Wikipedia

Catostomidae

TheCatostomidaeare thesuckersof theorderCypriniformes,with about 78 species in thisfamilyof freshwaterfishes.The Catostomidae are almost exclusively native to North America. The only exceptions areCatostomus catostomus,found in both North America and Russia, andMyxocyprinus asiaticusfound only in China. In theOzarksthey are a common food fish and a festival is held each year to celebrate them.[3]The bigmouth buffalo,Ictiobus cyprinellus,can reach an age up to 127 years,[4]making it the oldest known freshwaterteleost[5]by more than 50 years.

Catostomidae
Temporal range:Middle Eocene–recent
White sucker,Catostomus commersonii
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Suborder: Catostomoidei
Betancur-R,et al., 2017[2]
Family: Catostomidae
Agassiz,1850[1]
Genera

See text

Description and biology

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The mouths of these fish are most commonly located on the underside of their head (subterminal), with thick, fleshy lips. Most species are less than 60 cm (2.0 ft) in length, but the largest species (IctiobusandMyxocyprinus) can surpass 100 cm (3.3 ft). They are distinguished from related fish by having a longpharyngealbone in the throat, containing a single row of teeth.[6]

Catostomids are most often found in rivers, but can be found in any freshwater environment. Their food ranges from detritus and bottom-dwelling organisms (such as crustaceans and worms), to surface insects, crayfish, small terrestrial vertebrates, and other fish.

Fossil record

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Catostomidae have been uncovered and dated to theMiddle EoceneinColoradoandUtah.An enormous gap (36.2 million years) in the fossil record occurs from theLate EocenetoEarly Pleistocene.[7]

As food

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Northern hogsucker,Hypentelium nigricans

They can be taken by many fishing methods, includinganglingandgigging.Often, species such asCatostomus commersoniiandHypentelium nigricansare preferred for eating. They can be canned, smoked, or fried, but small incisions often must be made in the flesh (termed "scoring" ) before frying to allow small internal bones to be palatable.[8]Suckers were an important source of food for Indigenous Americans across the continent. Many fishing methods were employed with the most elaborate being stone fish traps constructed on spawning rivers, remnants of these traps can be seen today inAhjumawi Lava Springs State Parkwhere theAchomawipeople trappedSacramento suckers.In the west these relationships became even more important after the decline in salmon runs due to damming andhabitat destruction,some groups of native people relied on seasonal sucker runs for a significant amount of their food until the 1950s.[9]

In China there is a significantaquacultureindustry dedicated to raisingMyxocyprinus asiaticusfor food.[10]Historically they were an important component of wild fisheries on theYangtze,but the wild populations are under pressure from pollution,habitat destructionand hydroelectric dam projects.[11]

Recreational fishing

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Some Catostomidae, especially those ofIctiobusandMoxostoma,are the subject of major recreational fisheries while most are the subject of at least limited recreational fisheries. Throughout much of their range species are considered to berough fish.Suckers have historically been scapegoated for human environmental destruction and their impacts on popular fish species such asPacific salmonandsmallmouth bass.This has led to their widespread and unnecessary destruction at the hands of ignorant anglers.[12]

Subfamilies and genera

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Smallfin redhorse,Moxostoma robustum
Smallmouth buffalo,Ictiobus bubalus
Amyzon aggregatumfossil specimen

Catostomidae is classified into the following subfamiles and genera:[13][1]

The fossil genusJianghanichthyswas previously placed in the Catastomidae, but is now placed in its own family,Jianghanichthyidae.[18]

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toCatostomidae.
  1. ^abRichard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014)."Family-group names of recent fishes".Zootaxa.3882(2):1–230.doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1.PMID25543675.
  2. ^Betancur-R, R.; Wiley, E.O.; Arratia, G.; et al. (2017)."Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes".BMC Evolutionary Biology.17:162.doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3.PMC5501477.
  3. ^"Nixa Sucker Day".Retrieved23 June2013.
  4. ^Lackmann, Alec R.; Sereda, Jeff; Pollock, Mike; Bryshun, Reid; Chupik, Michelle; McCallum, Katlin; Villeneuve, James; Bielak-Lackmann, Ewelina S.; Clark, Mark E. (February 2023)."Bet-hedging bigmouth buffalo (Ictiobus cyprinellus) recruit episodically over a 127-year timeframe in Saskatchewan".Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.80(2):313–329.doi:10.1139/cjfas-2022-0122.ISSN0706-652X.
  5. ^Lackmann, Alec R.; Andrews, Allen H.; Butler, Malcolm G.; Bielak-Lackmann, Ewelina S.; Clark, Mark E. (2019-05-23)."Bigmouth Buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus sets freshwater teleost record as improved age analysis reveals centenarian longevity".Communications Biology.2(1): 197.doi:10.1038/s42003-019-0452-0.ISSN2399-3642.PMC6533251.PMID31149641.
  6. ^Banister, Keith F. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.).Encyclopedia of Fishes.San Diego: Academic Press. p. 100.ISBN978-0-12-547665-2.
  7. ^Paleobiology database.
  8. ^"Night Hawk Publications - John's Journal".
  9. ^"Subsistence Fishing For Sacramento Sucker".fishbio.11 September 2013.Retrieved22 April2019.
  10. ^Lin, Y.; Y. Gong; Y. Yuan; S. Gong; D. Yu; Q. Li; and Z. Luo (2012).Dietary L-lysine requirement of juvenile Chinese sucker, Myxocyprinus asiaticus.Aquaculture Research, 44(10): 1539–1549.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2012.03161.x
  11. ^Koga, James S.Chinese high fin banded shark,Cal Poly Pomona, September 2003. Retrieved on 5 May 2019
  12. ^Miller, Matthew L. (2 March 2015)."A Sucker (Myth) Is Born Every Minute".blog.nature.org.Nature.Retrieved2 May2019.
  13. ^Eschmeyer, William N.;Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.)."Genera in the family Catostomidae".Catalog of Fishes.California Academy of Sciences.Retrieved25 November2024.
  14. ^Liu, Juan; Wilson, Mark V. H.; Murray, Alison M. (2016)."A new catostomid fish (Ostariophysi, Cypriniformes) from the Eocene Kishenehn Formation and remarks on the North American species of †Amyzon Cope, 1872".Journal of Paleontology.90(2):288–304.Bibcode:2016JPal...90..288L.doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.28.ISSN0022-3360.
  15. ^Liu, Juan; Chang, Mee-mann (2009-02-01)."A new Eocene catostomid (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from northeastern China and early divergence of Catostomidae".Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences.52(2):189–202.Bibcode:2009ScChD..52..189L.doi:10.1007/s11430-009-0022-2.ISSN1862-2801.
  16. ^Liu, Juan (Fall 2016)."Osteology, Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Body Shape Changes of Eocene Catostomid and Problematic Catostomid Fishes".ERA.doi:10.7939/R3X63BD4W.Retrieved2024-07-09.
  17. ^Liu, Juan (2021-05-03)."Redescription of ' Amyzon ' brevipinne and remarks on North American Eocene catostomids (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae)".Journal of Systematic Palaeontology.19(9):677–689.Bibcode:2021JSPal..19..677L.doi:10.1080/14772019.2021.1968966.ISSN1477-2019.
  18. ^Liu, Juan; Chang, Mee-Mann; Wilson, Mark V. H.; Murray, Alison M. (2015-11-02)."A new family of Cypriniformes (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) based on a redescription of † Jianghanichthys hubeiensis (Lei, 1977) from the Eocene Yangxi Formation of China".Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.35(6): e1004073.Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E4073L.doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.1004073.ISSN0272-4634.
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