Wikipedia

Chicago metropolitan area

(Redirected fromChicagoland)
"Chicagoland" redirects here. For other uses, seeChicagoland (disambiguation).

TheChicago metropolitan area,also referred to asChicagoland,is the largestmetropolitan statistical areain theU.S. stateofIllinois,and theMidwest,containing theCity of Chicagoalong with its surrounding suburbs and satellite cities. Encompassing 10,286 square mi (28,120 km2), the metropolitan area includes the city of Chicago, itssuburbsandhinterland,that span 13countiesacross northeastIllinoisand northwestIndiana.The MSA had a 2020 census population of 9,618,502 and the combined statistical area, which spans 19 counties and additionally extends into southeastWisconsin,had a population of nearly 10 million people.[5][6]The Chicago area is thethird-largest metropolitan areain the United States and the fourth-largest metropolitan area inNorth America(after Mexico City, New York City, and Los Angeles), and the largest in theGreat Lakes megalopolis.Its urban area is one of the40 largest in the world.

Chicago metropolitan area
Conurbation
Chicago–Naperville, IL–IN–WI
Combined Statistical Area
From top, left to right:Chicago skylinefrom Lakefront Trail atNortherly Islandduring sunrise, aerial viewEvanston,view ofGold Coast,DowntownNaperville,view of DowntownAurora
Map
Map of Chicago–Naperville, IL–IN–WICSA
CountryUnited States
StateIllinois
Indiana
Wisconsin
Core cityChicago
Satellite cities
Area
• Metro
10,856 sq mi (28,120 km2)
Highest elevation
[1]
673 ft (205 m)
Lowest elevation
[1]
579 ft (176 m)
Population
• Density886/sq mi (342/km2)
•Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)(2022)
9,441,957[2](3rd)
•Combined Statistical Area (CSA)(2022)
9,806,184[3](4th)
DemonymChicagoan
GDP
[4]
•Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)$832.900 billion (2022)
•Combined Statistical Area (CSA)$855.679 billion (2022)
Time zoneUTC−6(CST)
• Summer (DST)UTC−5(CDT)
Area codes219,224/847,262,312/872,331/630,574,464/708,773/872and779/815

According to the2020 Census,the metropolitan's population is approaching the 10 million mark. The metropolitan area has seen a substantial increase ofLatin Americanresidents on top of its already large Latino population, and theAsian Americanpopulation also increased according to the 2020 Census. The metro area has a large number ofWhite,Black,Latino,Asian,andArab Americanresidents, and also hasNative Americanresidents in the region, making the Chicago metropolitan area population truly diverse. The Chicago metropolitan area represents about 3 percent of the entire US population.

Chicagoland has one of the world's largest and most diversified economies. With more than six million full and part-time employees, the Chicago metropolitan area is a key factor of the Illinois economy, as the state has an annual GDP of over $1 trillion.[7]The Chicago metropolitan area generated an annualgross regional product(GRP) of approximately $700 billion in 2018.[8]The region is home to more than 400 major corporate headquarters, including 31 in theFortune500[9]such as McDonald's, United, and Blue Cross Blue Shield. With many companies moving to Chicagoland, and many current companies expanding, the area ranked as the nation's top metropolitan area for corporation relocations and expansions for nine consecutive years, the most consecutive years for any region in the country.[10]

The Chicago area is home to a number of the nation's leadingresearch universitiesincluding theUniversity of Chicago,Northwestern University,theUniversity of Illinois at Chicago,DePaul University,Loyola University,and theIllinois Institute of Technology(IIT). The University of Chicago and Northwestern University are consistently ranked as two of the best universities in the world.

There are many transportation options around the region. Chicagoland has three separate rail networks; theChicago Transit Authority(CTA),Metra,and theSouth Shore Line.The CTA operates elevated and subway lines that run primarily throughout the city,Downtown Chicago,and into some suburbs. The CTA operates some of its rail lines 24 hours a day, every day of the year, nonstop service, making Chicago, New York City, and Copenhagen the only three cities in the world to offer some 24 hour rail service running nonstop, everyday throughout their city limits. The Metracommuter railnetwork runs numerous lines between Downtown Chicago and suburban/satellite cities, with one line stretching toKenosha, Wisconsin,which is part of the Chicago metropolitan area. TheinterurbanSouth Shore Line runs between Downtown Chicago and the northwest Indiana portion of the metropolitan area. In addition,AmtrakoperatesUnion Stationin Downtown Chicago as one of its largest rail hubs, with numerous lines radiating to and from the station.

CTA bus routes serve the city proper, with some service into the suburbs.Pacebus routes serve the suburbs, with some service into the city. In addition, numerous CTA bus routes operate 24 hours a day, nonstop.

Definitions

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Chicago Metropolitan statistical area

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The Chicago–Naperville, IL–IN–WI Combined Statistical Area as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget:
Chicago–Naperville–Elgin, IL–IN–WI MSA
Michigan City–La Porte, IN MSA
Kankakee, IL MSA
Ottawa, IL MSA

The Chicagometropolitan statistical area(MSA) was originally designated by the United States Census Bureau in 1950. It comprised theIllinoiscounties of Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake and Will, along with Lake County inIndiana.As surrounding counties saw an increase in their population densities and the number of their residents employed within Cook County, they met Census criteria to be added to the MSA. The Chicago MSA, now defined by the U.S.Office of Management and Budget(OMB) as theChicago–Naperville–Elgin, IL–IN–WI Metropolitan Statistical Area,is the third-largest MSA by population in the United States. The 2022 census estimate for the population of the MSA was 9,441,957.[11]

The Chicago MSA is further subdivided into four metropolitan divisions. A breakdown of the county constituents and 2021 estimated populations of the four metropolitan divisions of the MSA are as follows:[11]

Chicago–Naperville–Elgin, IL–IN–WI Metropolitan Statistical Area (9,509,934)

Combined Statistical Area

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The OMB also defines a slightly larger region as aCombined Statistical Area(CSA). TheChicago–Naperville, IL–IN–WI Combined Statistical Areacombines the followingcore-based statistical areas,listed with their 2021 estimated populations. The combined statistical area as a whole had a population of 9,806,184 as of 2022.[11]

United Nations' Chicago urban agglomeration

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The Chicagourban agglomeration,according to theUnited NationsWorld Urbanization Prospectsreport (2023 revision), lists a population of 8,937,000.[12]The term "urban agglomeration" refers to the population contained within the contours of a contiguous territory inhabited aturban densitylevels. It usually incorporates the population in a city, plus that in the contiguous urban, or built-up area.

Chicagoland

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Chicagoland by county and state[13]
A map of Chicagoland in relation to the states of Wisconsin, Illinois, and Indiana

Chicagoland is an informal name for the Chicago metropolitan area. The termChicagolandhas no official definition, and the region is often considered to include areas beyond the corresponding MSA, as well as portions of the greater CSA.[citation needed]

Colonel Robert R. McCormick,editor and publisher of theChicago Tribune,usually gets credit for placing the term in common use.[14][15]McCormick's conception of Chicagoland stretched all the way to nearby parts of four states (Indiana,Wisconsin,Michigan,andIowa).[14]The first usage was in theTribune's July 27, 1926, front page headline, "Chicagoland's Shrines: A Tour of Discoveries", for an article by reporterJames O'Donnell Bennett.[16]He stated that Chicagoland comprised everything in a 200-mile (320 km) radius in every direction and reported on many different places in the area. TheTribunewas the dominant newspaper in a vast area stretching to the west of the city, and thathinterlandwas closely tied to the metropolis by rail lines and commercial links.[17]

Today, theChicago Tribune's usage includes the city of Chicago, the rest ofCook County,eight nearby Illinois counties (Lake,McHenry,DuPage,Kane,Kendall,Grundy,Will,andKankakee), and the two Indiana counties of Lake andPorter.[18]Illinois Department of Tourism literature usesChicagolandfor suburbs in Cook, Lake, DuPage, Kane, and Will counties,[19]treating the city separately. TheChicagoland Chamber of Commercedefines it as all of Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake, McHenry, and Will counties.[20]

In addition, company marketing programs such as Construction Data Company's[21]"Chicago and Vicinity" region and theChicago Automobile Trade Association's"Chicagoland and Northwest Indiana"advertising campaign are directed at the MSA itself, as well as LaSalle,Winnebago(Rockford),Boone,andOglecounties in Illinois, in addition toJasper,Newton,andLa Portecounties in Indiana andKenosha,Racine,andWalworthcounties in Wisconsin, and even as far northeast asBerrien County, Michigan.The region is part of theGreat Lakes Megalopolis,containing an estimated 54 million people.[citation needed]

Collar counties

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The term "collar counties"is acolloquialismfor the five counties (DuPage, Kane, Lake,McHenry,and Will) of Illinois that border Chicago's Cook County. After Cook County, they are also the next five most populous counties in the state. According to theEncyclopedia of Chicago,there is no specifically known origin of the phrase, but it has been commonly used among policy makers, urban planners, and in the media. However, it also notes that as growth has spread beyond these counties, it may have lost some of its usefulness.[22]

Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning

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Main article:Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning

Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (CMAP) is an Illinois state agency responsible for transportation infrastructure, land use, and long-term economic development planning for the areas under its jurisdiction within Illinois.[23]The planning area has a population of over 8 million, which includes the following locations in Illinois:[24]

Panorama of North Avenue Beach

Geography and environment

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Further information:Geography of Chicago

The city of Chicago lies in the Chicago Plain, a flat and broad area characterized by little topographical relief. The few low hills are sand ridges. North of the Chicago Plain, steep bluffs and ravines run alongside Lake Michigan.

Along the southern shore of the Chicago Plain, sand dunes run alongside the lake. The tallest dunes reach up to near 200 feet (61 m) and are found inIndiana Dunes National Park.Surrounding the low plain are bands ofmorainesin the south and west suburbs. These areas are higher and hillier than the Chicago Plain. Acontinental divide,separating theMississippi Riverwatershed from that of theGreat LakesandSaint Lawrence River,runs through the Chicago area.

A 2012 survey of the urban trees and forests in the seven county Illinois section of the Chicago area found that 21% of the land is covered by the tree and shrub canopy, made up of about 157,142,000 trees. The five most common tree species arebuckthorn,green ash,boxelder,black cherry,andAmerican elm.These resources perform important functions in carbon storage, water recycling, and energy saving.[25][26]

Night aerial view of Chicago and vicinity

Demographics

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Taken from the ISS onJune 23, 2022;downtown Chicago is at the center by the lake.

As of 2022, the metropolitan area had a population of 9,442,159. The population density was 1,312.3 per square mile. The racial makeup was 50.1% Non-Hispanic White, 23.4% were Hispanic, 15.5% were Non-Hispanic African Americans, 7.2% were Asian, 0.1% were Non-Hispanic Native American, 0.4% identified as “some other race,” and 3.2% were non-Hispanic multiracial.[27]

According to 2022 estimates from theAmerican Community Survey,the largest ancestries in the Chicago metro area wereMexican(18%),African(17.7%),German(12.8%),Irish(9.9%),Polish(8%),Italian(5.9%),English(5.2%),Indian(2.7%),Puerto Rican(2.3%),Filipino(1.7%),Swedish(1.5%), andChinese(1.4%).[28][29][30][31]

The suburbs, surrounded by easily annexed flat ground, have been expanding at a tremendous rate since the early 1960s. Aurora, Elgin, Joliet, and Naperville are noteworthy for being four of the fewboomburbsoutside theSun Belt,West CoastandMountain Statesregions, andexurbanKendall County ranked as the fastest-growing county (among counties with a population greater than 10,000) in the United States between the years 2000 and 2007.[32]

Settlement patterns in the Chicago metropolitan area tend to follow those in the city proper: the northern and northwestern suburbs are generally affluent andupper-middle class,while the southern suburbs (sometimes known asChicago Southland) have somewhat lower median incomes and a cost of living, with the exception being the southwest suburbs which contain many upper-middle class areas. Another exception to this is theWest Side,which has a somewhat lower median income, but the western suburbs contain many affluent and upper-middle class areas. According to the 2000 Census, DuPage County as a whole had the highest median household income of any county in theMidwestern United States,although there are individual cities and towns in other surrounding counties in the metro that have even higher median incomes.

According to 2022 estimates from the U.S. Census, poverty rates of the largest counties from least poverty to most are as follows: McHenry 4.0%, Dupage 6.7%, Will 6.9%, Kane 7.8%, Lake 8.0%, and Cook 13.6%.[33]However, Cook County, which contains luxury high rises and expensive houses in sections of the city and expensive houses along the waterfront in theNorth Shorearea, would also have the highest percentage of expensive homes in the region.

In an in-depth historical analysis, Keating (2004, 2005) examined the origins of 233 settlements that by 1900 had become suburbs or city neighborhoods of the Chicago metropolitan area. The settlements began as farm centers (41%), industrial towns (30%), residential railroad suburbs (15%), and recreational/institutional centers (13%). Although relations between the different settlement types were at times contentious, there also was cooperation in such undertakings as the construction of high schools.[citation needed]

Population

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As the Chicago metropolitan area has grown, more counties have been partly or totally assimilated with the taking of each decennial census.

Census Area Area Type 2020 Census 2010 Census 2000 Census 1990 Census 1980 Census 1970 Census 1960 Census 1950 Census
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet,IL-IN-WI Metropolitan 9,618,502 9,461,105 9,098,316 8,065,633 7,869,542 7,612,314 6,794,461 5,495,364
Cook County, Illinois Metropolitan 5,275,541 5,194,675 5,376,741 5,105,067 5,253,655 5,492,369 5,129,725 4,508,792
DeKalb County, Illinois Metropolitan 100,420 105,160 88,969 77,932 74,624 71,654 51,714 40,781
DuPage County, Illinois Metropolitan 932,877 916,924 904,161 781,666 658,835 491,882 313,459 154,599
Grundy County, Illinois Metropolitan 52,533 50,063 37,535 32,337 30,582 26,535 22,350 19,217
Kane County, Illinois Metropolitan 516,522 515,269 404,119 317,471 278,405 251,005 208,246 150,388
Kendall County, Illinois Metropolitan 131,869 114,736 54,544 39,413 37,202 26,374 17,540 12,115
McHenry County, Illinois Metropolitan 310,229 308,760 260,077 183,241 147,897 111,555 84,210 50,656
Will County, Illinois Metropolitan 696,355 677,560 502,266 357,313 324,460 249,498 191,617 134,336
Jasper County, Indiana Metropolitan 32,918 33,478 30,043 24,960 26,138 20,429 18,842 17,031
Lake County, Indiana Metropolitan 498,700 496,005 484,564 475,594 522,965 546,253 513,269 368,152
Newton County, Indiana Metropolitan 13,830 14,244 14,566 13,551 14,844 11,606 11,502 11,006
Porter County, Indiana Metropolitan 173,215 164,343 146,798 128,932 119,816 87,114 60,279 40,076
Lake County, Illinois Metropolitan 714,342 703,462 644,356 516,418 440,372 382,638 293,656 179,097
Kenosha County, Wisconsin Metropolitan 169,151 166,426 149,577 128,181 123,137 117,917 100,615 75,238
Kankakee County, Illinois Combined 107,502 113,449 103,833 96,255 102,926 97,250 92,063 73,524
LaSalle County, Illinois Combined 109,658 113,924 111,509 106,913 112,003 111,409 110,800 100,610
Bureau County, Illinois Combined 33,244 34,978 35,503 35,688 39,114 38,541 37,594 37,711
Putnam County, Illinois Combined 5,637 6,006 6,086 5,730 6,085 5,007 4,570 4,746
LaPorte County, Indiana Combined 112,417 111,467 110,106 107,066 108,632 105,342 95,111 76,808
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet,IL-IN-WI Combined 9,986,960 9,686,021 9,312,255 8,385,397 8,264,490 8,089,421 7,204,198 5,911,816

Counties highlighted in gray were not included in the MSA for that census. The CSA totals in blue are the totals of all the counties listed above, regardless of whether they were included in the Chicago Combined Statistical Area at the time.[34]

Principal municipalities

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Over 1,000,000 population

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Over 100,000 population

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Over 50,000 population

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View of Chicago greater metropolitan region and the North branch of theChicago Riverfrom the Willis Tower

Urban areas within

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Within the boundary of the 16-county Chicago Combined Statistical Area lies the Chicagourban area,as well as 26 smaller urban areas.[35]Some of the urban areas below may partially cross into other statistical areas. Only those situated primarily within the Chicago combined statistical area are listed here.

Urban areas contained within the Chicago combined statistical area as of the 2020 census:
Urban areas
Counties in the Chicago MSA
Counties in the Chicago CSA but not the MSA
Urban area Population
(2020 census) 		Land area
(sq mi) 		Land area
(km2) 		Density
(population / sq mi) 		Density
(population / km2)
Chicago,IL–IN 8,671,746 2,337.89 6,055.09 3,709.2 1,432.1
Round Lake Beach–McHenry–Grayslake,IL–WI 261,835 127.61 330.52 2,051.8 792.2
Kenosha, WI 125,865 56.17 145.48 2,240.8 865.2
Michigan City–La Porte,IN–MI 71,367 49.16 127.32 1,451.7 560.5
Kankakee,IL 66,530 31.66 82.00 2,101.4 811.3
DeKalb,IL 64,736 25.63 66.39 2,525.6 975.1
Valparaiso–Shorewood Forest,IN 51,867 33.64 87.12 1,542.0 595.4
Peru–LaSalle,IL 29,763 21.45 55.56 1,387.4 535.7
Woodstock,IL 25,298 9.31 24.10 2,718.7 1,049.7
Ottawa,IL 20,122 9.99 25.87 2,014.2 777.7
Streator,IL 16,209 8.12 21.04 1,995.3 770.4
Coal City–Braidwood,IL 15,837 10.29 26.65 1,539.4 594.4
Morris,IL 15,740 8.64 22.37 1,822.2 703.5
Lowell,IN 10,747 5.28 13.66 2,037.2 786.6
Manteno,IL 10,437 6.01 15.56 1,736.8 670.6
Harvard,IL 9,376 4.36 11.30 2,148.7 829.6
Princeton,IL 7,979 6.20 16.06 1,287.1 497.0
Marengo,IL 7,509 3.81 9.86 1,971.5 761.2
Lake Holiday,IL 7,313 4.30 11.14 1,700.5 656.6
Mendota,IL 6,918 2.85 7.38 2,426.2 936.8
Wilmington,IL 6,388 3.95 10.23 1,617.3 624.5
McHenry Northwest–Wonder Lake,IL 5,758 2.35 6.08 2,453.6 947.4
Hampshire,IL 5,699 2.72 7.06 2,091.4 807.5
Rensselaer,IN 5,509 3.23 8.37 1,703.9 657.9
Genoa,IL 5,484 2.20 5.69 2,498.0 964.5
Westville,IN 5,189 2.10 5.45 2,466.0 952.1
Marseilles,IL 4,660 2.39 6.19 1,948.4 752.3

Economy

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Westward view from theWillis Towerin Chicago
Main article:Economy of Chicago
See also:List of companies in the Chicago metropolitan area,Chicagoland Chamber of Commerce,andEconomy of Illinois

The Chicago metropolitan area is home to the corporate headquarters of 57Fortune 1000companies, includingAbbVie Inc.,Allstate,Kraft Heinz,McDonald's,Mondelez International,Motorola,United Airlines,Walgreens,andmore.The Chicago area also headquarters a wide variety of global financial institutions includingCitadel LLC,Discover Financial Services,Morningstar, Inc.,CNA Financial,and more. Chicago is home to the largestfutures exchangein the world, theChicago Mercantile Exchange.In March 2008, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange announced its acquisition of NYMEX Holdings Inc, the parent company of theNew York Mercantile Exchangeand Commodity Exchange. CME'S acquisition of NYMEX was completed in August 2008.

A key piece of infrastructure for several generations was theUnion Stock Yardsof Chicago, which from 1865 until 1971 penned and slaughtered millions of cattle and hogs into standardized cuts ofbeefandpork.This prompted poetCarl Sandburgto describe Chicago as the "Hog Butcher for the World".[36]

The Chicago area, meanwhile, began to produce significant quantities of telecommunications gear, electronics, steel, crude oil derivatives, automobiles, and industrial capital goods.

By the early 2000s, Illinois' economy had moved toward a dependence on high-value-added services, such as financial trading,higher education,logistics,and health care. In some cases, these services clustered around institutions that hearkened back to Illinois's earlier economies. For example, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, a trading exchange for globalderivatives,had begun its life as an agriculturalfutures market.

In 2007, the area ranked first among U.S. metro areas in the number of new and expanded corporate facilities.[37]It ranked third in 2008, behind theHouston–Sugar Land–BaytownandDallas–Fort Worth metropolitan areas,[38]and ranked second behind theNew York metropolitan areain 2009.[39]

The Wall Street Journalsummarized the Chicago area's economy in November 2006 with the comment that "Chicago has survived by repeatedly reinventing itself."[40]

Transportation

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O'Hare Airport
Chicago 'L'in theLoop
Metrasurface rail
TheEisenhower Expresswaywith theChicago Transit AuthorityBlue Linetracks and the non-revenue ramp that leads to thePink Line
Main articles:Transportation in ChicagoandRoads and freeways in Chicago

Major airports

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Commercial ports

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Transit systems

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Commercial freight

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Chicago has been at the center of the United States' railroad network since the 19th century. Almost allClass I railroadsserve the area, the most in North America.[41]

Passenger

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  • Chicago Transit Authoritytrains, locally referred to as"the 'L' ",(after" elevated train ") serving Chicago and the near suburbs
  • Pace Suburban Busoperates suburban bus and regional vanpool, paratransit, and ride-matching services in the Chicagoland region.
  • Metrarun by the Northeast Illinois Regional Commuter Railroad Corporation:
    • 4 lines serving southern Cook County and Will County
    • 3 lines serving western Cook County, DuPage County, and Kane County
    • 2 lines serving northern Cook County and Lake County
    • 1 line serving northern Cook County, Lake County, and Kenosha County
    • 1 line serving northwestern Cook County and McHenry County
  • South Shore Lineshares the Metra Electric Line in Illinois and connects Chicago toGary,Michigan City,and ending atSouth Bend.
  • AmtrakoperatesUnion Stationwhich is the major Amtrak passenger rail hub with connections to Metra and the within a few blocks of connections to several 'L' lines. Amtrak also operates a connecting station out ofJoliet.

Major highways

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Interstates

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  • Interstate 41(I-41) runs concurrently with Interstate 94 from the northern terminus of the Tri-State Tollway toMilwaukee.
  • Interstate 55(I-55) is the Adlai Stevenson Expy.
  • I-355is the Veterans Memorial Tollway (formerly North-South Tollway).
  • I-57is unofficially the "West Leg" of the Dan Ryan Expy.
  • I-65has no name, whether official or unofficial.
  • I-80is officially called the Borman Expy (cosigned with I-94), Kingery Expy (cosigned with I-94 for 3 miles), Tri-State Tollway (cosigned with I-294 for 4 miles) and is unofficially called the Moline Expy west of I-294.
  • I-88is the Ronald Reagan Memorial Tollway (formerly East-West Tollway)
  • I-90is locally known as Jane Addams Tollway (formerly Northwest Tollway),John F. Kennedy Expy(cosigned with I-94),Dan Ryan Expy(cosigned with I-94), and Chicago Skyway Toll Bridge.
  • I-94is Tri-State Tollway in Lake County, Edens Spur, Edens Expy, John F. Kennedy Expy (cosigned with I-90), Dan Ryan Expy (cosigned with I-90), Bishop Ford Frwy (formerly Calumet Expy), Kingery Expy (cosigned with I-80) and Borman Expy (cosigned with I-80).
  • I-190is the John F. Kennedy Expy spur heading intoChicago-O'Hare Int'l Airport.
  • I-290is the Dwight D. Eisenhower Expy.
  • I-294is the Tri-State Tollway.

Other main highways

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Major corridors

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In addition to theChicago Loop,the metro area is home to a few important subregional corridors of commercial activities. Among them are:

Culture

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Sports

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Main article:Sports in Chicago

Listing of the professional sports teams in the Chicago metropolitan area

Major league professional teams:

Other professional teams:

TheChicagoland Speedwayoval track has hostedNASCAR Cup SeriesandIndyCar Seriesraces. TheChicago Marathonis one of theWorld Marathon Majors. TheWestern OpenandBMW ChampionshiparePGA Tourtournaments that have been held primarily at golf courses near Chicago.

NCAA Division I College Sports Teams:

Cuisine

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Further information:Chicago § Cuisine

Media

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Main article:Media in Chicago

The two main newspapers are theChicago Tribuneand theChicago Sun-Times.Local television channels broadcasting to the Chicago market includeWBBM-TV2 (CBS),WMAQ-TV5 (NBC),WLS-TV7 (ABC),WGN-TV9 (Ind),WTTW11 (PBS),MeTV23,WCIU26 (CW),WFLD32 (FOX),WCPX-TV38 (Ion),WSNS-TV44 (Telemundo),WPWR-TV50 (MyNetworkTV), andWJYS-TV62 (The Way). Radio stations serving the area include:WBBM (AM),WBEZ,WGN (AM),WMBI,WLS (AM),andWSCR.

Education

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Further information:List of school districts in Illinois,List of school districts in Indiana,andList of colleges and universities in Chicago
Whitney M. Young Magnet High Schoolin Chicago

Elementary and secondary education within the Chicago metropolitan area is provided by dozens of different school districts, of which by far the largest is theChicago Public Schoolswith 400,000 students.[42]Numerous private and religious school systems are also found in the region, as well as a growing number ofcharter schools.Racial inequalities in education in the region remain widespread, often breaking along district boundaries;[43]for instance, educational prospects vary widely for students in the Chicago Public Schools compared to those in some neighboring suburban schools.[44]

Historically, the Chicago metropolitan area has been at the center of a number of national educational movements, from the free-flowingWinnetka Planto the regimentedTaylorismof theGary Plan.[45]In higher education,University of ChicagofounderWilliam Rainey Harperwas a leading early advocate of thejunior collegemovement;Joliet Junior Collegeis the nation's oldest continuously operating junior college today.[46]Later U of C presidentRobert Maynard Hutchinswas central to theGreat Booksmovement, and programs ofdialogic educationarising from that legacy can be found today at the U of C, atShimer College,[47]and in theCity Colleges of ChicagoandOakton Collegein the Northwest suburbs.[48]

Area codes

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Main article:List of Illinois area codes

From 1947 until 1988, the Illinois portion of the Chicago metro area was served by a singlearea code,312, which abutted the 815 area code. In 1988 the 708 area code was introduced and the 312 area code became exclusive to the city of Chicago.

It became common to call suburbanites "708'ers", in reference to their area code.

The 708 area code was partitioned in 1996 into three area codes, serving different portions of the metro area: 630, 708, and 847.

At the same time that the 708 area code was running out of phone numbers, the 312 area code in Chicago was also exhausting its supply of available numbers. As a result, the city of Chicago was divided into two area codes, 312 and 773. Rather than divide the city by a north–south area code, the central business district retained the 312 area code, while the remainder of the city took the new 773 code.

In 2002, the 847 area code was supplemented with the overlay area code 224. In February 2007, the 815 area code (serving outlying portions of the metro area) was supplemented with the overlay area code 779. In October 2007, the overlay area code 331 was implemented to supplement the 630 area with additional numbers.

Plans are in place for overlay codes in the 708, 773, and 312 regions as those area codes become exhausted in the future.

  • 312Chicago - City (TheLoopand central neighborhoods, e.g. the Near North Side)
  • 773Chicago - City (Everywhere else within the city limits, excluding central area)
  • 872 Chicago - City (overlay for 312 & 773, effective November 7, 2009)
  • 847/224(North and Northwest Suburbs)
  • 630/331(Outer Western Suburbs)
  • 708(South and Near West Suburbs)
  • 815/779(Rockford& Joliet: Far Northwest/Southwest Suburbs)
  • 219(Northwest Indiana)
  • 574(North-central Indiana)
  • 262(Southeast Wisconsin surroundingMilwaukee County)

Proposed overlays

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  • 464 overlay for 708 (January 21, 2022, rollout)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ab"Elevations of the 50 Largest Cities".U.S. Geological Survey. Archived fromthe originalon November 9, 2013.RetrievedJanuary 23,2016.Chicago city proper only
  2. ^"2020 Population and Housing State Data".United States Census Bureau,Population Division. August 12, 2021.RetrievedNovember 19,2021.
  3. ^"USA: Combined Metropolitan Areas".CityPopulation.de. August 2021.RetrievedNovember 19,2021.
  4. ^"Total Gross Domestic Product for Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI (MSA)".Federal Reserve Economic Data.Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
  5. ^"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Combined Statistical Areas in the United States and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019 (CSA-EST2019-ANNRES)".United States Census Bureau,Population Division. March 2020.RetrievedMay 5,2020.
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