Cedar Paul

Cedar Paul,néeGertrude Mary Davenport(1880 – 18 March 1972) was a singer, author, translator and journalist.

Biography

Gertrude Davenport came from a musical family: she was the granddaughter of the composerGeorge Alexander Macfarrenand the daughter of the composerFrancis William Davenport(1847–1925).She was educated at convent schools inBelgium,France,ItalyandEngland,and studied music inGermany.

She was a member of theIndependent Labour Partyfrom 1912 to 1919, and Secretary of the British Section of theWomen's International Council of Socialist and Labour Organizationsfrom 1917 to 1919.She marriedEden Paul,and from 1915 onwards was active - under the name of Cedar Paul - as a translator and writer in collaboration with her husband. The pair became members of theCommunist Party of Great Britain,and Cedar served on the executive committee of thePlebs Leaguein the 1920s.Together withLyster Jameson,the Pauls made "strenuous attempts [...] to develop psychology" as a component of working-class education in the Plebs League.However, some working-class League members resented them:

In the labour colleges [...] there was considerable resentment against the middle-class intellectuals who came into the Plebs League during and immediately after the war. Two books written by Eden and Cedar Paul,Creative Revolution(1920) andProletcult(1921), attracted criticism for their obscure vocabulary - they coined words like 'ergatocracy' to replace the ugly 'dictatorship of the proletariat' - and generally school marmish tone

Cedar and Eden Paul were extraordinarily prolific translators in the interwar years, translating a range ofsocialistandpsychotherapyworks, as well as novels, particularlyhistorical novels.They were the official translators forStefan ZweigandEmil Ludwig,and their translations fromGermanalso included works byKarl Marx,Rudolf Hilferding,Karl Jaspers,Rudolf Brunngraber,andHeinrich von Treitschke.However, they also translated work fromFrench,Italian(including a work byRobert Michels) andRussian(including works byJoseph Stalin,andGeorgi Plekhanov,andMikhail Lermontov'sA Hero of Our Time).

After Eden Paul's death in 1944, Cedar Paul published only a small number of translations under her own name. She found herself in serious debt and experienced dire poverty, living in a caravan.

Works

Translations undertaken withEden Paul

• History of Germany in the nineteenth centurybyHeinrich von Treitschke,1915–19. Translated from the German.
• Political parties; a sociological study of the oligarchical tendencies of modern democracybyRobert Michels.New York, Hearst's International Library Co., 1915. Translated from the Italian.
• The twentieth century Molière: Bernard ShawbyAugustin Frédéric Hamon.London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1915. Translated from the French.
• The diary of a French private, war-imprisonment, 1914-1915byGaston Riou.London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1916. Translated from the French.
• The sexual crisis: a critique of our sex lifebyGrete Meisel-Hess.New York: Critic and Guide Co., 1917. Translated from the German.
• Heredity, disease and human evolutionbyHugo Ribbert.New York: Critic and Guide Co., 1918. Translated from the German.
• Boehm-Bawerk's Criticism of MarxbyRudolf Hilferding.Glasgow: Socialist Labour Press, [1919.] Translated from the German.
• The spirit of Russia: studies in history, literature and philosophybyT. G. Masaryk.London: Allen & Unwin; New York: Macmillan, 1919. Translated from the German. 2 vols.
• Suggestion and autosuggestion: a psychological and pedagogical study based upon the investigations made by the new Nancy SchoolbyCharles Baudouin.London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1920. Translated from the French.
• A new school in BelgiumbyA. Faria de Vasconcellos,with an introduction byAdolphe Ferrière.London:G. G. Harrap & Co.,1919. Translated from the French.
• Karl MarxbyAchille Loria.London, G. Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1920. Translated from the Italian.
• The ForerunnersbyRomain Rolland.New York: Brace & Howe, 1920. Translated from the FrenchLes Précurseurs(1919).
• The industrial development of Palestineby Nahum Wilbuschewitsch. [London]: Trade and Industry Dept. of the Central Bureau of the Zionist Organisation (London), 1920. Translated from the German.
• A young girl's diary(anon., prefaced with a letter bySigmund Freud). New York: T. Seltzer, 1921. Translated from the GermanTagebuch eines halbwüchsigen Mädchens.
• Psychoanalysis and sociologybyAurel Kolnai.London: George Allen & Unwin, 1921.
• Letters from prison: with a portrait and a facsimilebyRosa Luxemburg.Berlin: Pub. House of the Young International, ©1921, t.p. 1923. Translated from the German.
• In Days to ComebyWalther Rathenau.London: G. Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1921. Translated from the German.
• Casanova's homecomingbyArthur Schnitzler.New York: Private printing for subscribers only, 1921. 1,250 copies printed. Translated from the German.
• Romain Rolland; the man and his workbyStefan Zweig.New York, T. Seltzer, 1921. Translated from the original manuscript.
• Studies in psychoanalysis; an account of twenty-seven concrete cases preceded by a theoretical exposition. Comprising lectures delivered in Geneva at the Jean Jacques Rousseau institute and at the Faculty of letters in the universitybyCharles Baudouin.New York: Dodd, Mead and Co., 1922. Translated from the French.
• The ABC of Communism: a popular explanation of the program of the Communist Party of RussiabyNikolai BukharinandYevgeni Preobrazhensky.[S.l.]: Communist Party of Great Britain, 1922. Translated from the Russian.
• The restoration of agriculture in the famine area of Russia: being the interim report of the State Economic Planning Commission of the Council for Labour and Defence of the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic'. London: Labour Publishing Co., 1922. Translated from the Russian.
• Psychoanalysis and sociologybyAurel Kolnai.New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1922. Translated from the GermanPsychoanalyse und Soziologie. Zur Psychologie von Masse und Gesellschaft(1920).
• History of Switzerland, 1499-1914byWilhelm Oechsli.Cambridge University Press, 1922. Translated from the German.
• Jeremiah, a drama in nine scenesbyStefan Zweig.New York: T. Seltzer, 1922. Translated from the author's revised German text.
• Through dictatorship to democracybyKlara Zetkin.Glasgow: Socialist Labour Press, [ca. 1922]. Translated from the German.
• The power within usbyCharles Baudouin.New York: Dodd, Mead and Co., 1923. Translated from the French
• Vitamins; a critical survey of the theory of accessory food factorsbyRagnar Berg.New York: A.A. Knopf, 1923. Translated from the German.
• The dominant sex; a study in the sociology of sex differentiationbyMathildeand Mathias Vaerting. New York, George H. Doran Co., [1923]. Translated from the GermanWeibliche Eigenart im Männerstaat und die männliche Eigenart im Frauenstaat.
• Contemporary studiesbyCharles Baudouin.London: G. Allen & Unwin Ltd., [1924]. Translated from the French.
• Psychoanalysis and aestheticsby Charles Baudouin. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1924. Translated from the FrenchLe Symbole Chez Verhaeren.
• The inner disciplineby Charles Baudouin and Alexandre Lestchinsky. New York: Holt, 1924. Translated from the French.
• The new theories of matter and the atombyAlfred Berthoud.London: G. Allen & Unwin; New York: Macmillan, [1924]. Translated from the French.
• Labour's alternative: the United States of Europe or Europe limitedbyEdo Fimmen.London, Labour Pub. Co., 1924. Translated from the German.
• Love in children and its aberrations; a book for parents and teachersbyOskar Pfister.New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1924. Translated from the German.
• The remaking of RussiabyKurt Wiedenfeld.London: Labour Pub. Co., 1924. Translated from the German.
• Sigmund Freud, his personality, his teaching, & his schoolbyFritz Wittels.London: G. Allen & Unwin, [1924]. Translated from the German.
• Passion and painbyStefan Zweig.London, Chapman and Hall, 1924. Translated from the German.
• Psychological healing: a historical and clinical studybyPierre Janet.London: G. Allen & Unwin; New York: Macmillan, [1925]. 2 vols. Translated from the FrenchMédications psychologiques
• By airplane towards the North pole; an account of an expedition to Spitzbergen in the summer of 1923byWalter Mittelholzer.London: G. Allen & Unwin Ltd., [1925]. Translated from the German.
• An end to povertybyFritz Wittels.London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1925. Translated from the GermanDie vernichtung der not
• NapoléonbyEmil Ludwig.New York, N.Y.: Boni & Liveright, 1926. Translated from the German.
• The eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparteby Karl Marx. London: G. Allen & Unwin, [1926]. Translated from the German.
• Red money: a statement of the facts relating to the money raised in Russia during the general strike and mining lock-out in Britainby All-Russian Council of Trade Unions. London: Labour Research Dept., 1926.
• Napoleon and his women friendsbyGertrude Aretz.Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co., 1927.
• Women and lovebyBernhard Bauer.New York: Boni & Liveright, 1927. 2 vols. Translated from the German.
• The psychology of socialismbyHendrik de Man.New York: H. Holt and Co. [1927]. Translated from the second German edition.
• Bismarck; the story of a fighterbyEmil Ludwig.Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1927. Translated from the German.
• Night: a drama in five actsbyMarcel Martinet.London: C.W. Daniel, 1927. Translated from the French.
• Karl Marx, man, thinker, and revolutionist; a symposiumbyDavid Riazanov.London: M. Lawrence, [1927]. Translated from the German and the Russian.
• Conflicts: three talesbyStefan Zweig.New York: The Viking Press, 1927. Translated from the German.
• Trenck, the love story of a favouritebyBruno Frank.New York: A.A. Knopf, 1928. Translated from the German.
• The Son of man: the story of Jesusby Emil Ludwig. New York: Boni & Liveright, 1928. Translated from the German.
• Capital,byKarl Marx.London: Allen & Unwin, 1928. Translated from the 4th German edition ofDas Kapital.
• LeninismbyJoseph Stalin.London: G. Allen & Unwin, [1928-33]. 2 vols. Translated from the Russian.
• History of the first InternationalbyYuri Mikhailovich Steklov.London: M. Lawrence, [1928]. Translated from the 3rd Russian ed., with notes from the 4th ed.
• Adepts in self-portraiture: Casanova, Stendhal, TolstoybyStefan Zweig.New York: Viking Press, 1928. Translated from the German
• Master builders: an attempt at the typology of the spiritby Stefan Zweig. New York: Viking Press, 1928–1930. 2 vols. Translated from the German.
• Diana: a novelbyEmil Ludwig.New York: Viking Press, 1929. Translated from the German.
• On Mediterranean shoresby Emil Ludwig. London: G. Allen & Unwin, [1929]. Translated from the German.
• Joy in WorkbyHendrik de Man.London, G. Allen & Unwin ltd. [1929]. Translated from the GermanDer Kampf um die Arbeitsfreude.
• Fundamental problems of MarxismbyGeorgi Plekhanov.London, M. Lawrence [1929]. Translated fromOsnovnye voprosy marksizma,2nd Russian ed. (Moscow, 1928).
• Karl Marx: his Life and WorkbyOtto Rühle.New York: The Viking press, 1929. Translated from the German.
• The wife of Steffen TromholtbyHermann Sudermann.New York: H. Liveright, 1929. Translated from the GermanDie Frau des Steffen Tromholt.
• LincolnbyEmil Ludwig.Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1930. Translated from the German.
• The Communist ManifestobyKarl Marx,with an introduction and explanatory notes byD. Ryazanoff[pseud.]. London: Martin Lawrence, [1930]. Text of theManifestotranslated from the German; remainder translated from the revised (1922) edition of Ryazanoff'sThe communist manifesto(in Russian).
• Types of economic theorybyOthmar Spann.London: G. Allen & Unwin ltd., [1930]. Translated from the 19th German ed. Also published asThe history of economics,New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
• Economic trends in Soviet RussiabyAaron Yugow.London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1930. Translated from the GermanDie Volkswirtschaft der Sowjetunion und ihre Probleme,1929, a translation byA. R. L. Gurlandfrom the author's Russian ms.
• Joseph Fouché, the portrait of a politicianbyStefan Zweig.New York: Viking Press, 1930. Translated from the German.
• Three Masters: Balzac, Dickens, Dostoeffskyby Stefan Zweig. London, 1930. Translated from the German.
• Human HereditybyErwin Baur,Eugen Fischer,andFritz Lenz.London: G. Allen & Unwin ltd.; New York: The Macmillan Company, [1931]. Translated from the German.
• The problem of geniusbyWilhelm Lange-Eichbaum.London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 1931. Translated from the GermanGenieproblem. Eine Einführung.
• Men and forces of our timebyValeriu Marcu.New York: Viking Press, 1931. Translated from the German.
• Lassalle; the power of illusion and the illusion of powerbyArno Schirokauer.London: G. Allen & Unwin Ltd., [1931]. Translated from the German.
• The conquest of old age: methods to effect rejuvenation and to increase functional activitybyPeter Schmidt.London: G. Routledge, 1931. Translated from the German.
• Desuggestion for the attainment of health, happiness, and successbyEdwin Tietjens.London: Allen & Unwin, [1931]. Translated from the 2nd German ed.
• Awakening Japan: the diary of a German doctorbyErwin Baelz(ed. by his son, Toku Baelz). New York: The Viking press, 1932. Translation from the GermanErwin Bälz; das Leben eines deutschen Arztes im erwachenden Japan..
• Introduction to Sexual HygienebyAbraham BuschkeandFriedrich Jacobsohn.London: G. Routledge & Sons, 1932.
• Life ofMendelbyHugo Iltis.
• Talks with MussolinibyEmil Ludwig.London: George Allen & Unwin, 1932. Translated from the GermanMussolinis Gespräche mit Emil Ludwig
• The birth of the nations: from the unity of faith to the democracy of moneybyValeriu Marcu.London: G. Routledge, 1932.
• Red RussiabyTheodore Seibert.New York: The Century company, [1932]. Translated from the 3rd German edition ofDas rote Russland, Staat, Geist und Alltag der Bolschewiki.
• H. M. Stanley - explorerbyJakob Wassermann.London: Cassell & Co., 1932.
• Set the children free!byFritz Wittels.London: G. Allen & Unwin, ltd., [1932]. Translated from the 4th German edition (1927) ofDie befreiung des kindes,"specially revised and brought up to date by the author in 1932".
• AmokbyStefan Zweig.London: Cassell, 1932.
• The Mind of the Child. A psychoanalytical studybyCharles Baudouin.London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1933.
• A Twentieth Century TragedybyRudolf Brunngraber.London: Lovat Dickson, 1933.
• The organism of the mind: an introduction to analytical psychotherapybyGustav Richard Heyer.London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & co., ltd, 1933.
• Man in the Modern AgebyKarl Jaspers.London: G. Routledge & Sons, 1933.
• Dark angelbyGina Kaus.London: Cassell, 1933.
• Great doctors: a biographical history of medicinebyHenry E. Sigerist.London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1933.
• Genealogy of lovebyCurt Thesing.London: G. Routledge, 1933. Translated from the GermanStammesgeschichte der Liebe.
• Bula Matari: Stanley, conqueror of a continentbyJakob Wassermann.New York, Liveright Inc., 1933
• Letter from an unknown womanbyStefan Zweig.London; Toronto: Cassell, 1933.
• Marie Antoinette, the portrait of an average womanby Stefan Zweig. New York: Viking Press, 1933. Translated from the German.
• Mental healers: Franz Anton Mesmer, Mary Baker Eddy, Sigmund Freudby Stefan Zweig. London: Cassell and Co., Ltd., 1933.
• Leopold the unloved: King of the Belgians and of moneybyLudwig Bauer.London: Cassell, 1934. Translated from the German.
• Lovers in Galilee. An idyl of the time of TiberiusbyHenry Dupuy-Mazuel.London: Hurst & Blackett, [1934.]
• Joseph Kerkhoven’s Third Existence. A novelbyCarl Jacob Wassermann.London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1934.
• Erasmus of RotterdambyStefan Zweig.New York: Viking Press, 1934. Translated from the German.
• The new Cæsar: a novelbyAlfred Neumann.London: Hutchinson & Co., 1934.
• Leaders, dreamers, and rebels. An account of the great mass-movements of history and of the wish-dreams that inspired thembyRené Fülöp-Miller.Translated from the German. New York: The Viking Press, 1935.
• Coffee: the epic of a commoditybyHeinrich Eduard Jacob.New York: The Viking press, 1935. Translated from the GermanSage und Siegeszug des Kaffees.English edition published asThe saga of coffee: biography of a product.
• Hindenburg and the saga of the German revolutionbyEmil Ludwig.London, Toronto: W. Heinemann, Ltd., [1935]. Translated from the German.
• School of biologybyCurt Thesing.London: G. Routledge & sons, ltd., 1935. Translated from the German.
• Mary, queen of Scotland and the IslesbyStefan Zweig.New York: Viking Press, 1935. Translated from the German.
• The Davos murdersbyEmil Ludwig.New York: Viking Press, 1936.
• Caesar's mantle; the end of the Roman republicbyFerdinand Mainzer.New York: Viking Press, 1936. Translated from the German.
• Divine adventurer: a novelbyKarl August Meissinger.New York: Viking Press, 1936. Translated from the GermanDer Abenteurer Gottes.
• TsushimabyA. S. Novikov-Priboĭ.London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1936. Translated from the Russian.
• Arturo ToscaninibyPaul Stefan.New York: Viking Press, 1936.
• The Right to Heresy. Castellio against CalvinbyStefan Zweig.London: Cassell & Co., 1936. Translated from the GermanCastellio gegen Calvin.
• Kerkhoven's third existencebyJakob Wassermann.New York: Liveright Pub. Corp., 1936.
• Radium: a novelbyRudolf Brunngraber.London:G. G. Harrap,1937.
• Death from the skies: a study of gas and microbial warfarebyHeinz Liepmanwith the scientific assistance ofH. C. R. Simons.London: Secker & Warburg, 1937. Translated from the German. US edition published asPoison in the air,1937.
• The gaudy empire: a novelbyAlfred Neumann.New York: A. A. Knopf, 1937.
• Man of December: a story of Napoleon III and the fall of the Second Empire; a novelbyAlfred Neumann.London: Hutchinson, 1937.
• Insulted and exiled: the truth about the German JewsbyArnold Zweig.London: John Mills, 1937. Translated from the German.
• The buried candelabrumbyStefan Zweig.New York: Viking Press, 1937. Translated from the German.
• Emperors, angels, and eunuchs: the thousand years of the Byzantine EmpirebyBerta Eckstein-Diener.London: Chatto & Windus, 1938. US edition published asImperial Byzantium,1938.
• Triumph over painbyRené Fülöp-Miller.New York, Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1938. Translated from the German.
• RacismbyMagnus Hirschfeld.London: Victor Gollancz, 1938. Edited and translated from the German.
• Jewish short-stories of todaybyMorris Kreitman.London: Faber & Faber, 1938.
• The mad queen of SpainbyMichael Prawdin.London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1938. Translated from the German.
• Conqueror of the seas; the story of MagellanbyStefan Zweig.New York: Viking Press, 1938. Translated from the German.
• George Frederick Handel's resurrection. Auferstehung Georg Friedrich HändelsbyStefan Zweig.[London: Corvinus press], 1938. German and English on opposite pages.
• Dmitri Donskoi: a novelbySergei Borodin.London: Hutchinson's International Authors, [1940?]
• A hero of our own timesbyMikhail Lermontov.London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1940.
• The Mongol empire, its rise and legacybyMichael Prawdin.London: G. Allen and Unwin, 1940.
• Technique of analytical psychotherapybyWilhelm Stekel.New York: Norton, 1940.
• Germany tomorrowbyOtto Strasser.London: Jonathan Cape, 1940. Translated from the German. (Incorporating a translation of 'Aufbau des deutschen Sozialismus.')
• The tide of fortune: twelve historical miniaturesbyStefan Zweig.New York: Viking Press, 1940. Translated from the German.
• The coming of socialismbyLucien Deslinières.London: British Socialist Party, n.d. Translated from the French.
• Through dictatorship to democracybyKlara Zetkin.Glasgow: Socialist Labor Press, n.d. Translated from the German.

Other works

• (ed. with Eden Paul)Population and birth-control; a symposium.New York: Critic and Guide, 1917. With contributions byWilliam J. Robinson,Achille Loria,Charles V. Drysdale,Ludwig Quessel,Eden Paul,Edward Bernstein,Binnie Dunlop,Rudolf Manschke,S. H. HalfordandF. W. Stella Browne.
• (with Eden Paul)Independent working class education: thoughts and suggestions.London: Workers' Socialist Federation, 1918
• (with Eden Paul)Creative revolution, a study of communist ergatocracy.London: G. Allen and Unwin, 1920. (Translated into Japanese, alongsideJohn Stuart Mill'sThe Subjection of WomenandWilliam Mellor'sDirect Action,in 1929)
• (with Eden Paul)The appreciation of poetry.London: C.W. Daniel, 1920
• (with Eden Paul)Proletcult (proletarian culture).London: L. Parsons, [1921]. The New Era Series, vol. 12.
• (with Eden Paul)Communism.London: Labour Pub. Co., 1921. Labour booklets, no. 3.
• (with Eden Paul)Anti-Soviet forgeries; a record of some of the forged documents used at various times against the Soviet government.[London]: Workers' Publications, 1927
• (ed. with a biographical introduction, with Eden Paul)A Doctor's Views on LifebyWilliam J. Robinson.London: Allen & Unwin, 1927
• (with Eden Paul andEdward Conze,eds.)An outline of psychologybyH. Lyster Jameson,9th ed., completely revised, London: N.C.L.C., 1938. PLEBS outline number one.
• (tr.)Stepan Razin: a novel'byAleksey Chapygin.London; New York: Hutchinson international authors, 1946. Translated from the Russian.
• (tr.)The captainbyAlexey Novikov-Priboy.London; New York: Hutchinson International Authors, 1946. Translated from the Russian.
• (tr.)The fatal skinbyHonoré de Balzac.London: Hamish Hamilton, 1949. Translated from the FrenchLa Peau de chagrin.
• (tr.)Where the Sun never setbyMargarita de Planelles.[London]: Godfrey & Stephens.

External links

• Works by Cedar PaulatProject Gutenberg
• Works by Cedar PaulatLibriVox(public domain audiobooks)
• Works by or about Cedar Paulat theInternet Archive
• Works by or about Gertrude Mary Davenportat theInternet Archive
• Papers of Eden and Cedar Paulat theBodleian Library
• Cedar PaulatLibrary of Congress,with 188 library catalogue records