Wikipedia

Carinthia

(Redirected fromCarinthia (state))
This article is about the present-day Austrian state. For the historical state, seeDuchy of Carinthia.For the Slovene region, seeCarinthia (Slovenia).For other uses, seeCarinthia (disambiguation).
Not to be confused withCorinthiain Greece.

Carinthia(German:Kärnten[ˈkɛʁntn̩]ⓘ;Slovene:Koroška[kɔˈɾóːʃka]ⓘ;Italian:Carinzia[kaˈrintsja]) is the southernmost and least densely populatedAustrian state,in theEastern Alps,and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The main language isAustrian German,with its non-standard dialects belonging to theSouthern Bavariangroup;Carinthian Slovene dialects,forms of a SouthSlavic languagethat predominated in the southeastern part of the region up to the first half of the 20th century, are now spoken bya small minority in the area.

Carinthia
Kärnten(German)
Koroška(Slovene)
State
Flag of Carinthia
Flag
Coat of arms of Carinthia
Coat of arms
Anthem:Kärntner Heimatlied[de]
Location of Carinthia
CountryAustria
Capital and largest cityKlagenfurt
Government
• BodyLandtag of Carinthia
•GovernorPeter Kaiser(SPÖ)
• Deputy Governors
Area
• Total
9,364 km2(3,615 sq mi)
Highest elevation
(Grossglockner)
3,798 m (12,461 ft)
Lowest elevation
(Drau,inRabenstein(Lavamünd) at theSlovene border[1])
339 m (1,112 ft)
Population
(1 January 2023)
• Total
568,984
• Density61/km2(160/sq mi)
GDP
[2]
• Total€22.692 billion (2021)
• Per capita€40,300 (2021)
Time zoneUTC+1(CET)
• Summer (DST)UTC+2(CEST)
ISO 3166 codeAT-2
HDI(2022)0.913[3]
very high·7th of 9
NUTS RegionAT2
Votes in Bundesrat4 (of 62)
Websitektn.gv.at

Carinthia's mainindustriesaretourism,electronics,engineering,forestry,andagriculture.

Name

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HeiligenblutwithGrossglockner(snow-covered peak in the central background)

The etymology of the name "Carinthia", similar toCarniaorCarniola,has not been conclusively established. TheRavenna Cosmography(about AD 700) referred to aSlavic"Carantani" tribe as the eastern neighbours of theBavarians.In hisHistory of the Lombards,the 8th-century chroniclerPaul the Deaconmentions "Slavs inCarnuntum,which is erroneously called Carantanum "(Carnuntum, quod corrupte vocitant Carantanum) for the year 663.[4]

"Carantani" may have been formed from a toponymic basecarant-which ultimately derives from pre-Indo-Europeanroot *karra'rock'.[5](cf.Friulian:carantàn), or that it is ofCelticorigin and derived from *karantos'friend, ally'.

Likewise, the Slovene name*korǫtanъmay have been adopted from theLatin*carantanum.The toponymCarinthia(Slovene:Koroška<Proto-Slavic*korǫt’ьsko) is also claimed to be etymologically related, deriving from pre-Slavic *carantia.[6]

Carinthia is known asKoruška/ Корушкаin Croatian and Serbian,Korutanyin Czech,Kärntenin German,Karintiain Hungarian,Carinziain Italian,Carintiain Spanish,Karyntiain Polish,Korutánskoin Slovak, andKoroškain Slovene.

Geography

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Topographic map of Carinthia

The state stretches about 180 km (110 mi) from east to west, and 70 km (43 mi) in a north–south direction. With 9,536 km2(3,682 sq mi), it is the fifth-largest Austrian state by area. Most of the larger Carinthian towns and lakes are situated within the Klagenfurt Basin in the southeast, an inner Alpinesedimentary basincovering about one-fifth of the area. These Lower Carinthian lands differ from the mountainous Upper Carinthian region in the northwest, stretching up to theAlpine crest.

The Carinthian lands are confined by mountain ranges: theCarnic Alpsand theKarawanksform the border to Italy (Friuli-Venezia Giulia) and Slovenia (Carinthia Statistical Region,Savinja Statistical RegionandUpper Carniola Statistical Region). TheHigh Tauernmountain range with MtGrossglockner,3,797 m (12,457 ft), separates it from the state ofSalzburgin the northwest. To the northeast and east beyond thePack Saddlemountain pass is the state ofStyria.The main river of Carinthia is theDrava(Drau), it makes up a continuous valley withEast Tyrol,Tyrolto the west. Tributaries are theGurk,theGlan,theLavant,and theGailrivers. Carinthia's lakes includingWörther See,Millstätter See,Lake Ossiach,andLake Faakare a major tourist attraction.

Lake Faakand theKarawanks

The capital city isKlagenfurt.The next important town isVillach,both strongly linked economically. Other major towns includeAlthofen,Bad Sankt Leonhard im Lavanttal,Bleiburg,Feldkirchen,Ferlach,Friesach,Gmünd,Hermagor,Radenthein,Sankt Andrä,Sankt Veit an der Glan,Spittal an der Drau,Straßburg,Völkermarkt,Wolfsberg.

Carinthia has ahumid continental climate(Köppen), with hot and moderately wet summers and long harsh winters. In recent decades, winters have been exceptionallyarid.The summerprecipitationmaxima often takes the form of heavy rain andthunderstorms,especially in the mountainous regions. The main Alpine ridge in the north is a meteorological divide with pronouncedwindward and leewardsides wherefoehnoccurs regularly.

Due to the diversifiedterrain,numerous distinctmicroclimatesexist. Nevertheless, the average amount of sunshine hours is the highest of all states in Austria. In autumn and winter, temperatureinversionoften dominates the climate, characterized by air stillness, a densefogcovering the frosty valleys and trapping pollution to formsmog,while mild sunny weather is recorded higher up in the foothills and mountains.

History

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The settlement history of Carinthia dates back to thePaleolithicera. Archaeological findings of stone artifacts in a stalactite cave nearGriffenare older than 30,000 years; larger settlements in theLavanttal,Maria SaalandVillachregions are documented from about 3000 BC. Remains of a prehistoricstilt housesettlement were discovered atLake Keutschach,today part of thePrehistoric pile dwellings around the AlpsWorld Heritage Site. Skeleton finds from about 2000 BC (nearFriesach) denote a permanent population, and intensive arable farming, as well as trading with salt and Mediterranean products, was common already during the periods of theUrnfieldandHallstatt culture.Hallstattgrave fieldswere discovered nearDellach(Gurina),Rosegg(Frög), and on the Gracarca mountain southeast ofLake Klopein.

Noricum

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Main article:Noricum
Youth of Magdalensberg,replica of a Roman bronze statue unearthed nearMagdalensberg(Kunsthistorisches Museum,Vienna)

About 300 BC, severalIllyrianandCeltictribes joined in theKingdom of Noricum,centered on the capitalNoreia,possibly located in theZollfeldbasin near the later Roman city ofVirunum.Known for the production of salt and iron, the Kingdom maintained intensive trade relations withEtruscanpeoples and over the centuries extended the borders of its realm up to theDanubein the north. TheRoman Empireincorporated Noricum in 15 BC. Besides the administrative seat of Virunum, the cities ofTeurnia,Santicum (Villach) and Iuenna (Globasnitz) arose as centres of Roman culture. The Noricumprovinceremained strategically important as a mining area for iron, gold, and lead and as an agricultural region. In the reign of the EmperorDiocletian(245–313) Noricum split into two provinces:Noricum ripense( "Noricum along the river", the northern part southward from the Danube), andNoricum mediterraneum( "landlocked Noricum", the district south of theAlpine crest). Teurnia became the administrative seat of the latter, as well as anEarly Christianepiscopal see.

As the Roman Empire declined in the 5th century AD, the Noricum region was exposed to recurring campaigns ofGermanictribes, whereupon the population retired to hilltop settlements. In 408Visigothtroops under KingAlaric Ientered Noricum from Italy across theCarnic Alpsand allied with the Roman commanderStilicho,who as a result was deposed and executed for high treason (August 408). From 472OstrogothandAlemannicforces campaigned in Noricum, which became a province ofOdoacer'sKingdom of Italyin 476 and of theOstrogothic Kingdomfrom 493. On the death of KingTheoderic the Greatin 526, the Italian kingdom finally collapsed and the East RomanByzantineempire underJustinian Itemporarily conquered the Noricum region in the course of theGothic Warof 535 to 554.

Carantania

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Main article:Carantania
Prince's Stone, exhibited at theLandhausKlagenfurt

From 591 onwards, theFrankishkingTheudebert Itried to break into the former Noricum region, andBavariansettlers entered the area from thePuster Valleyin the west. They were however repulsed bySlavictribes, who, beset byAvarhorsemen moved into present-day Carinthia from the east. About 600 the Slavic principality ofCarantaniaarose, stretching along the valleys of theDrava,MurandSavarivers. The remaining Celto-Roman population was largely assimilated, jointly challenging Avar and Frankish advance. The nameCarontaniwas first mentioned about 700; the lands ofCarantanumwere documented by the chroniclerPaul the Deacon(d. 799). The principality was again centered on the historic Zollfeld valley, where thePrince's Stonebears witness to the ritual of the investiture of the Carantanian rulers exclusively in Slovene.

While the Carantanian rulers initially joined the tribal union ofSamo's Empire,PrinceBoruthturned to DukeOdiloofBavariain around 743 to ask for support against the Avar invaders. Aid was granted, however at the price of Bavarian overlordship. The Carantanian principality became part of the Bavarianstem duchy,while the area wasChristianisedfor the second time by missionaries from theSalzburg diocese.BishopVergiliushad Prince Boruth's son Cacatius and his nephew Cheitmar brought up in the Christian faith. In 767, at their request, the bishop sentModestusto Carantania as avicarand had churches built at Teurnia andMaria Saal.Upon a pagan uprising in 772, the forces of Odilo's son DukeTassilo III of Bavariaagain subdued the Carantanian lands.

In 788, Duke Tassilo III was finally deposed by the Frankish kingCharlemagne,and his territories were incorporated into theCarolingian Empire.By the 843Treaty of Verdun,the former Carantanian lands fell to the kingdom ofEast Franciaruled by Charlemagne's grandsonLouis the German.The ritual of installation of the Carantanian dukes at the Prince's Stone near Karnburg in Slovenian was preserved until 1414, whenErnest the Ironwas enthroned as Duke of Carinthia.

Duchy of Carinthia

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See also:March of CarinthiaandDuchy of Carinthia

TheMarch of Carinthiaarose in 889 from the territory bequeathed by Louis's sonCarloman,king ofBavariafrom 865 to 880, to his natural sonArnulf of Carinthia.Arnulf had already assumed the title of a Carinthian duke in 880 and followed his uncleCharles the Fatas King of East Francia in 887. TheDuchy of Carinthiawas finally split from the vast Bavarian duchy in 976 byEmperor Otto II,having come out victorious from his quarrels with DukeHenry II the Wrangler.Carinthia, therefore, was the first newly created duchy of theHoly Roman Empireand for a short while comprised lands stretching from theAdriatic Seaalmost to theDanube.In 1040, theMarch of Carniolawas separated from it, and c. 1180 Styria, the Carinthian March, became a duchy in its own right. After the death of DukeHenry VI of Gorizia-Tyrolin 1335, Carinthia passed to the Habsburg brothers Albrecht II. andOtto IV,and was ruled by this dynasty until 1918. After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Carinthia was incorporated in theAustrian Empire'sKingdom of Illyriawhich succeeded Napoleon'sIllyrian Provinces,but recovered its previous status in 1849 and in 1867 became one of theCisleithaniancrown landsofAustria-Hungary.

Formation of the state

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War memorialcommemorating soldiers from the village ofObermillstattwho died in World War I

In late 1918, the breakup of the Habsburg monarchy was imminent, and on 21 October 1918 the members of theReichsratfor the German-speaking territories of Austria met in Vienna to constitute a "Provisional National Council forGerman-Austria".Before the meeting, the delegates agreed that German-Austria should not include" Yugoslav areas of settlement ", which referred toLower Styriaand the two Slovene-speaking Carinthian valleys south of theKarawankenrange, Seeland (Slovenian: Jezersko) andMießtal(MežaValley). On 12 Nov. 1918, when the Act concerning the foundation of the State of German-Austria was formally passed by the Provisional National Assembly in Vienna this was worded by the State Chancellor,Karl Renner,"...to encounter the prejudices of the world as though we wanted to annex alien national property"[7]The day before, on 11 Nov. 1918 the Provisional Diet of Carinthia had formally declared Carinthia's accession to the State of German-Austria.[8]The Federal Act concerning the Extent, the Borders and the Relations of the State Territories of 22 Nov. 1918 then clearly stated in article 1: "...the duchies of Styria and Carinthia with the exclusion of the homogenous Yugoslav areas of settlement".[9]Apart from one Social-Democrat, Florian Gröger, all the other delegates from Carinthia—Hans Hofer, Jakob Lutschounig, Josef Nagele, Alois Pirker, Leopold Pongratz, Otto Steinwender, Viktor Waldner—were members of German national parties and organizations.[10]

Disputed frontiers

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See also:1920 Carinthian plebiscite
Road bridge across theFerlachreservoir of theDravaRiver at Unterschlossberg, Koettmannsdorf, Klagenfurt, Carinthia, Austria

After the end of theWorld War I,however, Carinthia became a contested region. On 5 November 1918, the first armed militia units led by the Slovene volunteerFranjo Malgajinvaded Carinthia and were then joined by Slovene troops underRudolf Maister.With the subsequent assistance of the regular Yugoslav army, they occupied southern Carinthia claiming the area for theKingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes(Kraljevina Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca,or SHS) also known asYugoslavia.The provisional state government of Carinthia had fled toSpittal an der Drauand given the ongoing fighting between local volunteers and invaders on 5 December decided to declare armed resistance. The resistance encountered by the Yugoslav forces especially north of theDravaRiver around the town ofVölkermarktwith its violent fighting alarmed the victoriousAlliesat theParis Peace Conference.

An Allied Commission headed by U.S. Lt.Col.Sherman Milesinspected the situation in situ and recommended the Karawanken main ridge as a natural border to keep the Klagenfurt basin intact but, in agreement with item no. 10 ofWoodrow Wilson'sFourteen Points,suggested a referendum in the disputed area. An armistice was agreed upon on 14 January and by 7 May 1919 the Yugoslav forces had left the state, but Slovene troops underRudolf Maisterreturned to occupying Klagenfurt on 6 June. Upon the intervention of the Allied Supreme Council in Paris, they retreated from the city but remained in the disputed part of Carinthia until 13 September 1920.

In theTreaty of Saint-Germainof 10 September 1919, the two smaller Slovene-speaking Carinthian valleys south of theKarawankenrange,Jezerskoand theMežaValley, together with the town ofDravograd—together 128 square miles[11]or 331 km2(127.80 sq mi)—were attached to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as theKingdom of Yugoslavia): These areas are today part ofSlovene Carinthia.The Canale Valley (German:Kanaltal,Italian:Val Canale) as far south asPontebba,at that time an ethnically mixed German–Slovene area,[citation needed]with the border town ofTarvisio(German:Tarvis,Slovene:Trbiž) and its holy place of pilgrimage of Maria Luschari (Slovene:Svete Višarje) (172 square miles[11]or 445 km2), was ceded toItalyand included in theProvince of Udine.

According to the same treaty, areferendumwas to be held in southern Carinthia as suggested by the Allied Commission, which was to determine whether the area claimed by the SHS-State was to remain part of Austria or go to Yugoslavia. Much of southern Carinthia was divided into two zones. Zone A was formed out of predominantly Slovene-inhabited zones (approximately corresponding to today'sDistrict of Völkermarkt,the district ofKlagenfurt-Landsouth of lakeWörthersee,and the south-eastern part of the present district ofVillach-Land), while Zone B included the City of Klagenfurt,Velden am Wörtherseeand the immediately surrounding rural areas where German speakers formed a vast majority. If the population in Zone A had decided for Yugoslavia, another referendum in Zone B would have followed. On 10 October 1920, theCarinthian Plebiscitewas held in Zone A, with almost 60% of the population voting to remain in Austria, which means that about 40% of the Slovene-speaking population must have voted against a division of Carinthia. Given the close supervision of the referendum by foreign observers, as well as the Yugoslav occupation of the area until four weeks before the referendum, irregularities alleged by the deeply disappointed Yugoslav supporters would not have substantially altered the overall decision. Yet, after the plebiscite, the SHS-State again made attempts to occupy the area, but owing to demarches by the United Kingdom, France, and Italy it removed its troops from Austria so that, by 22 November 1920, the State Diet of Carinthia was at last able to exercise its sovereignty over the entire state.[12]

After World War I to present

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Flag of Carinthia with the coat of arms

Originally an agrarian country, Carinthia made efforts to establish a touristic infrastructure such as theGrossglockner High Alpine RoadandKlagenfurt Airportas well as the opening up of theAlpsthrough theAustrian Alpine Clubin the 1920s. It was, however, hard hit by theGreat Depressionaround 1930, which pushed thepolitical systemin Austria more and more towardsextremism.This phenomenon culminated at first in the years ofAustrofascismand then in 1938 in theannexationof Austria byNazi Germany(Anschluss). At the same time the Nazi Party took power everywhere in Carinthia, which became, together withEast Tyrol,aReichsgau,andNazileaders such asFranz Kutschera,Hubert Klausner,andFriedrich Rainerheld the office ofGauleiterandReichsstatthalter.

DuringWorld War II,Slovene Partisanresistance was active in the southern areas of the region, reaching around 3,000 armed men. The cities ofKlagenfurtandVillachsuffered fromair raids,but theAlliedforces did not reach Carinthia beforeMay 8, 1945.Toward the end of the war, Gauleiter Rainer tried to implement a Nazi plan for Carinthia to become part of the projected Nazi national redoubt, theAlpenfestung;these efforts failed and the forces under Rainer's control surrendered to the forces of theBritish Army.Once again at the end of World War II, Yugoslav troops occupied parts of Carinthia, including the capital city of Klagenfurt, but were soon forced to withdraw by the British forces with the consent of theSoviet Union.

Carinthia, East Tyrol, and Styria then formed the UK occupation zone ofAllied-administered Austria.The area was witness to theturnover of German-allied Cossacks to the Red Armyin 1945. The Allied occupation was terminated in 1955 by theAustrian State Treaty,which restored Austria's sovereignty. The relations between the German- and the Slovene-speaking Carinthians remained somewhat problematic. Divergent views over the implementation of minority protection rights guaranteed by Article 7 of the Austrian State Treaty have created numerous tensions between the two groups in the past fifty years.[when?]

Demographics

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Historical population
YearPop.±%
1869315,397—
1880324,857+3.0%
1890337,013+3.7%
1900343,531+1.9%
1910371,372+8.1%
1923371,227−0.0%
1934405,129+9.1%
1939416,268+2.7%
1951474,764+14.1%
1961495,226+4.3%
1971526,759+6.4%
1981536,179+1.8%
1991547,798+2.2%
2001559,404+2.1%
2011556,173−0.6%
2021564,328+1.5%
Source: Censuses[13]

The largest part of Carinthia's population settles in theKlagenfurt BasinbetweenVillachandKlagenfurt.In 2008, the proportion of the population with a migration background in Carinthia was 9.3% of the total population, about half the Austrian figure of 17.5%.[14]By 2020, the proportion of the population with a migration background in Carinthia had risen to 14.5%, yet this figure remains lower than the Austrian average, where close to a quarter of the population has a migration background.[15]

The majority of Carinthia's population is today German-speaking. In the south of the province (mainly in the districts ofVillach-LandKlagenfurt-LandandVölkermarkt) live Carinthian Slovenes where they speakSloveneand are recognized as an autochthonous ethnic minority. The discussion about ethnic group rights (e.g. bilingual place-name signs) can be very emotional and the rights of Slovenes in Carinthia are still not fully implemented.

Population development

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The historical population is given in the following chart:

Administrative divisions

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The state is divided into eight rural and two urbandistricts(Bezirke), the latter being thestatutory cities(Statutarstädte) of Klagenfurt and Villach. There are 132municipalities,of which 17 are incorporated astownsand 40 are of the lessermarket towns(Marktgemeinden) status.

Districts of Carinthia

Statutory cities

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Rural districts

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Politics

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KlagenfurtLandhaus,seat of the Carinthian Landtag

The state assemblyKärntnerLandtag,( "Carinthian State Diet" ), is aunicamerallegislature.Its 36 members are elected fromparty listsaccording to the principle ofproportional representationand serve five-year terms, with elections held every five years. Austrian nationals over the age of 16 residing in Carinthia are eligible to vote. TheLandtaghas athresholdof 5%.

The most recent election, the2023 Carinthian state election,was held on 5 March 2023. TheSPÖ,the party of the incumbent governorPeter Kaiser,won a plurality of the vote at 38.9%, giving them a plurality of seats. This makes Carinthia one of only 3 regions of Austria not to have an ÖVP-led government (alongsideViennaandBurgenland), although the ÖVP is the junior coalition member in Kaiser's government.

The legislature also elects the state government, composed of aminister-presidentor Governor, whose ancient title isLandeshauptmann( "State Captain" ), his two deputies, and further fourLandesräteministers. The members of thecabinetused to form an all-party government elected under a system of proportional representation based on the number of representatives of the political parties in theLandtagin a system known asProporz,however this system was abolished in Carinthia in 2017.[16]

Economy

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TheGross domestic product(GDP) of the state was 20.9 billion € in 2018, accounting for 5.4% of Austria's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was €33,000 or 110% of the EU27 average in the same year.[17]

Language

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Germanis the official language.[18]

The people are predominantly German-speaking with a unique (and easily recognizable)Southern Austro-Bavariandialecttypical of which is that all short German vowels before double consonants have been lengthened ( "Carinthian vowel stretching" ).[citation needed]

ASlovene-speaking minority, known as theCarinthian Slovenes,is concentrated in the southern and southeastern parts of the state. Its size cannot be determined precisely because the representatives of the ethnic group reject a count.[citation needed]Recommendations for a boycott of the 2001 census, which asked for the language used in everyday communication, reduced the count of Slovene speakers to 12,554 people, 2.38% of a total population of 527,333.[19]

Tourist attractions

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Gurk Cathedral

Major sights include the cities ofKlagenfurtandVillachand medieval towns likeFriesachorGmünd.Carinthia features numerous monasteries and churches such as the RomanesqueGurk CathedralorMaria Saalin theZollfeld plain,the abbeys ofSt. Paul's,Ossiach,Millstatt,andViktringas well as castles and palaces like large-scaleHochosterwitz,Griffen,orPorcia.

Scenic highlights are the main bathing lakesWörthersee,Millstätter See,Ossiacher SeeandFaaker Seeas well as a variety of smaller lakes and ponds. In winter Carinthia offersski resortssuch as theNassfeldnear Hermagor,Gerlitzenmountain,Bad Kleinkirchheim,Flattach,andHeiligenblutat Austria's highest mountain, theGrossglockneras well as theHohe TauernandNock Mountainsnational parksfor all kind of alpine sports andmountaineering.

Culture

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Customs and traditions

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One of many customs that still subsists all over Carinthia are Kirchtage, a traditional type offair.The most famous isVillacher KirchtaginVillach,which was first held in 1936 and is very popular among locals and tourists.

Museums

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The museums in Carinthia include theCarinthian State Museumwith its locations in Klagenfurt, theMaria Saal open-air museum,theMagdalensberg Archaeological Park,and theTeurnia Roman Museum.One of the most important city museums is theCity Museum of Villach,which documents, among other things, the life story of its temporary citizenParacelsus.

Literature

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Carinthia has produced several internationally renowned writers in recent decades. In the early 20th century,Robert Musil,Josef Friedrich Perkonig, Dolores Vie sắc r, and Gerhart Ellert gained some notoriety.

After the Second World War, the poetsIngeborg Bachmann,Michael Guttenbrunner, andChristine Lavantfirst came to the fore. They were followed byPeter Handke,Gert Jonke, Josef Winkler, andPeter Turrini.Among other things, they took a very critical look at their homeland, like Josef Winkler in his trilogy "Das wilde Kärnten". Other important representatives of Carinthian literature include Janko Messner, Janko Ferk,Lydia Mischkulnig,Werner Kofler, Antonio Fian, and Florjan Lipus.

The most important publishers are Johannes Heyn, Carinthia, and the Carinthian printing and publishing company. Slovenian literature is primarily promoted by the Carinthian publishers Mohorjeva/Hermagoras, Drava, and the Wieser-Verlag founded by Lojze Wieser.

The most important literary event in Carinthia is the Days of German-language Literature in Klagenfurt, during which theIngeborg Bachmann Prizeis awarded, which has been held annually since 1977 and particularly supports younger authors. The Ingeborg Bachmann Prize is one of the most important literary awards in the German-speaking world.

Fine Arts

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In the early 20th century, the Nötsch circle was active with the painters Sebastian Isepp, Franz Wiegele, Anton Kolig, and Anton Mahringer with its European orientation. The painter Herbert Boeckl was only loosely associated with the circle. An art-political controversy was the dispute over the Kolig frescoes in the Klagenfurt country house from 1931, which ended in the removal of the frescoes in 1938. In terms of architecture, Gustav Gugitz, the builder of the State Museum, should be mentioned, while the Wörthersee architecture with the villas and hotels is primarily characterized by Viennese architects. Switbert Lobisser is known for his woodcuts. Werner Berg made woodcuts and paintings, especially of his adoptive home in Bleiburg.

After 1945,Maria Lassnig,Hans Staudacher, and Hans Bischoffshausen initiated a radical new beginning. Important sites were and are the Carinthian Art Association, the Hildebrand Gallery, the Nötscher-Kreis-Museum, and the Museum of Modern Art Carinthia, which opened in 2003. Two high-profile "art scandals" were the frescoes by Giselbert Hoke in Klagenfurt main station in 1950 and the redesign of the meeting room in the country house in 1998 by Anton Kolig's grandson, Cornelius Kolig.

A fountain designed byKiki Kogelnikstands near the country house. Other visual artists are Valentin Oman, Bruno Gironcoli, Meina Schellander, and Karl Brandstätter. In Carinthia, the architect Günther Domenig designed the Steinhaus am Ossiacher See, the building for the state exhibition in Hüttenberg and the extension for the Klagenfurt city theater.

Notable people

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Born in Carinthia

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Died in Carinthia

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See also

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References

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Notes

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  1. ^"Geographische Werte – Marktgemeinde Lavamünd".
  2. ^"Basisdaten Bundesländer"(PDF).Retrieved2023-09-01.
  3. ^"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab".hdi.globaldatalab.org.Retrieved2018-09-13.
  4. ^Simoniti Vasko, Štih Peter (1996):Slovenska zgodovina do razsvetljenstva.Celovec, Mohorjeva družba in Korotan.
  5. ^"Home > Carinthia at first sight > History".ktn.gv.at.Retrieved2015-10-04.
  6. ^France Bezlaj,Etimološki slovar slovenskega jezika(SlovenianEtymological Dictionary). Vol. 2: K–O / edited by Bogomil Gerlanc. – 1982. p. 68. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, 1976–2005.
  7. ^[1]Minutes of the Third Session of the Provisional National Assembly of German-Austria on 12 Nov. 1918], in: Austrian National Library,Minutes of the Parliamentary Sessions,p. 66
  8. ^Kurze Geschichte Kärntens,in:Deutschösterreich, du herrliches Land. 90 Jahre Konstituierung der Provisorischen Nationalversammlung. Broschüre zum Festakt der österreichischen LandtagspräsidentInnen am 20. Oktober 2008,p.24
  9. ^Bill by the State Council, Appendix No. 3 PDF
  10. ^"Niederösterreichischer Landtag".noe-landtag.gv.at.
  11. ^ab”Kärnten ". Encyclopædia Britannica. Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago 2010.
  12. ^Claudia Fräss-Ehrfeld,Geschichte Kärntens 1918-1920. Abwehrkampf-Volksabstimmung-Identitätssuche,Klagenfurt: Johannes Heyn 2000.ISBN3-85366-954-9
  13. ^"Historic Censuses - STATISTICS AUSTRIA".Statistics Austria.
  14. ^Statistik Austria, Österreichischer Städtebund:Österreichs Städte in Zahlen 2009.Statistik Austria, Wien 2009
  15. ^"Österreich - Migrationshintergrund Bundesland 2020".Statista(in German).Retrieved2022-01-26.
  16. ^"Kärnten schafft den Proporz ab"[Carinthia abolishes Proporz].Die Presse(in German). 2017-07-11.Retrieved2024-11-09.
  17. ^"Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018".Eurostat.
  18. ^"Kärntner Landesverfassung -K-LVG"(PDF).
  19. ^"Bevölkerung mit österreichischer Staatsbürgerschaft nach Umgangssprache seit 1971"(in German). Statistik Austria. Archived fromthe originalon 2009-06-20.Retrieved2009-04-13.
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46°45′40″N13°49′08″E/ 46.761°N 13.819°E/46.761; 13.819

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