Fort Worth factory successfully reinvented itself after railroads stopped buying new locomotives".WFAA Dallas.Retrieved2022-03-25.
  42. ^Luczak, Marybeth (2021-06-24)."CSX Selects Wabtec for Power Upgrades".Railway Age.Retrieved2022-03-25.
  43. ^Stephens, Bill (January 17, 2018)."'There is no turning back'".Trains.Archived fromthe originalon January 20, 2018.RetrievedJanuary 20,2018.
  44. ^Landrum, Erik (2019-07-09)."First Progress-built Tier 4 locomotives for CSX arrive".Trains.Retrieved2022-03-25.
  45. ^"Wabtec and CSX Extend Deal to Modernize over 200 Locomotives | Wabtec Corporation".wabteccorp.Retrieved2024-03-08.
  46. ^Anderson, Chris (April 30, 2019)."CSX releases veterans, first responders commemorative units".Trains.Archived fromthe originalon May 7, 2019.RetrievedMay 31,2019.
  47. ^"CSX unveils 'Spirit of our Law Enforcement' commemorative locomotive No. 3194 | Trains Magazine".29 August 2019.
  48. ^"News photos: CSX unit marks 50th anniversary of Operation Lifesaver".Trains.Kalmbach Media. 15 September 2022.Retrieved22 May2024.
  49. ^Bill, Stephens (12 May 2023)."Baltimore & Ohio heritage locomotive is the first of many to come, CSX confirms".trains.Trains Magazine.Retrieved5 December2023.
  50. ^Franz, Justin (November 20, 2024)."CSX Releases Final Heritage Unit — For Now".Railfan & RailroadMagazine.White River Productions.RetrievedNovember 21,2024.
  51. ^Spradlin, Kevin (June 24, 2010)."CSX disputes claims it pulled support for Petersburg festival in '11th hour'".Cumberland Times-News.Archived fromthe originalon April 3, 2019.RetrievedMay 19,2019.
  52. ^Wrinn, Jim (2000).Steam's Camelot: Southern and Norfolk Southern Excursions in Color(1st ed.). TLC Publishing. p. 102.ISBN1-883089-56-5.
  53. ^"Train collision kills 1 in West Virginia - June 8, 1997".CNN.June 8, 1997.RetrievedFebruary 19,2023.
  54. ^"Rear end collision, Mineral Springs NC | FRA".railroads.dot.gov.Retrieved2021-10-03.
  55. ^"Film Crew member of Midnight Rider killed by train".Los Angeles Times.30 January 2019.Retrieved2021-10-22.
  56. ^"A Train, a Narrow Trestle and 60 Seconds to Escape: How 'Midnight Rider' Victim Sarah Jones Lost Her Life".hollywoodreporter.4 March 2014.Retrieved2021-10-22.
  57. ^Lee, Anita (15 March 2017)."Driver was 'Sober' Before Train Hit Tour Bus, Biloxi Chief Says".Sun Herald.Retrieved29 October2018.
  58. ^"CSX Working to Remove 25 Coal Cars Derailed in Pennsylvania".U.S. News & World Report.28 September 2017.Retrieved29 August2022.
  59. ^"Preliminary Report: Railroad: CSX Transportation, Train Derailment with Hazardous Materials Release".ntsb.gov.Archived fromthe originalon 2019-04-03.Retrieved2017-12-18.
  60. ^"Train crashes into Atlanta house, destroying it".USA Today.
  61. ^Moulton, Cyrus (21 July 2018)."CSX Cars Derail at Cambridge Street Bridge in Worcester".Telegram.Retrieved15 October2018.
  62. ^"Kentucky tornado derails a train in Hopkins County; one car lands on home".news.yahoo.12 December 2021.Retrieved2022-10-16.
  63. ^"Rockland County, New York, officials say sparks from CSX train apparently cause brush fires".CNN.14 April 2023.Retrieved15 April2023.
  64. ^Frosch, Dan."Crews Extinguish Fire After CSX Train Derailment in Kentucky".WSJ.

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