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Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons

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TheColumbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons(officially known asColumbia University Roy and Diana Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons[2]) is themedical schoolofColumbia University,located at theColumbia University Irving Medical Centerin theWashington Heightsneighborhood ofManhattan.

Columbia University
Roy and Diana Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
School seal
TypePrivatemedical school
Established1767;257 years ago(1767)
Parent institution
Columbia University
Endowment$1.136 billion[1]
DeanKatrina Armstrong
Academic staff
4,300
StudentsTotals:1,520
606 M.D.
94 M.D./Ph.D.
776 Ph.D.
Location
Manhattan
,
New York
,
United States

40°50′29″N73°56′28″W/ 40.841519°N 73.941139°W/40.841519; -73.941139
CampusUrban
Websiteps.columbia.eduEdit this at Wikidata

Founded in 1767 bySamuel Bardas the medical department of King's College (now Columbia University), the College of Physicians and Surgeons was the firstmedical schoolin theThirteen Coloniesto award theDoctor of Medicine(MD) degree. Beginning in 1993, the College of Physicians and Surgeons was also the first U.S. medical school to hold awhite coat ceremony.[3]Following a gift of $250 million fromRoy and Diana Vagelosin 2017, the school became the first medical school in the nation to replace loans with scholarships for all students who qualify for financial aid when it did so in 2018.[4]

Columbia is affiliated withNewYork-Presbyterian Hospital.Students additionally rotate through its affiliate hospitals:Harlem Hospital Center;Stamford HospitalinStamford, CT;andMary Imogene Bassett HospitalinCooperstown, NY.

History

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Colonial years

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In 1767, Dr.Samuel Bard,an alumnus of then-King's Collegeand theUniversity of Edinburgh Medical School,opened a medical school at Columbia.[5][6][7][8]At the time, the medical program at King's College was the first to open in theProvince of New Yorkand only the second to be opened in theAmerican Colonies.The school was modelled on theUniversity of Edinburgh Medical School,which at the time was the world leader. Three years later, in 1770, King's College conferred its first medical degree to Robert Tucker, this would prove to be the first Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) awarded in the Thirteen Colonies. Prior to King's College of Medicine offering of the M.D. degree, other American and Canadian medical schools had been offering theBachelor of Medicinedegree. King's College continued to educate young doctors until 1776 when the school was forced to close due to the onset of theRevolutionary Warand theoccupation of New Yorkby British soldiers. King's College remained closed until 1784 when the school was reopened as Columbia College and in December of that year, the faculty of the medical school were re-instated. In 1791, Bard, now a prominent colonial physician whomGeorge Washingtoncredited with saving his life, was named dean of the medical school.

The original entrance to the college
Bard Hall

Merger with the College of Physicians and Surgeons

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In 1807, with a growing young nation in need of adequately trained physicians, theNew York State Board of Regentsfounded, under separate charter, the College of Physicians and Surgeons. Merely four years later, in 1811, Dr. Samuel Bard, dean of Columbia University Medical School, became president of the college. The year 1814 then saw the merger of Columbia University Medical School into the College of Physicians and Surgeons, a move that was made in an attempt to reverse what then was perceived as a period of decline for the medical school.

437 West 59th Street in 1893

Despite this merger, the College of Physicians and Surgeons retained its independence from Columbia and it was only in 1860 that the College of Physicians and Surgeons, at that time occupying buildings across West Fifty-ninth Street from theRoosevelt Hospital(its major teaching hospital at the time), after severing its ties to the New York Board of Regents and through agreement between the trustees of the College of Physicians and Surgeons and Columbia, became the official medical school of Columbia University. This new relationship between the college and Columbia was minimal at best, however, with the college retaining independence from Columbia. It was not until 1891 that the College of Physicians and Surgeons would be fully integrated and incorporated into Columbia. In 1886, the Sloane Maternity Hospital, later theSloane Hospital for Women,was founded as part of Physicians and Surgeons.

Medical Center Formation

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In 1911, Columbia University entered into a "Formal Agreement of Alliance" with Presbyterian Hospital, a hospital founded in 1868 byJames Lenoxa New Yorkphilanthropist.It was this alliance, initiated by philanthropistEdward Harkness,that helped to pave the way for the creation of a new medical center format. In 1928, the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center opened its doors in a building largely funded by Harkness. Set on land in theWashington Heightssection of Manhattan, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center was the first place in the world to provide facilities for patient care, medical education, and research all under one roof. It was the first academic medical center and pioneered the practice of combining medical training with patient care. Included in this project with Presbyterian Hospital were the Babies Hospital, the Neurologic Institute of New York, and the New York State Psychiatric Institute; these were then joined in 1950 by the New York Orthopaedic Hospital.

In 1997, the Presbyterian Hospital merged with New York Hospital (partner ofWeill Cornell MedicineofCornell University) to form theNewYork–Presbyterian Hospital.[9]This new hospital system incorporated many of the satellite hospitals and affiliated programs of these two institutions. While the two medical schools remain independent of one another, there has been significant cross-fertilization between the two campuses, leading to increasing numbers of shared research experiences and training programs. All hospitals in theNewYork-Presbyterian Healthcare Systemare affiliated with either the Cornell or Columbia medical schools.

Renaming

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At the 2017 Crown Awards, PresidentLee Bollingerannounced that the school would officially be renamed as the Columbia University Roy and Diana Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons.[10][11][12]This decision was made in response to a gift of $250 million from Dr. P. Roy and DianaVagelos.[13]$150 million of the gift, was dedicated to endow a fund to help Columbia eliminate student loans for medical students who qualify for financial aid.[13]The remaining $100 million will be divided equally to support precision medicine programs and basic science research as well as an endowed professorship in the Department of Medicine in honor of the Vagelos family's longtime doctor and friend, Thomas P. Jacobs, MD.[14]

Academics

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Beginning in the fall of 2009, the medical school implemented a new curriculum that differed markedly from more traditional structures. The largest change involved a reduction in the number of preclinical months from twenty-four to eighteen and the expansion of the electives and selectives period to fourteen months.[15]Each student now is required to spend four to ten months working on a scholarly project before graduation.[16]

Campus

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Situated on land overlooking theHudson Riverand separated from Columbia's undergraduate campus inMorningside Heightsby approximately fifty blocks and the neighborhood ofHarlem,theColumbia University Medical Centerhas its own unique standing and identity. The campus comprises not only the College of Physicians and Surgeons, but also the College of Dental Medicine (formerly the School of Dental and Oral Surgery), the School of Nursing, the Mailman School of Public Health, the Presbyterian portion ofNewYork-Presbyterian Hospital(including theMorgan Stanley Children's Hospital) and theNew York State Psychiatric Institute.Affiliated hospitals includeHarlem Hospital,Stamford HospitalinStamford,Connecticut, andMary Imogene Bassett HospitalinCooperstown, New York.In August 2016 theRoy and Diana Vagelos Education Center,new 100,000-square-foot, 14-story glass medical education tower opened at 104 Haven Avenue, between 171st and 172nd Streets, near the northern tip of the campus. Housing options on Columbia's Medical Campus include Bard Hall and the Bard-Haven Towers, a complex of three, 31-story apartment buildings overlooking theHudson Riverand theGeorge Washington Bridge.Students are guaranteed housing on campus all years, although many students choose to live in other parts of New York City.

Student life

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Aerial view of the Columbia University Medical Center

P&S Club

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There are student clubs covering a range of professional and personal interests, all of which fall under the umbrella of the P&S Club. One unusual element is the Bard Hall Players, a theatrical group entirely run by the students of the medical campus, and one of the largest and most active medical school theater groups in the country. They perform a musical and two plays each year. Founded over a century ago byJohn Mott,the 1946Nobel Peace Prizerecipient, the P&S Club serves to support and provide activities and organizations for the enrichment of the lives of the College of Physicians and Surgeons students. The P&S Club is well known for its humanitarian aims; most notably the 1917 purchase of a steam launch delivered to Sir William Grenfell, a physician living inLabrador.This launch was used to deliver medical services to theInuitandFirst Nationsfishermen living on the islands of the Labrador coast and frequently, was crewed by P&S students.[citation needed]

Prominent faculty

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Prominent faculty members include Nobel Prize laureatesRichard Axel,Eric Kandel,andJoachim Frank;authorOliver Sacks;2011 Pulitzer Prize winner for nonfictionSiddhartha Mukherjee;andRudolph Leibelwhose co-discovery of thehormoneleptin,and cloning of theleptinandleptin receptorgenes, has had a major role in the area of understandinghumanobesity.[17][18]Jean C. Emond,Thomas S. Zimmer Professor of Surgery, participated in the first living-donorliver transplantationin children in North America[19]and established the liver transplant program at Columbia, which has become one of the largest in the United States.[20]Joshua Sonett,Professor of Clinical Surgery, performed chest surgery on former PresidentBill Clintonin 2005.[21]

Notable alumni

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Main category:Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons alumni

Medical innovators

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Nobel laureates

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Writers

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Others

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Other alumni include astronautStory Musgrave,Olympic championJenny Thompson(twelve medals, including eight gold medals), former Afghan prime ministerAbdul Zahir,mayor of the City ofRancho Cucamonga, California(2006–)Don Kurth,and philanthropistsTheodore K. LawlessandJean Shafiroff.George Fletcher Chandlerserved with theUS Army Medical Corpsand practiced as a physician and surgeon throughout New York in addition to organizing and serving as the first Superintendent of theNew York State Police.Charles W. BerrywasNew York City Comptroller.

Serbpolitician and accusedwar criminalRadovan Karadžićstudied at Columbia for a year. FormerNBAplayerMark Popeattended P&S, but left to coach college basketball.

Megumi Yamaguchi Shinodawas the firstAsian Americanwoman to graduate from P&S and one of the first women of Japanese ancestry in the United States to receive aDoctor of Medicine degree.[28][29]

John L. Leal's application of chlorine disinfection technology and his defense of the chemical's use, contributed significantly to the eradication of typhoid fever and other waterborne diseases in the U.S.

Robert Ernest Noble,who received his M.D. in 1899 was a U.S. Army medical officer who researched causes and treatments foryellow feverandmalariaduring construction of thePanama Canal.[30]After his service in France duringWorld War I,he was the longtime director of theLibrary of the Surgeon General's Office.[31]

See also

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References

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  1. ^"Facts & Statistics (2010) | College of Physicians and Surgeons".Ps.columbia.edu. December 15, 2017.RetrievedOctober 24,2019.
  2. ^"College of Physicians and Surgeons Named for Roy and Diana Vagelos | Office of the President".president.columbia.edu.RetrievedFebruary 17,2023.
  3. ^"White Coat Ceremony '10 | Columbia University Medical Center".Cumc.columbia.edu. September 13, 2010.RetrievedOctober 24,2019.
  4. ^"Columbia Launches Scholarship Program to Eliminate Medical School Loans for Students with Financial Need".April 11, 2018.
  5. ^"Columbia University Taking Medical School Founder Samuel Bard's Name Off Campus Dorm Due To Slave-Owning Past".cbsnews.RetrievedJanuary 12,2023.
  6. ^Wortsman, Peter (April 9, 2019).The Caring Heirs of Doctor Samuel Bard: Profiles of Selected Distinguished Graduates of Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons.Columbia University Press.ISBN978-0-231-54932-5.
  7. ^O'Neill, Emma (January 14, 2016)."How the Scots built: New York".The Scotsman.
  8. ^Anderson, Marynita; Nolosco, Marynita Anderson (2004).Physician Heal Thyself: Medical Practitioners of Eighteenth-century New York.Peter Lang.ISBN978-0-8204-2580-1.
  9. ^"NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell | Weill Cornell Medicine Samuel J. Wood Library".library.weill.cornell.edu.RetrievedMarch 20,2024.
  10. ^Cain, Áine."A former big pharma CEO donated $250 million to Columbia Medical School to help eliminate student loans".Business Insider.RetrievedJanuary 19,2023.
  11. ^Bhakta, Alisa (December 10, 2017)."Two well-known Penn donors just gifted $250 million to Columbia's medical school".The Daily Pennsylvanian.RetrievedJanuary 19,2023.
  12. ^Karon, Paul."A Big Gift to Barnard College Highlights Need and Opportunity to Support Women in STEM".Inside Philanthropy.RetrievedJanuary 19,2023.
  13. ^abOtterman, Sharon (December 4, 2017). "With $250 Million Gift, Columbia Medical School Looks to End Student Debt".The New York Times.p. A21.ISSN0362-4331.
  14. ^"Thomas Jacobs obituary".The New York Times.April 20, 2019.RetrievedOctober 24,2019– viaLegacy.
  15. ^"Top Medical Schools React to Harvard's Curriculum Change | News | The Harvard Crimson".thecrimson.RetrievedMarch 14,2024.
  16. ^"The Columbia Curriculum".January 23, 2018.
  17. ^Shell E (January 1, 2002). "Chapter 4: On the Cutting Edge".The Hungry Gene: The Inside Story of the Obesity Industry.Atlantic Monthly Press.ISBN978-1422352434.
  18. ^Shell E (January 1, 2002). "Chapter 5: Hunger".The Hungry Gene: The Inside Story of the Obesity Industry.Atlantic Monthly Press.ISBN978-1422352434.
  19. ^CUMC LiverMD 2007.
  20. ^CUMC Immunology 2007.
  21. ^Altman, Lawrence K. (March 11, 2005)."Clinton's 4-Hour Surgery Went Well, Doctors Say".The New York Times.RetrievedMay 11,2020.
  22. ^The Crafoord Prize in Polyarthritis 2013ArchivedSeptember 24, 2014, at theWayback Machine,Crafoord Prize. Press Release. January 17, 2013. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
  23. ^"Paul Stelzer".The American Association for Thoracic Surgery | AATS.RetrievedOctober 15,2024.
  24. ^"Dr. Paul Stelzer MD".U.S. News & World Report.RetrievedOctober 15,2024.
  25. ^Ali, Ayaan."Columbia medical school receives historic $400 million gift from Roy and Diana Vagelos".Columbia Daily Spectator.RetrievedOctober 15,2024.
  26. ^Grauer, Neil A. (February 4, 2021)."Defanging the 'Rattlesnake'".Johns Hopkins Medicine.RetrievedOctober 15,2024.
  27. ^"History of Medicine: Whipple's Improvised Breakthrough | Columbia Surgery".columbiasurgery.org.RetrievedOctober 15,2024.
  28. ^"Megumi Shinoda: First Asian American Female Graduate".Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons.May 31, 2023.RetrievedNovember 29,2023.
  29. ^"Celebrating the Women Who Did It First".Barnard College.RetrievedNovember 29,2023.
  30. ^Hobson, Sarah, ed. (December 1918)."Biographical Summary, Robert E. Noble".Journal of the American Institute of Homœopathy.Chicago, IL: American Institute of Homeopathy. p. 591 – viaGoogle Books.
  31. ^Hobson,p. 591.
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