Ellen Naomi Cohen(September 19, 1941 – July 29, 1974), known professionally asCass Elliot,was an American singer. She was also known as "Mama Cass",a name she reportedly disliked.[2]Elliot was a member of the singing groupthe Mamas & the Papas.After the group broke up, she released five solo albums. Elliot received theGrammy Award for Best Contemporary (R&R) Performancefor "Monday, Monday" (1967). In 1998, she was posthumously inducted into theRock and Roll Hall of Famefor her work with the Mamas & the Papas.[3]
Cass Elliot | |
|---|---|
 Elliot in 1972, for her albumCass Elliot | |
| Born | Ellen Naomi Cohen September 19, 1941 Baltimore,Maryland, U.S. |
| Died | July 29, 1974(aged 32) |
| Resting place | Mount Sinai Memorial Park Cemeteryin Los Angeles |
| Other names | Mama Cass, the Queen of Laurel Canyon[1] |
| Education | American University |
| Occupations |
|
| Spouses |
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| Children | 1 |
| Relatives | Leah Kunkel(sister) |
| Musical career | |
| Genres | |
| Instrument | Vocals |
| Years active | 1959–1974 |
| Labels | |
| Formerly of |
|
| Website | casselliot |
| Signature | |
 | |
Early life and education
editEllen Naomi Cohen was born inBaltimore, Maryland,on September 19, 1941, the daughter of Philip (died 1962) and Bess Cohen (née Levine; 1915–1994).[4]All four of her grandparents were Russian-Jewish immigrants. Her family was subject to significant financial stresses and uncertainties during her childhood years. Her father, involved in several business ventures, ultimately succeeded through the development of alunch wagonin Baltimore that provided meals to construction workers.[5]Her mother was a trained nurse.[6]Elliot had a brother, Joseph, and a younger sister,Leah,who also became a singer and recording artist. Elliot's early life was spent with her family inAlexandria, Virginia,and when she was 15, the family moved to Baltimore, where they had briefly lived at the time of Elliot's birth.[7]
Elliot adopted the name "Cass" in high school. She assumed the surname "Elliot" some time later, in memory of a friend who had died. While in Alexandria, she attendedGeorge Washington High School.[8][9]When Elliot's family returned to Baltimore, she attendedForest Park High School.[10]While attending Forest Park High School, Elliot became interested in acting. She won a small part in the playThe Boy Friend,asummer stockproduction at theHilltop Theatrein Owings Mills, Maryland[11]in 1959 under the name Ellen Cohen.[12]She left high school shortly before graduation and moved to New York City to further her acting career (as recounted in the lyrics to "Creeque Alley").
Career
edit1962–1964: Early career
editAfter leaving high school to pursue an entertainment career in New York, Elliot toured in the musicalThe Music Manin 1962 under the name Cass Elliot,[13]but lost the part of Miss Marmelstein inI Can Get It for You WholesaletoBarbra Streisand.Elliot sometimes sang while working as a cloakroom attendant at The Showplace inGreenwich Village,but she did not pursue a singing career until she moved to the Washington, DC, area to attendAmerican University(notSwarthmore Collegeas mentioned in the biographical song "Creeque Alley" ).
America's folk music scene was on the rise when Elliot met banjoist and singerTim Roseand singer John Brown, and the three began performing as the Triumvirate. In 1963,James Hendricksreplaced Brown, and the trio was renamedthe Big 3.Elliot's first recording with the Big 3 was "Winken, Blinken, and Nod", released byFM Recordsin 1963. In 1964, the group appeared on an "open mic" night atThe Bitter Endin Greenwich Village, billed as Cass Elliot and the Big 3, followed onstage by folk singer Jim Fosso andbluegrassbanjoistEric Weissberg.
Tim Rose left the Big 3 in 1964, and Elliot and Hendricks teamed with CanadiansZal YanovskyandDenny Dohertyto formthe Mugwumps.This group lasted eight months, after which Cass performed as a solo act for a while. In the meantime, Yanovsky andJohn Sebastianco-foundedthe Lovin' Spoonful,while Doherty joinedthe New Journeymen,a group that also includedJohn Phillipsand his wifeMichelle.In 1965, Doherty persuaded Phillips that Elliot should join the group, which she did while the group members and she were vacationing in the Virgin Islands.
A popular legend about Elliot is that her vocal range was improved by three notes after she was hit on the head by some copper tubing while walking through a construction site behind the bar where the New Journeymen were playing in the Virgin Islands. Elliot confirmed the story in a 1968 interview withRolling Stone,saying:
It's true, I did get hit on the head by a pipe that fell down and my range was increased by three notes. They were tearing this club apart in the islands, revamping it, putting in a dance floor. Workmen dropped a thin metal plumbing pipe and it hit me on the head and knocked me to the ground. I had a concussion and went to the hospital. I had a bad headache for about two weeks and all of a sudden I was singing higher. It's true. Honest to God.[14]
Friends later said that the pipe story was a less embarrassing explanation for why John Phillips had kept her out of the group for so long, because he considered her too fat.[15]
1965–1968: The Mamas & the Papas
editWith two female members, the New Journeymen needed a new name and they agreed onthe Mamas & the Papas.The group lasted from 1965 to 1968. According to Doherty, as written in his website, Elliot had the inspiration for the band's new name. Doherty also said that the occasion marked the beginning of his affair with Michelle Phillips. Elliot was in love with Doherty and was displeased when he told her of the affair. Doherty has said that Elliot once proposed to him, but that he was so stoned at the time that he could not even respond.
"We're all just lying around vegging out watching TV and discussing names for the group. The New Journeymen was not a handle that was going to hang on this outfit. John was pushing for the Magic Cyrcle. Eech, but none of us could come up with anything better, then we switch the channel and, hey, it's theHells Angelson theCarson show... And the first thing we hear is: 'Now hold on there, Hoss. Some people call our women cheap, but we just call them our Mamas.' Cass jumped up: 'Yeah! I want to be a Mama.' And Michelle is going: 'We're the Mamas! We're the Mamas!' OK. I look at John. He's looking at me going: 'The Papas?' Problem solved. A toast! To the Mamas and the Papas. Well, after many, many toasts, Cass and John are passed out. "
— Denny Doherty[16]
Elliot was known for her sense of humor and optimism, and was considered by many to be the most charismatic member of the group. Her powerful, distinctive voice was a major factor in their string of hits, including "California Dreamin'","Monday, Monday",and"Words of Love".She also performed the solo"Dream a Little Dream of Me"(credited on the label of the single as 'Featuring Mama Cass with the Mamas and the Papas'), which the group recorded in 1968 after learning about the death ofFabian Andre,one of the men who co-wrote it, whom Michelle Phillips had met years earlier. Elliot's version is noteworthy for its contemplative pace, whereas many earlier recordings of "Dream a Little Dream of Me" (including one byNat King Coleand another byOzzie Nelson) had been up-tempo versions—the song having been written in 1931 as a dance tune. The Mamas and the Papas continued to record to meet the terms of their record contract until 1971.
1968–1973: Solo career
editAfter the breakup of the Mamas and the Papas, Elliot embarked on a solo singing career. Her most successful recording during this period was 1968's "Dream a Little Dream of Me"fromher solo album of the same name,released byDunhill Records,though it had originally been released earlier that year on the albumThe Papas & The Mamas.
Las Vegas show
In October 1968, Elliot made her live solo debut headlining in Las Vegas atCaesars Palace,scheduled for a three-week engagement at $40,000 per week with two shows per night.[17]According to Elliot, she went on a six-month crash diet before the show, losing 100 of her 300 pounds. However, she attributed a stomach ulcer and throat problems to her severe regimen, which she treated by drinking milk and cream—rapidly regaining 50 pounds in the process.[18]
She was confined to her bed for three weeks before the first performance while the musical director, band, and production supervisor attempted to put together a show in her absence. She was scheduled to rehearse for a full three days before the show opened, but she managed to get through only part of one run-through with the band before saying that she was losing her voice. She skipped the remainder of rehearsals and drank tea and lemon, hoping to recover and pull herself together for opening night.[19]
An audience of 950 people filled the Circus Maximus theater at Caesar's Palace on the evening of Wednesday, October 16, includingSammy Davis Jr.,Peter Lawford,Jimi Hendrix,Joan Baez,Liza Minnelli,andMia Farrow,who had sent flowers to Elliot's dressing room, but backstage she had developed a raging fever. Friends urged her manager to cancel the show, but she felt that it was too important and insisted on performing. Sick and having barely rehearsed, she began to fall apart during the course of her first performance; her voice was weak and barely audible, and the large crowd was unsympathetic, despite the celebrity well-wishers. At the end of the show, Elliot returned to the stage to apologize to the audience; "This is the first night, and it will get better", she said. She then sang "Dream a Little Dream of Me" and left the stage as the audience applauded half-heartedly. She returned later that night to perform the second show, but her voice was worse, and many of the audience noisily walked out.[20]
Reviews were harsh.Esquiremagazine called the show "Sink Along with Cass" and "a disaster" that was "heroic in proportion, epic in scope".[17]TheLos Angeles Free Presscalled it "an embarrassing drag", whileNewsweekcompared it to theTitanicdisaster:"Like some great ocean liner embarking on an ill-fated maiden voyage, Mama Cass slid down the waves and sank to the bottom". The show closed after only one night, and Elliot flew back to Los Angeles for what was described as "a tonsillectomy".[19]
Within hours of the end of Elliot's Las Vegas concert, rumors began to spread that she had been taking drugs during the weeks leading up to it. Eddi Fiegel wrote in the biographyDream a Little Dream of Methat Elliot later admitted to a boyfriend that she had injected heroin immediately before going on stage. Embarrassed by the debacle, Elliot plunged into a deep depression.[19]
Later work
Elliot appeared in two television variety specials:The Mama Cass Television Program(ABC, 1969) andDon't Call Me Mama Anymore(CBS, 1973). She was a regular guest on TV talk shows and variety shows in the early 1970s, includingThe Mike Douglas Show,The Andy Williams Show,Hollywood Squares,The Johnny Cash Show,TheRay StevensShow,The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour,andThe Carol Burnett Show,and was a guest panelist for a week on the game showMatch Game '73.She guest-hosted forJohnny CarsononThe Tonight Showand appeared as a guest on the show 13 other times. She also appeared on and co-hostedThe Music Sceneon ABC and was featured on the firstThe Midnight Specialon NBC.
Elliot performed the title song "The Good Times Are Comin'"during the opening sequence of the 1970 filmMonte Walsh,starringLee MarvinandJack Palance.In 1970, Elliot was signed toRCA Records;her first album for RCA,Cass Elliot,was issued in January, 1972. Also in 1972, she made three appearances on the variety seriesThe Julie Andrews Hour.Her final appearance on the show was the Christmas installment that aired on Wednesday, December 20, 1972. In December 1978, four years after Elliot's death, the episode was rebroadcast on syndicated stations as a Christmas special titledMerry Christmas with Love, Julie.However, all of Elliot's solos were deleted from the syndicated edit. In 2009, a complete videotape ofThe Julie Andrews Hour Christmas Showwas donated toThe Paley Center For Mediain New York, with all of Elliot's numbers intact.
In 1973, Elliot performed inSaga of Sonora,a TV music-comedy-Western special withJill St. John,Vince Edwards,Zero Mostel,andLesley Ann Warren.She also sang the jingle "Hurry on down to Hardee's, where the burgers are charco-broiled" forHardee'sadvertisements.[21]Throughout the early 1970s, Elliot continued her acting career, as well. She had a featured role in the moviePufnstuf(1970) and made guest appearances on TV'sThe New Scooby-Doo Movies;Young Dr. Kildare;Love, American Style;andThe Red Skelton Show;among others.
In 1973, Elliot hired as her managerAllan Carr,who was also managing the careers ofTony Curtis,Ann-Margret,andPeter Sellers.Carr felt Elliot needed to leave pop and rock music and head into the cabaret circuit, so a show was put together comprising old standards along with a few new songs written for her by friends. The act included Elliot and two male singers who served as backup singers and sidekicks during the musical numbers. The title of the show wasDon't Call Me Mama Anymore,named after one of the songs written by Elliot's friend Earle Brown. The song was born out of Elliot's frustration with being identified as "Mama Cass". The show debuted in Pittsburgh on February 9, 1973. Elliot felt ready to tackle Las Vegas once again and premiered at theFlamingo.This time, she received rave reviews.The Las Vegas Sunwrote, "Cass Elliot, making a strong point that she is no longer Mama Cass, has a good act serving notice that she is here to stay. The audience was with her all the way... no empty seats anywhere." She then took her act to higher-echelon casinos and swankier nightclubs in cities throughout the country.
Elliot provided the voice for her appearance on the 1973 episode ofThe New Scooby-Doo Movies,"The Haunted Candy Factory". She also appeared onScooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporatedin the episodes "The Secret Serum", "Pawn of Shadows", and "Dance of the Undead" as a Crystal Cove citizen.
The city of Baltimore dedicated August 15, 1973, as "Cass Elliot Day" in her honor for her homecoming.[22]
Final performances, death, and funeral
edit
On April 22, 1974, Elliot collapsed in the California television studio ofThe Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carsonimmediately before her scheduled appearance on the show. She was treated at a hospital and released, then dismissed the incident as simple exhaustion in interviews and in the conversation she had with Carson during her May 7 visit to his show’s studio where she made it through the telecast.[23]
Soon after Elliot videotaped an appearance on the syndicatedMike Douglas Show,which originated fromPhiladelphia,she began two weeks of solo concerts at theLondon Palladium.[24]She felt elated by the standing ovation she received on the last night of the engagement, which was Saturday night, July 27. She made an international phone call to Michelle Phillips, during which Elliot cried from happiness over her success at the Palladium, as Phillips has stated in numerous interviews. Elliot began a 24-hour celebration. She first attended the 31st birthday party ofMick Jaggerat his home on Tite Street in Chelsea, London.[25]After the party, Elliot went to a brunch in her honor presented byGeorgia Brown.While there, according to biographer Eddi Fiegel, Elliot was blowing her nose frequently, coughing and having trouble breathing.[26]Next she attended a cocktail party hosted by American entertainment journalist Jack Martin. She seemed in high spirits but also appeared physically exhausted and sick.[26]Elliot left that party at 8:00 p.m. on Sunday, July 28, saying she was tired and needed to get some sleep.[25]
Elliot retired to an apartment inMayfairat Flat 12, 9Curzon Place(later Curzon Square),Shepherd Market,Mayfair, London, owned by singer-songwriterHarry Nilssonwho allowed her to stay there. Later that night, several hours after Elliot left Jack Martin's cocktail party, she died in her sleep at age 32. Her body was discovered by a close friend of hers who went to check on her. According toKeith Simpson,who conducted her autopsy,[25]she died of a heart attack, and there were no drugs in her system.[27][28][29]Four years later,Keith Moon,drummer forThe Who,died in the same bedroom, also aged 32 years.[30][31][32]
Elliot did not die from choking on a ham sandwich, as has been alleged.[33][34]According to Lindsay Zoladz inThe New York Timesin 2024, this "cartoonish rumor—propagated in endless pop culture references, fromAustin PowerstoLost—cast a tawdry light over Elliot’s legacy and still threatens to overshadow her mighty, underappreciated talent. "[35]In 2020, a journalist and friend of Elliot's, Sue Cameron, publicly admitted that she promulgated the false ham sandwich story by writing it into Elliot's obituary forThe Hollywood Reporter.She claimed she was asked to print the lie by Elliot's managerAllan Carr,who decided that the humiliating falsehood was preferable to any implication that Elliot's death was associated with substance abuse.[35]
Elliot's body was cremated at theHollywood Forever CemeteryinLos Angeles, California.[36]Her ashes were later buried inMount Sinai Memorial Park Cemeteryin Los Angeles.[37]
Personal life
editMarriages and family
edit
Elliot was married twice, the first time in 1963 toJim Hendricks,her groupmate in the Big 3 and the Mugwumps. It was amarriage of convenienceto assist him inavoiding being draftedduring the Vietnam War;[38]the marriage was never consummated and was annulled in 1968.[39]In 1971, Elliot married journalist Donald von Wiedenman, heir to a Bavarian barony.[40][41]Their marriage ended in divorce after a few months.
Elliot gave birth to a daughter, Owen Vanessa Elliot(-Kugell),[42]on April 26, 1967. Elliot-Kugell also grew up to become a singer and toured withBeach BoysmemberAl Jardine.[43]Cass Elliot never publicly identified the father, but many years later, Michelle Phillips helped Elliot-Kugell locate her biological father,[44]Chuck Day.His paternity was not publicly revealed until his 2008 death.[45]After Elliot's death, her younger sister,Leah Kunkel(then married to Los Angeles–based session drummerRuss Kunkel), gained custody of seven-year-old Owen and raised her[46]along with her own son, Nathaniel.
Drug use
editDavid Crosbypublished a memoir in 1988 saying he used opiates and cocaine with her, preferring heroin in London because of its availability there.[47]
1967 legal issue
editIn 1967, while staying in London, Elliot was prosecuted for stealing bed linen from a hotel where she and her bandmates had stayed on an earlier visit. She denied responsibility, and the case was brought before the West London magistrates' court, where the charges against her were dismissed in the absence of any evidence. The Mamas and the Papas were forced to cancel the upcoming British concerts as a result of the incident, and the band broke up the next year.[48]On a return visit to London, Elliot admitted to the audience at theLondon Palladiumthat she had taken two sheets, saying "I liked 'em so I took 'em". She said she had kept quiet because of the way she had been treated in police custody.[49]
Awards and nominations
edit| Year | Award | Category | Project | Result | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1967 | Grammy Award | Record of the Year | Monday, Monday | Nominated | |
| Best Performance By A Vocal Group | Nominated | ||||
| Best Contemporary (R&R) Recording | Nominated | ||||
| Best Contemporary (R&R) Group Performance, Vocal Or Instrumental | Won |
Commemoration
edit
Elliot received the 2,735th star on theHollywood Walk of Fameon October 3, 2022.[51]
The British play and filmBeautiful Thingfeature her recordings, and one character reflects on her memories of Elliot.[52][53]Elliot was the subject of a 2004 stage production in Dublin,[54]The Songs of Mama Cass,with Kristin Kapelli performing main vocals. Elliot was portrayed byShannon Leein theBruce LeeBiopicDragon: The Bruce Lee Story.She was portrayed by Rachel Redleaf in the 2019 filmOnce Upon a Time in Hollywood.[55]
TheCrosby, Stills & NashDaylight Againvideo released in 1982 was dedicated to Cass Elliot as was the Crosby, Stills & NashGreatest Hitsalbum released in 2005.
The song "Mama, I Remember You Now" by Swedish artistMarit Bergmanis a tribute to Elliot.[citation needed]
Elliot's recording of "Make Your Own Kind of Music"is featured prominently in several episodes of seasonstwoandthreeofLostas well as season eight, episodes two and nine ofDexter(the later one also uses the title as the episode's title). It was also featured in ABC'sThe Middlewhen Sue Heck graduates from high school and inNetflix'sSex Educationwhen Aimee smashes up an abandoned car. Her recording of "It's Getting Better"is featured ina season-four episodeofLost.[citation needed]
Discography
edit
Albums
editThe Big 3
- 1963:The Big 3
- 1964:Live at the Recording Studio
The Mugwumps
- 1967:The Mugwumps
The Mamas and the Papas
Solo
| Year | Album | Chart Performance (US) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1968 | Dream a Little Dream | #87 | |
| 1969 | Bubblegum, Lemonade, and... Something for Mama | #91 | |
| 1969 | Make Your Own Kind of Music | #169 | Reissue ofBubblegum, Lemonade -with the hit title song added. |
| 1970 | Mama's Big Ones | #194 | |
| 1971 | Dave Mason & Cass Elliot | #49 | withDave Mason |
| 1972 | Cass Elliot | - | |
| 1972 | The Road Is No Place for a Lady | - | |
| 1973 | Don't Call Me Mama Anymore | - | Recorded Live |
"-" indicates the album did not chart or was not released in that territory.
Soundtracks
- 1970:Pufnstuf(soundtrack with Mama Cass)
- 1971: "The Costume Ball" fromDoctor's Wives
- 1996:Beautiful Thing(soundtrack with Mama Cass and the Mamas and the Papas)
Compilations
Vinyl
edit- 1967:The Big Three Featuring Mama Cass(Roulette)
- 1974:Dream a Little Dream of Me(Pickwick)
- 1975:Mama Cass(Pickwick)
Cassette
edit- 1985:Dream a Little Dream of Me(MCA)
- 1985:The Best of Mama Cass(MCA)
CD
edit- 1995:The Big 3 Featuring Mama Cass Elliot(Sequel)
- 1997:Dream a Little Dream: The Cass Elliot Collection(MCA)
- 2000:The Big 3 Featuring Mama Cass(Collectables)
- 2002:Dedicated to the One I Love(Universal)
- 2005:Dream a Little Dream of Me: The Music of Mama Cass Elliot(Universal)
- 2005:The Solo Collection 1968-71(Hip-O Select)
- 2009:Cass Elliot / The Road Is No Place For a Lady(Sony)
- 2010:Cass Elliot / The Road Is No Place For a Lady / Don't Call Me Mama Anymore(BGO)
Videos
DVD
edit- 2009:The Mama Cass Television Program(Infinity)
- 2016:The Cass Elliot Specials(TJL/Treasury Collection)
Music video
edit- 2023:Make Your Own Kind of Music
Singles
edit| Year | Single | Chart Positions | Album | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US | US AC |
CAN | CAN AC |
UK | IRE | AUS | US Cash Box Top 100 | |||
| 1968 | "Dream a Little Dream of Me" b/w "Midnight Voyage" Listed as "Mama Cass with the Mamas & the Papas" |
12 | 2 | 7 | - | 11 | 13 | 1 | 10 | A & B:The Papas & The Mamas A:Dream a Little Dream |
| "California Earthquake" b/w "Talkin' to Your Toothbrush" |
67 | - | 51 | - | - | - | 94 | 74 | Dream a Little Dream | |
| 1969 | "It's Getting Better" b/w "Who's to Blame" |
30 | 13 | 31 | 7 | 8 | 3 | 53 | 35 | Bubblegum, Lemonade, and... Something for Mama |
| "Move in a Little Closer, Baby" b/w "All for Me" (non-album track) |
58 | 32 | 55 | 19 | - | - | 34 | 59 | ||
| "Make Your Own Kind of Music" b/w "Lady Love" |
36 | 6 | 20 | 7 | - | - | 72 | 25 | Make Your Own Kind of Music | |
| 1970 | "New World Coming" b/w "Blow Me a Kiss" (fromMake Your Own Kind of Music) |
42 | 4 | 22 | 4 | - | - | - | 30 | Mama's Big Ones |
| "A Song That Never Comes" b/w "I Can Dream, Can't I"(fromMake Your Own Kind Of Music) |
99 | 25 | - | - | - | - | 71 | |||
| "The Good Times Are Coming" b/w "Welcome to the World" (fromMake Your Own Kind Of Music) |
104 | 19 | - | 8 | - | - | - | |||
| "Don't Let the Good Life Pass You By" b/w "A Song That Never Comes" |
110 | 34 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
| 1971 | "Something to Make You Happy" b/w "Next to You" Both sides withDave Mason |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | Dave Mason & Cass Elliot | |
| "Too Much Truth, Too Much Love" b/w "Walk to the Point" Both sides with Dave Mason |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
| 1972 | "Baby I'm Yours" b/w "Cherries Jubilee" |
- | - | - | 18 | - | - | - | Cass Elliot | |
| "That Song" b/w "When It Doesn't Work Out" |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
| "(If You're Gonna) Break Another Heart" b/w "Disney Girls" (fromCass Elliot) |
- | - | - | - | 54 | - | - | The Road Is No Place for a Lady | ||
| "Does Anybody Love You" b/w "The Road Is No Place for a Lady" |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
| 1973 | "I Think a Lot About You" b/w "Listen to the World" (non-album track) |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | Don't Call Me Mama Anymore | |
See also
edit
References
edit- ^"'There Was No Doubt Gertrude Stein Had Come Back to Life.'".Amontheradio.RetrievedJune 11,2021.
- ^"The Rolling Stone Interview: Cass Elliot".Rolling Stone.October 26, 1968.RetrievedOctober 6,2023.
- ^"Inductee Explorer - Rock & Roll Hall of Fame".Rockhall.RetrievedDecember 19,2017.
- ^Rasmussen, Fred (April 2, 1994)."Bess Cohen, was mother of Mama Cass".The Baltimore Sun.RetrievedMarch 27,2018.
- ^Eddi FiegelArchivedApril 9, 2017, at theWayback Machine,Dream a Little Dream of Me: The Life of 'Mama' Cass Elliott(Sidgwick & Jackson,2005;Pan Macmillan,2006), pp. 26–27.
- ^Green, David B. (July 29, 2014)."This Day in Jewish History: Singer Cass Elliot Dies".Haaretz.RetrievedMay 21,2017.
- ^Eddi FiegelArchivedApril 9, 2017, at theWayback Machine,Dream a Little Dream of Me: The Life of 'Mama' Cass Elliott(Sidgwick & Jackson, 2005; Pan Macmillan, 2006), pp. 19, 26–27.
- ^Eddi FiegelArchivedApril 9, 2017, at theWayback Machine,Dream a Little Dream of Me: The Life of 'Mama' Cass Elliott(Sidgwick & Jackson, 2005; Pan Macmillan, 2006), p. 19.
- ^"Remembering the Lizard King: Classmates Remember the Jim Morrison They Knew".Waiting-forthe-sun.net.RetrievedFebruary 6,2016.
- ^Eddi FiegelArchivedApril 9, 2017, at theWayback Machine,Dream a Little Dream of Me: The Life of 'Mama' Cass Elliott(Sidgwick & Jackson, 2005; Pan Macmillan, 2006), pp. 21–28.
- ^Eddi FiegelArchivedApril 9, 2017, at theWayback Machine,Dream a Little Dream of Me: The Life of 'Mama' Cass Elliott(Sidgwick & Jackson, 2005; Pan Macmillan, 2006), p. 35.
- ^"'Boy Friend' Held Over ".The Baltimore Sun.August 23, 1959. p. 45.
- ^"'Music Man' Marches in for Closer ".Rockland County Journal-News.August 28, 1962. p. 6.
- ^Hopkins, Jerry (October 28, 1968)."Interview: Cass Elliot"(Reprinted).Rolling Stone.No. 20. San Francisco: Straight Arrow Publishers, Inc. p. 19.Archivedfrom the original on June 18, 2014.RetrievedMay 27,2014.
- ^Mikkelson, David (November 1, 2007)."Mama Cass Hit on the Head with a Pipe".Snopes.
- ^"Dream A Little Dream: Just A-Catchin' Fire".Dennydoherty.RetrievedDecember 19,2017.
- ^ab"Sink Along With Mama Cass".Esquire. June 1969. Archived fromthe originalon December 13, 2010.
- ^"Mama Cass In Training for Night Club Re-Entry".Ocala Star Banner. December 15, 1972.
- ^abcFiegel, Eddi (September 28, 2005).Dream a Little Dream of Me: The Life of Cass Elliot.Chicago Review Press. pp.265–267.ISBN978-1-55652-588-9.
- ^Fiegel, Eddi (September 28, 2005).Dream a Little Dream of Me: The Life of Cass Elliot.Chicago Review Press. pp.267–8.ISBN978-1-55652-588-9.
- ^"Hardee's looking at return to char-broiled burgers".Augusta Chronicle.April 23, 1997. Archived fromthe originalon December 4, 2017.RetrievedMarch 13,2017.
- ^"Baltimore shows its love for Mama Cass Elliot".Tumblr.RetrievedDecember 19,2017.
- ^"JOHNNY CARSON INTERVIEW CASS ELLIOT May 7. 1974".YouTube. Archived fromthe originalon September 29, 2019.RetrievedSeptember 16,2019.
- ^Fiegel, Eddi.Dream a Little Dream.Chicago Review Press. p. 356.
- ^abcBaker, Rob (January 4, 2020)."The Death of Cass Elliot and Keith Moon at Harry Nilsson's Macabre Mayfair Flat".Flashbak.RetrievedJune 11,2021.
- ^abFiegel, Eddi.Dream a Little Dream.Chicago Review Press. p. 360.
- ^Elliot-Kugell, Owen."Biography".The Official Cass Elliot Website.Richard Barton Campbell & Owen Elliot-Kugell.RetrievedAugust 28,2016.
- ^"Cass Elliot, Pop Singer, Dies; Star of the Mamas and Papas".The New York Times.July 30, 1974.RetrievedJune 20,2008.
- ^"Cass Elliot's Death Linked to Heart Attack".The New York Times.August 6, 1974. Archived fromthe original(paid archive)on December 9, 2012.RetrievedJune 20,2008.
- ^Wilkes, Roger (February 17, 2001)."Inside story: 9 Curzon Place".The Daily Telegraph.Archived fromthe originalon June 29, 2011.RetrievedJune 29,2011.
- ^"Shepherd Market History".Shepherdmarket.co.uk. Archived fromthe originalon September 27, 2011.RetrievedSeptember 27,2011.
- ^West, Rachel (July 29, 2020)."Mama Cass Of The Mamas & The Papas Did Not Die By Choking On A Ham Sandwich, According To Obit Writer".ET Canada.Archived fromthe originalon August 4, 2020.RetrievedJuly 20,2023.;see alsohttps:// rollingstone /music/music-features/cass-elliot-owen-daughter-book-announcement-1234871278/
- ^"Mama Cass 'didn't choke to death on a ham sandwich', daughter says".BBC News.May 6, 2024.RetrievedJune 13,2024.
- ^Barton, Alex (May 6, 2024)."Mama Cass 'didn't choke to death' on ham sandwich".The Telegraph.ISSN0307-1235.RetrievedJune 13,2024.
- ^abZoladz, Lindsay (May 9, 2024)."Cass Elliot's Death Spawned a Horrible Myth. She Deserves Better".The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on May 29, 2024.RetrievedMay 9,2024.
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