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Breakfast by country

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Breakfast,the first meal of the day eaten after waking from the night's sleep, varies in composition and tradition across the world.

Africa

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Breakfast inAfricavaries greatly from region to region.[1]

Algeria

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Algerian breakfast foods

Due to Algeria's history of having been a colony of France, breakfast inAlgeriais heavily influenced byFrench cuisineand most commonly consists ofcafé au laitorespressoalong with a sweet pastry (some common examples arecroissants,mille-feuilles,pain au chocolatsknown as "petits pains", etc.) or some kind of traditional bread with adatefilling or jam (kesra, bradj, etc.)

Egypt

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Most Egyptians begin the day with a light breakfast.Ful medames(dish of cookedfava beans), one ofEgypt's several national dishes, is typical. It is seasoned with salt andcumin,garnished with vegetable oil and optionally withtahini,chopped parsley, chopped tomato, garlic, onion, lemon juice and chili pepper, and often served topped with a boiled egg. It is scooped up and eaten with the staple whole wheatpitabread calledEish MasriorEish Baladi(Egyptian Arabic:عيشEgyptian Arabic pronunciation:[ʕeːʃ];Modern Standard Arabic:ʿayš) and usually accompanied bytaʿamiya(Egyptian Arabic:طعمية) which is the local variant offalafelmade with fava beans, fresh cut homemadeFrench friesand various fresh or pickled vegetables (calledtorshi). Several kinds of cheeses are popular, includinggebna bēḍaorDomyaticheese,gebna rūmi(Roman cheese) which is similar toPecorino RomanoorManchego,and Istanbuli cheese (a brined white cheese with peppers added to the brine which makes it spicy). Fried eggs withpastirmais also a common breakfast food in Egypt.

Malawi

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For breakfast, some children inMalawieatporridge,cornbread,savoryfritters,and boiled starchy vegetables, such as white potatoes,sweet potatoes,orpumpkin,and drinksweet black tea.[2]

Morocco

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Msemen,a common breakfast inMoroccan cuisine

For breakfast, many Moroccans eat bread,harcha(semolina griddle cakes), ormsemen(oiled pancakes) with olive oil, tea, and different kinds of Moroccan crepes.[3]

Nigeria

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Nigeriahas over 250 different ethnic groups,[4]with a corresponding variety of cuisines. For theHausaof northern Nigeria, a typical breakfast consists ofkosai(cakes made from ground beans which are then fried) orfunkaso(wheat flour soaked for a day then fried and served with sugar). Both of these cakes can be served with porridge and sugar known askoko.For the southwesternYoruba people(Ilé Yorùbá) one of the most common breakfasts isÒgì— a porridge made from corn, usually served withevaporated milk.Ògì is eaten withAcarajé(akara) orMoi moi.[5]Both are made from ground bean paste; akara is fried in oil, and moi moi is wrapped in leaves or foil and then steamed. Ògì can also be steamed in leaves to harden it and eaten with akara or moi moi for breakfast.English teaormaltais served as a breakfast drink. Another popular option in southwest Nigeria isGari,which is eaten like cereal.Gari,known in Brazil asfarofa,is made from the root ofcassava.For breakfast, it is soaked in water and sweetened with sugar.[6]

Senegal

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Breakfast typically consists ofcafé Touba,[a][7]spicedcoffeewith abundantsugarsometimes consumed with dried milk,[8]orkinkelibatea.[9]Smallbeignetsand fresh fruit, includingmangoesandbananas,are often part of a simple breakfast, and are accompanied bybaguette[10]with various spreads: Chocoleca (aNutellaequivalent made frompeanuts),butter,or processed mild cheese.

Somalia

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Canjeero(injera), a popular dish inSomalian cuisine

Breakfast (quraac) is an important meal for Somalis, who often start the day with some style of tea (shaah). The main dish is typically pancake-like bread (canjeero,canjeelo). It might also be eaten with a stew or soup (maraq).[11]Lahohis apancake-like bread originating inSomalia,DjiboutiandYemen.[12][13]It is often eaten along withhoneyandgheeorbeef jerky(muqmad) and washed down with a cup oftea.During lunch,lahohis sometimes consumed with soup or stew.

Tunisia

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In Tunisia,Lablabiis a common and popular breakfast stew.

Tunisians also adopted a lot of habits from the French Breakfast during colonization such as having a slice of Baguette with Jam and butter as well as orange juice and coffee with milk.

Uganda

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InUganda,most tribes have different cuisines but the most popular breakfast dishes areporridgeandkatogo.Porridgeis made by mi xing maize flour or millet flour with water and bringing the mixture to a boil.[14]Whilekatogois made frommatoke(greenbananas), peeled and cooked in the same pot with a sauce (beef,peanuts,beans, or greens), katogo is served withteaorjuice.[15]Both dishes are popular in all regions of Uganda.

Asia

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Breakfasts vary widely throughoutAsia.In Arab countries, breakfast is often a quick meal, consisting ofbreadand dairy products, withteaand sometimes jam. Flat bread with olive oil andza'taris also popular.[3]

Bangladesh

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The typical Bangladeshi breakfast consists of flour-based flatbreads such aschapati,roti,orparatha,served with a curry. Usually, the curry can be mixed vegetable (sobji), home-fried potatoes (alu vaji), lentil (dal), scrambled eggs (dim vaji). Luxurious breakfast usually includes chicken rejala, beef or mutton paya and liver curry (gila-kolija). The breakfast varies according to location and the eater's income. In villages and rural areas,ricewithcurry(potato mash, dal) is mostly preferred by day laborers. In the city, sliced bread with jam, jelly, butter and omelette is chosen due to time efficiency. In Bangladesh tea is preferred to coffee and is an essential part of most breakfasts. Having toasted biscuits, bread or puffed rice with tea is also very popular.

China

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Chinese homemade congee

Asmainland Chinais made up of many distinct provinces, each with its own unique cuisine, breakfast in China can vary significantly from province to province. In general, basic choices include sweet or salty pancakes, soup, deep-fried bread sticks or doughnuts (youtiao), buns (mantou), porridge (congee), and fried or soup-based noodles.[16]These options are often accompanied by tea or sweetenedsoybean milk.However, condiments for porridge and the soup base tend to vary between provinces and regions. The types of teas that are served and spices that are used can also differ significantly between the provinces.

Hong Kong

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Due to its nearly two centuries' history as a British colony and proximity to China'sCanton region,both English and traditional Cantonese style breakfasts are of somewhat equal popularity inHong Kong,as well as the hybrid form of breakfast commonly offered inCha chaan teng.Cha Chaan Teng breakfasts often includeHong Kong-style milk tea,pan-fried egg, bread, Cantonese noodles, or Hong Kong-style macaroni in soup.[17]Traditional Cantonese breakfast may includedim sum,which includes a variety of different ingredients and is prepared in numerous different forms from delicately wrappedbaby shrimp steamed dumplingsto sweetwater chestnut cake.Each dish is designed to be sampled and diners can go through a large selection of dim sum quickly accompanied by a generous amount of good tea.Tieguanyinis the most common accompaniment, but other teas such aspu'erandoolongare also common.[18]Fried and rice-based noodles and cakes are also popular. In modern times, dim sum is commonly prepared and served inYum Charestaurants rather than at home because of the skill and efforts involved in the preparation.

India

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Idliandsambar- aSouth Indianbreakfast
South Indiandosaserved withchutneyandsambar

In all, there are at least 25 types of Indian breakfasts, each consisting of a choice of over 100 different food items.[19]Each state in India has different specialties and items for breakfast. Thus there is no single standard Indian breakfast, with items changing with regions. However, one can broadly classify breakfast varieties in India into two types: North Indian and South Indian. The eastern and western parts of India also have individual breakfast items unique to their cultures and states.

A typical south Indian breakfast consists of idli,[20]vada,ordosa[21]coupled withchutneyandsambar.Many variations of these dishes exist such asrava idli,thayir vadai (yogurt vada), sambar vada andmasala dosa.Other popular south Indian breakfast items arepongal,bisibelebath,upma,andpoori.The state ofKeralahas some special breakfast items such asappam,parotta,puttu,idiyappam,andpalappam.[21]

The people ofBiharin eastern India eatlitti chokhaanddahi chura.

A typical north Indian breakfast may either be a type ofparathaorrotiserved with a vegetable curry, curd, and pickles. There are several varieties of parathas available depending on the type of stuffing such asaloo paratha,paneer(cottage cheese) paratha, mooli paratha (radish paratha), etc.[22]Other popular breakfast items in the north arepoori bhaji,poha,and bhindi bhujia.

Among Bengals roti and curry are the general variants in breakfast. The menu may also include "IndianFrench toast"which is also known as" Bombay toast ", chire bhaja (flaked rice fried in oil with salt added to taste),[23]and boiled eggs.

In Western India, aGujaratihousehold may servedhoklas,khakhras,or theplas for breakfast, the most popular of which is methi thepla.[24]InMangalore,the breakfast dishoondeesmay be served. InMaharashtra,the typical breakfast (nashta) consists of kande pohe,upma,ukkad, andthalipeeth.[25]Sometimes, chapati bhaji or a chapati roll with tea becomes breakfast. In South India, aTamilhousehold may serveidlis,dosas,orvadasfor breakfast, the most popular of which is Idli.[26]

In Kashmir, people prefer to have their authentic traditional food items like Noon Chai, Chhir Chot, Kahwa, Girda, Lavasa Masala Tchot and Bakarkhani for breakfast. Sometimes they also eat Chochwor and Roth in their morning meal.[citation needed]

Apart from traditional breakfast, factory produced bread is consumed throughout India with butter, jelly or jam or as French toast, where bread is fried with egg, onions and oil.

Levant

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Traditional Levantine Breakfast with a Variety of Local Delights.

Levantine breakfasts are renowned for their diversity and nutritional value, serving as a wholesome start to the day in the Levant region, which includes countries such asLebanon,Syria,Jordan,IsraelandPalestine.These meals reflect the rich culinary traditions and cultural heritage of the area.[27]

One of the most iconic dishes of a Levantine breakfast is theManakish.This traditional flatbread comes in a variety of flavors, ranging from the classicZa'atartopping to the rich, creamynabulsicheese. Typically served hot and fresh from the oven,manakishoffers a satisfying and flavorful breakfast option, deeply rooted in the region's culinary heritage.[27]

Indonesia

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Indonesian chicken porridge

Indonesiais a greatmelting potcountry andmultiracialnation with more than600 ethnic groups.[28]InIndonesian,breakfast is known assarapanormakan pagi,breakfast options are different in the different areas. Rice is a staple food in Indonesia[29]and commonly served at breakfast. A typical Indonesian breakfast,bubur ayam[30]is arice congeewith shredded chicken meat served with some condiments, such as chopped scallion, crispy fried shallot, celery,tongcai,fried soybean,cakwe,both salty and sweet soy sauce, and sometimes topped with yellow chicken broth andkrupuk.Steamed riceincoconut milkknown asnasi uduk[31]is made by cooking rice soaked in coconut milk instead of water, along with clove, cassia bark, and lemongrass to add aroma. Sometimes knotted pandan leaves are thrown into the rice while steaming to give it more fragrance. The coconut milk and spices imparts an oily, rich taste to the rice.Nasi gurih,[32]nasi lemak[33]andnasi liwet[34]are breakfast dishes that are similar tonasi uduk.

In eastern Indonesia, a sago congeepapedais a staple breakfast of native people in Maluku and Papua.[35]Papeda is made up ofsagostarchand generally consumed withmackerel.

However, bread is also a popular choice for breakfast.Roti bakaris a sandwich toast filled withhagelslagorspreads.Kuemay be eaten throughout the day for light breakfast, such asarem-arem,bagea,bahulu,gapit,kochi,nagasari,lemperandserabi.

Other typical Indonesian breakfasts includebakpau(meatbun),bihun goreng(fried rice vermicelli),bubur cha cha(cha-chaporridge),bubur kacang hijau(mung beans porridge),bubur sumsum(gruel),burgo(rice pancake in coconut milk-based soup),gado-gado(salad with rice cake in peanut sauce),gudeg(jackfruit curry),ketoprak(salad with rice vermicelli in peanut sauce),lontong sayur(rice cake and vegetable in coconut milk-based soup),nasi campur(mixed rice),nasi goreng(fried rice),nasi kari(rice and curry),nasi kuning(turmeric rice),nasi padang(rice with a variety of dishes),nasi pecel(rice with salad in peanut sauce),panekuk(pancake),roti canai(flatbread),roti gambang(herbs bread),roti jala(net bread),roti john(sandwich with minced meat and egg),sayur sop(vegetable soup in clear broth),soto(traditional soup with different variations) andtinutuan(leafy vegetables porridge).

Iran

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Breakfast in Iran can vary significantly from province to province. Breakfast in Iran generally consists of different kinds of flatbread – such asbarbari,tafton,sangak,orlavashorgerdeh– eaten with white cheese, butter, jam, marmalade (morabba), honey, clotted cream (sar sheer), sesame sauce (ardeh) or sesame cream or other sesame products, or nuts and fresh/dried fruits, and accompanied by black tea or coffee. Frequently, breakfast can be as simple as butter and jam on bread with tea. Iranians prefer to drink their hot black tea with sugar. Traditional cooked dishes for breakfast includehaleem(wheat and chicken/lamb/turkey porridge eaten with cinnamon), oatmeal orkale pache(sheep's feet, stomach, and other offal), baked beans, adasi (green lentil soup), fried/boiled/soft-boiled eggs,omlet(eggs cooked in tomato sauce).

Israel

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AnIsraeli breakfast

The Israeli breakfast is a mix of culinary influences from eastern Europe,agrarianYishuvculture,North African cuisine,andLevantine cuisine.[36]It usually consists of a range of cheeses along with sliced vegetables, scrambled eggs (or another kind of fried egg)[37][38]and bread, served with spreads like butter, jam, or honey. The most commonly used vegetables are cucumbers, tomatoes, and red bell peppers; carrots, onions and radishes may also be included.[39]Cheeses include, at the very least,cottage cheese,quarkorfromage blanc,and a local variety ofEdam( "yellow cheese" ), and oftenTzfatitandlabnehtoo. Side dishes including pickled olives andherringmay also be served. Typical Middle Easternmezzesuch asIsraeli salad,hummus,tehinaandbaba ghanoush,as well asShakshoukaand a variety ofsaladsmay be served.[39]The meal is most often accompanied by coffee, tea and orange juice. A typical Israeli meal could be either dairy- or meat-based,but not both.Only certain types of meatare considered kosher.Israeli hotels usually present this type of breakfast as abuffet.[40]Restaurants may prefer a pre-set "Israeli Breakfast" menu item.[41]

Japan

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"Japanese breakfast" redirects here. For the pop band, seeJapanese Breakfast.
A traditional Japanese breakfast of rice, pickles (umeboshiandtakuan), grilled salmon, egg,nori,and vegetables

Breakfast in modern Japanese households comes in two major variations: Japanese style and Western style.[42]Japanese-style breakfasts are eaten widely in Japan, but often only onweekendsand non-working days.[42]Younger Japanese couples may prefer Western-style breakfasts because they are generally less time-consuming to prepare.[42]The standard Japanese breakfast consists of steamed whiterice,a bowl ofmiso soup,and Japanese-style pickles (liketakuanorumeboshi).[42][43]A raweggandnoriare often served; the raw egg is beaten in a small bowl and poured on the hot rice[42]to make golden coloredtamago kake gohan,whilst thenori(sheets of dried seaweed) is used to wrap rice.[42]Grilled fish and Japanesegreen teaare often served as well.[43]

Western-style breakfasts in Japanese households are similar to those in the United States. Japanese children often eatcorn flakesand drink milk, hot chocolate or fruit juice. Japanese adults (especially younger ones) tend to havetoastwith butter or jam, eggs, and slices of vegetables. They often drink coffee ororange juice.[42]Traditional Japanese inns (likeryokan) serve complete traditional breakfast.[42]Western-style hotels and restaurants in Japan generally offer a mix of the Western and Japanese styles.[42]

Korea

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Traditionally,Koreanbreakfasts consist mainly of rice and soup dishes. These can include small amounts of fish or beef, and some form of broth, stew or porridge. Like all Korean meals, breakfast is usually served withbanchan,or side dishes consisting ofkimchi,Gyeran-jjim(steamed eggs) andtofu.[44]

Malaysia and Singapore

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Nasi lemakas served in aPenangrestaurant
Kaya toast,soft-boiled eggs and two cups ofkopiat a Singaporeankopitiam

As multiracial nations, breakfast options vary greatly in bothMalaysiaandSingapore.Breakfast is typically consumed in various establishments i.e.gerai,kopitiamsandhawker centres.[45]A traditional Malaysian and Singaporean breakfast consists ofnasi lemak(fragrantcoconut ricedish served with various accompaniments, typicallysambal,slicedcucumbers,egg,fried chicken,roastedpeanutsand friedanchovies),roti canai/prata(Indian-influencedflatbread),teh tarik(milk-infusedblack teawith a foamy head),kaya toast(coconut milk jam with bread), half-boiled eggs andKopi(coffee made fromrobustabeans, typically roasted with butter ormargarineand sugar).[46]Locals usually dip the toast into the eggs mixed withsoya sauceandpepper.[45]Other commonly consumed dishes includenasi dagang(Coconut ricedish served with pickled vegetables and curriedtongkol),nasi kerabu(rice dish served with fresh vegetables and herbs),laksa(rice noodle dish in spicy broth), fishball noodles,bihun goreng(fried rice vermicelli),dim sumandappam(small savoury pancakes).[45]

Myanmar

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InBurma,the traditional breakfast ishtamin jaw,fried rice with boiledpeas(pè byouk), andyei nway jan(green tea), especially among the poor.[47]Glutinous riceorkao hnyinis steamed and wrapped inbanana leafoften served with peas askao hnyin baungwith a sprinkle of crushed and salted toasted sesame.[47]Equally popular is the purple variety of rice known asnga cheikwhich is cooked the same way and callednga cheik paung.Si daminis sticky rice cooked withturmericand onions in peanut oil which is served with crushed and salted toasted sesame and crispfried onions.Assorted fritters such asbaya jaw(urad dal) are often served as a complement.

Nan byaornaan(Indian-style flatbreads) again withpè byoukor simply buttered, is served with Indian tea or coffee. It goes well withhseiksoup(mutton soup).[47]Friedchapati,blistered likenan byabut crispy, withpè byoukand crispy fried onions is a popular alternative.[48]Htat ta ya,lit. "a hundred layers", is flaky multi-layered friedparathaserved with eitherpè byoukor a sprinkle of sugar.[49]Eeja gway(Chinese-style fried breadsticks oryoutiao) with Indian tea or coffee is another favourite.[47]Mohinga,[50]perhaps the most popular of all, now available as an "all-day breakfast" in many towns and cities, is ricevermicelliin fish broth kept on the boil withchickpea flouror crushed toasted rice,lemon grass,sliced banana stem, onions, garlic, ginger, pepper andfish pasteand served with crispy fried onions, crushed dried chilli,coriander,fish sauceand lime. Add fritters such as split chickpea (pè jan jaw), urad dal (baya jaw) orgourd(bu jaw), boiled egg and friedfish cake(nga hpè jaw).

Pakistan

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In Pakistan, breakfast can consist ofparatha(a South Asian flatbread) and an omelette with black milk tea. Another common dish isnihari.Nihari is a popular meat-based dish, originally from Old Delhi.[citation needed]It may be served with various South Asian flatbreads (such as the aforementioned paratha). When Pakistan gained independence in 1947, numerous immigrants from Delhi settled in Karachi and established their own restaurants. As a result, nihari is associated with Pakistani cuisine.[51]The dish’s name comes from an Arabic word for “morning” (nehar).[52]Other common dishes eaten for breakfast in Pakistan includehalwa pooriandsiri paya.

Philippines

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Atocilogserved withatchara
Pandesal

A typical Filipino breakfast usually includes one or more fried eggs (either scrambled or sunny side-up),tocino,dried fish known astuyo,tapa,and fried rice, normally seasoned with garlic. The wordsilogis a portmanteau ofsinangag(garlic fried rice) anditlog(egg), which form the basis of many breakfast combinations. These combinations includetapsilog(with tapa),tocilog(with tocino), andlongsilog(withlongganisa).[53]Breakfast is usually served at seven in the morning since school classes start relatively early. If a cooked breakfast is unavailable, a bread calledpandesalis eaten instead, together with cheese, peanut butter, jam, orkesong putiasspreads.[54]

Taiwan

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Main article:Taiwanese cuisine
Taiwanese breakfast

Traditional Taiwanese breakfasts consist of a variety of dishes, usually containing a lot of carbohydrates and proteins to start off the day. In northern Taiwan,shaobingandyoutiaoare common and usually washed down by a hot or cold glass ofsoymilkorrice milk.[55]Other popular dishes includescallion pancake,turnip cake,anddanbing.[56]Down south, typical breakfast dishes includemilkfish congee,eel noodles,tube rice pudding,beef soup andbubble tea.[57]

Europe

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Most hotels in Europe offer a diverse breakfast buffet which is included in the room price for staying guests.

Continental European breakfasts are generally lighter than in the United States of America or the United Kingdom, and apart from coffee all drinks are often cold. Bread with boiled eggs, cheese and cold meat slices may be found, and pastries and preserves are normal.Muesli,a Germanic breakfast invention, is popular in many places, and fruit and fruit juices common. Coffee or tea are near-universal.

The apparent lightness of continental breakfast compared to much of the rest of the world and specially thefull English breakfast,probably comes from medieval times when breakfast wasdisapproved of by many clerical and medical writers.The 16th century seems to have marked a change in attitude[citation needed].

Insoutheast Europe,in countries such asBulgaria,Bosnia,Montenegro,North Macedoniaand parts ofCroatiabreakfast usually consists of various kinds of savory or sweet pastry, with cheese, meat or jam filling. The most typical breakfast consists of two slices ofburekand a glass ofyogurt.[58]Breakfast also often consists of open sandwiches. The sandwich is spread with butter, with toppings added such asprosciuttoand yellowcheese.

Continental breakfast

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A "continental breakfast" for two people
A continental breakfast ofmuffins,croissantsand bread, fruit, slices of cheese and meat

The continental breakfast is a variant of lighter European styles, developed in English-speaking countries by the hotel industry. A continental breakfast usually includes items chosen because they are shelf-stable, and can be served in portion sizes that are appropriate for large groups of people. Typical items include coffee, tea, fruit juice, fruit, baked goods such as bread, muffins, and pastries, along with packets of butter and jam, and cold milk and cereal.[59]

Other possible items include hot water and instant oatmeal packets, a toaster for making toast, and awaffle ironor other means to make pancakes and waffles from batter. The hospitality industry's continental breakfast is influenced by cuisine in France and the Mediterranean, whose breakfasts are lighter and more delicate than the typicalfull English breakfast,which tends to consist of a large plate of eggs, bacon, sausage, toast, beans, and roasted mushrooms and tomatoes,[60]and American breakfasts featuring eggs,preserved meats,pancakes, potatoes, and toast.[59]

The term originated in America in the late-19th century, first used in 1896 public hygiene bookThe Sanitarian,a New York published volume with American born Agrippa Nelson Bell as its editor, in which "continent" refers to the countries of mainlandEurope.The idea itself had been around for a few decades as American hotels endeavored to appeal to the changing tastes of the emerging middle class and European travelers visiting the United States.Economy and limited service hotels,which may not have a full restaurant, often include continental breakfast as part of the room price. Continental breakfasts are also more cost-effective for the establishments serving them, because they require fewer staff to prepare and serve them.[61][62]

Albania

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InAlbania,the breakfast often consists of a scone, milk, tea, eggs, jam or cheese. Meat is not preferred during the breakfast and it is usually substituted for seafood such as canned sardines or tuna which is typically served with condiments such as mustard or mayonnaise. Whole grain cereals and pastries are mostly consumed by children. A shot ofrakimay be added to coffee as in the ItalianCaffè corretto.

Croatia

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InCroatia,the base is a continental breakfast with a variety of pastries with or without fillings (marmalade,chocolate, cheese, ham, nuts,poppy) andfermented milk products(yogurt, soured milk, soured cream). Cold cuts, such asprosciutto,ham, salami,kulen,bacon, and various cheeses, are also favored.[63]Fried eggs oromeletandVienna sausagewithmayonnaise,mustardorajvarare very often consumed. In continental partssir i vrhnje(cottage cheesewith soured cream and some spices) is traditional. Coffee is much preferred over tea (mostlyherbal tea).

Denmark

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A typical breakfast inDenmarkconsists of slices of rye bread (rugbrød) with yellow cheese, a soft-boiled egg – or more rarely – ham, salami or liver spread (leverpostej), or it may consist ofbreakfast cerealssuch asoatmealorcorn flakes,with yogurt being a popular alternative. White bread orbread rolls(rundstykker) are eaten with yellow cheese and different kinds of jams, usually made from berries or citrus fruits, and other toppings, all accompanied by coffee or tea.

Weekends or festive occasions may call forDanish pastries(wienerbrød),chocolate,or a shot ofbitters,such asGammel Dansk.[64]

Finland

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AKarelian pastrywith cheese and sausage for breakfast

Breakfast usually consists of coffee or tea with open sandwiches. The sandwich is often buttered, with toppings such as hard cheese or cold cuts.[65]Finns usually do not have sweets on their breads such as jam, or chocolate. Sour milk products such as yogurt orviiliare also common breakfast foods, usually served in a bowl with cereals such as corn flakes,muesli,and sometimes with sugar, fruit, or jam. Oatmeal or mixed grainporridgemay also be served, usually topped with butter.

France

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A traditional French breakfast of tartines and a bowl of coffee

InFrance,a typical domestic breakfast consists of a cup of coffee, oftencafé au lait,orhot chocolate,sometimes accompanied by a glass of orange or grapefruit juice. The main food consists of sweet products such astartines(slices ofbaguetteor other breads spread with butter, jam, or chocolate paste), sometimes dunked in the hot drink.Briochesand other pastries such ascroissants,pains au chocolatandpains aux raisinsare also traditional, but more of a weekend special treat.[66]Other products such as breakfast cereals, fruitcompote,fromage blanc,and yogurt are becoming increasingly common as part of the meal. A traditional French breakfast does not include any savory product, but breakfast buffets in hotels often include ham, cheese, and eggs. French people do not usually eat from plates at breakfast, preferring to savor their croissants ortartinesover a bowl of hot chocolate.

French children often eat tartines and drink orange juice or hot chocolate for breakfast.[2]

Germany and Austria

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German breakfast foods

The typicalGermanbreakfast consists of bread or bread rolls, butter, jam, ham, cheeses, meat spreads, cold cuts, hard- or soft-boiled eggs, and coffee or tea. Cereals have become popular, and regional variation is significant. Yogurt, granola, and fruit (fresh or stewed) may appear, as well as eggs cooked to order (usually at smaller hotels orbed-and-breakfasts).[67]Asecond breakfastis traditional in parts of Germany, notablyBavariawhere it is called "Brotzeit"(literally" bread time ").

Greece

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Home breakfasts in Greece include bread with butter,honey,ormarmaladewith coffee or milk. Breakfast cereals are also eaten. Children also eatNutellatype cream on bread. No breakfast at all is common.[68]Various kinds of savoury pastry (Tyropita,spanakopita,andbougatsa) are also eaten for breakfast, also by those eating out, usually accompanied withGreek coffeeorFrappé coffee.

Traditional Greek breakfast (hot milk, fresh bread, butter and honey, or yogurt) was also available in special "milk shops" (in Greek Galaktopoleia – Γαλακτοπωλείαγαλακτοπωλείο). Milk shops were phased out between 1970 and 1990 – there are very few left, one is in Athens,[69]and some exist in small towns.

Hungary

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InHungary,people usually have a large breakfast. Hungarian breakfast is typically anopen sandwichmade with fresh bread or toast, butter, cheese or different cream cheeses,túrócheese orkörözött(Liptauer cheese spread), cold cuts such as ham, liverpâté(calledmájkrém,orkenőmájas), bacon,salami,beef tongue,mortadella,disznósajt(head cheese), and different Hungarian sausages orkolbász.[70]Eggs (fried, scrambled or boiled),French toastcalledbundás kenyérand vegetables (such as peppers, bell peppers, tomatoes, radishes, scallions, and cucumber) may also form part of a Hungarian breakfast. Sometimes a simple breakfast will consist of a cup of milk, tea, or coffee taken with one or more pastries, bread rolls (including crescent-shapedkifli), toast, other pastries with different fillings (sweet and savory), butter, jam, or honey and abunor astrudel[71]or cereal likemuesli,yogurt,kefir,and perhaps fruit.

Iceland

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A typical Icelandic breakfast in 1900 includedoatmeal porridge,skyr,black pudding,rye bread,and coffee.[72]

In modern times, oatmeal porridge and orange juice are popular[72][2]but the most common breakfast is a simple combination of bread and coffee.[72]In 1995, over 90% of people hadsoured milkorskyrfor breakfast with added cereal, notablyCheeriosorcorn flakes.[72]Around 2000, Iceland was the world leader inCocoa Puffschocolate cereal consumption.[72]Cod liver oilis commonly had with breakfast as a dietary supplement.[72]

Italy

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The modern breakfast inItalyoften consists of acaffè latte(hot coffee with milk) with bread or rolls, butter and jam – known asprima colazioneor justcolazione.Fette biscottate(a cookie-like hard bread often eaten with hazelnut chocolate spread or butter and jam) andbiscotti(cookies) are commonly eaten. Hot coffee may be sometimes replaced by hot tea, depending on personal taste. Children often drink hot chocolate, plain milk, hot milk withbarleycoffee, or hot milk with very little coffee. Cereals, yogurt, and fruit juices are also common. If breakfast is eaten in abar(coffee shop), it is composed ofcappuccinoandcornetto(frothed hot milk with coffee and a pastry).[73]

Latvia

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Typical Latvian breakfast usually consists of open sandwiches with toppings made of vegetables, fish, eggs, or cheese. As in Finland, they are often buttered with margarine. Curd mixed with vegetables and salt as well as other sour milk products are very popular as well. Very often light oat porridge is eaten too.[74]In general, light, sour, and salty tasting food is common for morning meal. Latvians usually drink coffee for breakfast.

Malta

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On the island ofMalta,breakfast integrates bothBritishandcontinentalelements. Usually, theMaltesestart their day with a bowl of cereal mixed with milk, sometimes with a cup of coffee or tea. Marmalade/jams or even chocolate spreads are also common on bread or toast. Today, cereal bars are also becoming a common type of breakfast on the island. However, it is still quite common to eat traditional pastries for breakfast, usually heartier ones, such as,Pastizz.The traditional English breakfast of eggs, sausages, and fried bacon was also popular among the Maltese, especially on Sundays, due to the strong British influence on the island, but this has diminished almost completely, as locals have rediscovered a more Mediterranean and continental diet over the recent years. Hotels usually serve both a continental as well as a full English breakfast. Prayers are often said before breakfast in order to bless the meal.[75]

Netherlands and Belgium

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A sandwich withvlokken

For breakfast, the Dutch and Belgians typically eat sliced bread with butter or margarine and various choices of toppings:dairy products(numerous variations of cheese), a variety of cured and sliced meats, or sweet or semi-sweet products such as jam,syrup(from sugar beets or fruit),honey,Kokosbrood(a coconut product that is served thinly sliced like sliced cheese) orpeanut butter.Another type of sweet toppings are the chocolate toppings; the Dutch have chocolate toppings in all variations:hagelslag(chocolate sprinkles),chocoladevlokken(chocolate flakes) (both typically Dutch), andchocoladepasta(chocolate spread).[76]Children may eat chocolate-topped bread or colorfulfairy bread,which is calledvruchtenhagel.[2]Tea,dripolatorcoffee, milk, and juice are the most popular breakfast beverages. Breakfast may also include raisin bread and fried or boiled eggs. On special occasions, such as Easter, Christmas, Mother's Day etc., breakfast is usually the same, but with a wider range of choices (i.e. premium cheeses, special ham, hot buns, croissants etc.).

A 2012 opinion poll concluded that the Dutch believe that breakfast should be a more important meal than it is and that more time should be spent on it; almost three-quarters of those polled ate their sandwiches in less than fifteen minutes, and blame for an all-too quick breakfast was placed on "fast" breakfast products. A perfect "weekend breakfast" for the Dutch contained coffee or tea, fresh-baked bread rolls (and croissants), and a boiled egg. The poll also concluded that men are more interested than women in having breakfast with their partner.[77]

Norway

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80% of Norwegians eat breakfast (frokost) daily, mostly at home. The most common breakfast is open sandwiches (smørbrød), oftenwhole wheat bread,with cheese, oftenJarlsberg,Norvegiaorbrunost,cold cuts,[78]leverpostei,jam,mackerel in tomato sauce, etc. Common drinks are water,filter coffee,milk and juice. Another common breakfast is breakfast cereals likecorn flakeseaten with milk,kulturmelk,or yogurt.Whole-grainporridges (primarilyoatmeal) with regular milk or butter are also eaten by some. More ample breakfasts may include fish, a diverse array of cheese, eggs, bacon, breads, and hot and cold cereals eaten in various combinations.[74]Pastries bought on the go, such ascroissantsorpain au chocolathave become increasingly common since the 1990s; as have vegan alternatives and replacements to traditional spreads.

Poland

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Polish breakfast
Polish Easter breakfast

The traditional Polish breakfast is a large spread with a variety of sides eaten with bread or toast. Sides include various cold cuts, meat spreads, thePolish sausage,tomatoes, cheese, and sliced pickles.Twaróg,a Polish white cheese, is a breakfast staple and comes in many forms.Twarógcan be eaten plain, with salt, sugar, or honey, or it can be mixed withchivesinto acream cheese-like spread. Eggs are served often as the main breakfast item, mostly soft-boiled or scrambled. For a quick winter breakfast, hot oatmeal, to which cocoa is sometimes added, is often served. Jam spreads are popular for a quick breakfast, including plum, raspberry, and black or redcurrantspreads. Breakfast drinks include coffee, milk, hot cocoa, or tea. Traditionally, Poles avoid heavy-cooked foods for breakfast.[79]For the most part, one will not see fried meats or potatoes in a classic Polish breakfast. Emphasis is placed on a large variety of foods to satisfy everyone at the breakfast table.

Romania

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The traditional Romanian breakfast is milk, tea or coffee alongside (toasted) bread with butter or margarine and on top of it, honey or fruit jams or preserves. Sometimes the buttered bread is served savory instead of sweet, in which case the Romanians add cured meats, salami, or cheese. Another option is to spread on a slice of bread some liver pâté. In recent years, Romanians have also started to serve cereal with dried fruits and milk instead of the traditional breakfast, though that is not yet very widespread.[80]According to a 2014 study, 35% of Romanians eat cooked dishes such as omelet or fried eggs and 15% eat sandwiches. Most people drink coffee and 67% serve Turkish coffee (made in anibrik), though more and more people are starting to use drip or filter coffee.[81]While crêpes served with fruit preserves, jams, or cheese have traditionally been served as desserts, in recent years, more Romanians have started to have them as breakfast during weekends.[82]

Russia

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Traditional Russian breakfasts are concentrated on kashas, or porridges – the most important staple in Russian nutritional culture, with buckwheat and oat, as well as semolina, serving as the three most important bases of such dishes, usually cooked using water or milk, as well as consumed with or without milk. Breakfast foods also include pancakes or oladushki.[83]Oladushki are made from flour and rise on yeast.Blini,or crepes, are also popular for breakfast and are also made with flour, but without yeast.Sirniki,is a cheese form of pancake. Sirniki are made oftvorog (quark cheese),which can be eaten separately with honey for breakfast. Also, a popular dish is buterbrod, open sandwiches with cold cuts and cheeses.[84]

Serbia

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TypicalEasterbreakfast in Serbia

InSerbia,breakfast may include eggs in different forms (e.g. omelet with bacon, onion and feta cheese), canned fish or opened sandwiches with prosciutto, ham, bacon, salami, feta cheese, Serbian traditional cheese and salad (e.g. pickles) filled with sour cream or mayonnaise. Serbian traditional products such askajmakandajvarare also very popular. Fried mushrooms are also very popular for breakfast. Different types (e.g.proja,gibanica,burek) are also served as the main dish.[63]Bakery products such as pogačica, kiflice, projarice and paštete are ofently eaten. Yogurt, coffee, milk and tea are preferred breakfast drinks.

Spain

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In centralSpain,there is a special breakfast known aschocolate conchurros– hot chocolate with Spanish-style fritters, which are extruded sticks ofdoughnut-like dough with a star-shaped profile covered in sugar. The chocolate drink is made very thick and sweet. InMadrid,churrosare somewhat smaller and shaped like acharity ribbon.[clarification needed]This meal is normally served in cafeterías but it is not a regular or usual breakfast at Madrid homes. The usual one is the same as in the rest of Spain: coffee with milk orCola Cao,orange juice, biscuits or toasts, with butter and jam.

In the North, East and West, it is more common to have a cup of coffee (usually with milk) orCola Caoand a toast with a choice ofolive oiland salt,tomatoand olive oil,butter,jam, pâté,jamón serrano(cured ham), and other options likesobrasada(a raw cured spiced sausage that is easy to spread),[85]and inAndalucia,pringá.Freshly squeezed orange juice is widely available in most places as an alternative for coffee. The breakfast is not often larger than these two items, because usually in late morning there is a break known asalmuerzowhen there is a snack. Sometimes, toast is replaced withgalletas(a type of cookie made with flour, sugar, oil, and vanilla flavour),magdalenas(a Spanish version of the Frenchmadeleinemade with oil instead of butter) or buns.

Sweden

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Toast with jelly, fresh fruit, and a cup of coffee for breakfast at a Swedish hotel

Breakfast inSwedenis usually anopen sandwichof soft bread orcrisp bread,cold cuts,smörgåskaviar,cheese, cottage cheese, cream cheese, eggs, scrambled or boiled, pâté (leverpastej) withpickled cucumber,tomatoes or cucumber, or a toast with marmalade or maybe honey, juices, coffee,hot chocolateor tea.Breakfast cerealsormuesliwith milk, yogurt orfilmjölk,currants, and fruits are popular or warmwhole-grainporridge with milk and jam (for examplelingonberry jam).[86]Bilberry-soup (blåbärssoppa) androse hip soupare also possible breakfast alternatives.

Switzerland

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Swissbreakfasts are often similar to those eaten in neighboring countries. Traditionally,zopf(or züpfe) is eaten on Sunday mornings and New Year's Day.[87]A notable breakfast food of Swiss origin, now found throughout Europe, ismuesli,(BirchermüesliinSwiss German), introduced in 1900 byMaximilian Bircher-Bennerfor patients in his hospital.[88]

Turkey

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Turkish breakfast

InTurkish cuisine,a typical breakfast consists of bread, cheese (beyaz peynir,kaşaretc.), butter, olives, eggs, tomatoes, cucumbers, jam, honey, andkaymak.Sucuk(spicy Turkish sausage),pastırma,börek,simit,poğaçaand soups are eaten as a morning meal in Turkey. A common Turkish specialty for breakfast is calledmenemen,which is prepared with tomatoes, green peppers, onion, olive oil and eggs. Various soups (çorba) are also very common and traditional for Turkish breakfast; mainly chicken broth, lentil soup, and a national delicacy,tarhanasoup (Turkish cereal food consisting of flour, yogurt and vegetables fermented then dried; it is consumed as a soup by mi xing it with stock or water) are most well known soups. Tripe soup, trotter soup, and sheep's head soup are also traditionally very common all over Turkey for breakfast. The Turkish word for breakfast,kahvaltı,means "before coffee," (kahve,'coffee';altı,'under').[89]But after theFirst World War,during which theOttoman Empirelost itscoffee-producing territories,teahas displaced coffee as the everyday hot drink in Turkey. In theSirkeci neighborhoodofIstanbul,pideis a popular morning meal.[90]

United Kingdom and Ireland

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See also:Full breakfast
Afull English breakfastwithfried eggsontoast,sausage,bacon, mushrooms, baked beans,hash browns,and tomato

In the contemporary UK and Ireland, a weekday breakfast may involve a cereal dish, such as muesli,porridgeor cereal, ortoastor simply bread spread withjamormarmalade.Tea and coffee remain equally popular accompaniments. Marmalade, originally a Portuguese confection, had been a popular British spread to consume in the evening, before the Scots moved it to the breakfast table in the 18th century.[91]It is however becoming very common to 'skip breakfast' entirely or take coffee or pastries on the morning commute. Portable quick snacks such asgranola bars,ready-cut fruit and warm takeaway foods are becoming increasingly commonly consumed away from home and are sold at commuting points andnewsagentsand local shops in all urban areas.

The traditional breakfast most associated with Britain and Ireland remains, however, thefull breakfastof eggs (fried, scrambled, orpoached) withbaconandsausages,usually with mushrooms, tomatoes,baked beans,fried bread,black puddingorwhite pudding,and toast. Dating from a time when hard labour was more common, calorie intakes were necessarily higher, and servant labour was more available, it is nowadays regarded as a meal for the weekend or holidays when time is available for preparation, prepared by parents to welcome children, or as a special occasion such as a birthday or anniversary, or following a night of drinking. A healthy and nutritious version consists of grilling the protein and using poached, rather than fried, eggs, and variations based on one egg, one protein, and toast abound. It remains by far the most common choice onbrunchmenus and breakfast cafes across the region. The "full Scottish breakfast" tends to omit pork sausages and have beef sausages or lambhaggisinstead. At its most extensive, it consists of eggs,square sausage,fried dumpling,potato scone,tomato, mushrooms, bacon beef links, andfried bread.Originating in the British Isles during theVictorian era,the full breakfast is among the most internationally recognisedBritish dishes.[92]

Another traditional British breakfast consists ofporridge,although now associated with Scotland, it has been consumed across Britain as a staple food since at least theMiddle Ages.The breakfast cerealScott's Porage Oatswas produced inGlasgowin 1880.[93]Before the arrival of American-style breakfast cereals in the early 20th century, dried bread soaked in hot milk or tea and porridge (boiled oats) was the common daily breakfast, while leftover vegetables (often, cabbage) and potatoes not eaten the night before were often served re-fried becoming 'bubble-and-squeak';[94]inIreland,the dish is known ascolcannon.Traditionally, breakfast would be served with a small amount of fruit, such as a slice of orange, believed to prevent the onset ofscurvy.[95]Also traditional, but now less popular breakfasts included fish in the form ofkippers(smokedherring) with poached egg and toast, andkedgeree(a Scoto-Indian smokedhaddock,egg, and rice dish originating inColonial India). Most British breakfasts are consumed with tea,coffee,orfruit juice.[94]

InOld English,breakfast was known asmorgenmete,meaning "morning meal".[96]

A continental breakfast in UK and Irish hotels normally consists of baked goods (fresh bread, toast, pastries such as croissants or pain au chocolat etc.) slices of cheese and cold meat, cereal,yogurts,fruit and drinks likecoffee,tea,or fruit juices.[97]Although this is the traditional breakfast in parts ofcontinental Europe,elsewhere these breakfasts are common only in the hospitality sector (particularly ineconomy and limited service hotelswith no restaurant, as they require little preparation).

North America

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As with othercontinentsaround the world, breakfasts inNorth Americavary widely from country to country, depicting variations of both American and continental breakfasts.

Canada

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Traditional Canadian breakfast foods include pork sausages, bacon, maple-cured bacon, fried potatoes, maple-infused beans, eggs, toast, cereals, pancakes (orFrench toast) andmaple syrup,or hot oatmeal.[98]Peameal baconis also a Canadian breakfast food.[99]Coffee, tea and fruit juice of many varieties are widely consumed in Canada during breakfast.

Costa Rica

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InCosta Rica,the most common breakfast is called "gallo pinto",which is made up of rice and beans (red or black) previously cooked. Sautéed in a pan with chile, onions,culantro(an herb typical to the region) and bean stock for color. It is accompanied with fried egg, cheese, and fried plantain orcooking plantain.Black coffee or coffee with milk are traditional drinks. As this is the most common breakfast of the country, inLimón Province,they prepare gallo pinto with coconut milk instead. Another popular breakfast food is the "chorreadas" which are savory sweetcorn pancakes; they are usually accompanied by cheese or a type of sour cream called "natilla".

Cuba

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Breakfast in urban areas traditionally consists ofcafé con lechethat is sweetened and includes a pinch of salt. Toasted butteredCuban bread,cut into lengths, is dunked in the coffee. In rural Cuba, farmers eat roasted pork, beans and white rice, café con leche andcuajadasweetened with caramel.[100]

Dominican Republic

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Mangú,Dominican Republic

In the Dominican Republic, breakfast varies depending on the region. In the interior of the island, it is accustomed to have breakfast with a side of vegetables, the green plantain orcooking plantainbeing the most popular. It is served boiled or mashed known asMangú.In the capital, breakfast is more light. It includes coffee with milk or hot chocolate, along with bread, butter, and cheese. Normally accompanied by orange juice and other juices of fruits typical to the region. Milk punch (milk, egg, nutmeg, and malt) boiled eggs with "harina de negrito" or some other type ofcorn starch.Traditional breakfast bread is a water-based bread.

El Salvador

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A typical Salvadoran breakfast comprises fried or scrambled eggs,refried beansor casamiento (rice cooked with black beans),fried plantains,cheese orcrema,and thick Salvadoran-styletortillas(or bread). Sometimes sausage (chorizo) or avocado will be included on the side. Breakfast may be enjoyed with coffee or fruit juice.[101][102][103]

Guatemala

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Huevos divorciadosfromGuatemala

InGuatemala,breakfast consists of one or two eggs either fried, scrambled, or boiled accompanied by baked/fried beans with coffee. With this comes fresh cream, fresh cheese, and fried plantains (orcooking plantain). It is common to add hot sauce made out of "chiltepes"(a type of pepper). They are prepared raw or boiled, then they are ground with some vinegar, chopped onions, and chopped cilantro to make the hot sauce. A traditional egg dish prepared with both green and red sauces is called" huevos divorciados ". In the eastern part of the country, specifically inZacapa,you can find "huevos a caballo" or (eggs on a horse) which is basically two fried eggs over roasted steak.

Other types of breakfast include milk cereals. The most common drinks are orange juice or other fruits, milk, atol (a milk pudding with chocolate), and corn starch. The coffee is normally served with sweet bread also called "pan de manteca" (or butter bread).

Honduras

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InHonduras,it is typical to start the day with homemade bread, with coffee or a glass of milk. Then, a plate of food with beans, alongside eggs that can be scrambled or sunny side up, slivers of fried plantain (orcooking plantain), corn, tortillas, cheese, and butter. Versions of egg preparation vary: "estrellados" which consists of just cracking the shell, in "torta" or omelette (beaten with some salt), scrambled or boiled. Another typical breakfast are thebaleadasand tortillas with cheese; sometimes they are fried together with cheese in between. In the "garífuna" culture, coffee is accompanied by "mínimo" bread (banana bread) or coconut bread.

Jamaica

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Jamaican breakfast with ackee, saltfish, and callaloo

A Jamaican breakfast includesackee and saltfish,seasonedcallaloo,boiledgreen bananas,andfried dumplings.[104]

Mexico

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Mexican Breakfast with avocado, hash browns, and sunny side up eggs

Breakfast in Mexico is usually served in large portions and is sometimes the main or the second largest meal of the day. Some common dishes during breakfast are:huevos rancheros,chilaquiles,quesadillas,entomatadas,tamales,tlayuda,birria,atole,molletes,pambazo,huevos a la mexicana,enchiladas,barbacoa,menudo (soup)andcarnitas.[105]

Nicaragua

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InNicaragua,the typical breakfast consists of "gallo pinto" (national dish made out of red beans and rice), eggs, cheese, corn tortillas, and sweet plantains. Meals are normally accompanied by different juices and coffee. On Sundays, nacatamales are the traditional breakfast. These consist of a mass of corn with rice, potatoes, pork or chicken and sliced onions wrapped in plantain leaves and is usually accompanied by cacao as a drink.[106]

Panama

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Corn tortillas with steak and onions, fromPanama

InPanama,breakfast is a heavy meal, especially in the interior of the country where hard labor requires it. It always includes black coffee (tinto) or with milk (called pintado) with any of these sides: corn tortillas, traditional white cheese (or queso del pais), another type of tortillas or "torrejas" made of wheat flour known as "hojaldres."Another traditional breakfast side is"bollo"made out of either corn, white corn, or coconut that is wrapped in corn leaves and" preña'o "(meaning with child) that means it is filled with some type of meat.

As protein, a large serving of beef liver with onion, scrambled or fried eggs, beef stew or "tasajo" (a type of beef jerky), pork rinds and different kinds of sausages like chorizo ormorcillaare the most popular. These are also accompanied by: slices of green plantain orcooking plantain,"patacones"(double fried plantain),carimañolas(yuca filled with meat), as well as different bread pastries both savory and sweet. These large breakfasts are normally reserved for special occasions while everyday breakfasts consist of more traditional food from the west like toast, ham, cheese, jam etc.

It is important to mention that the prolonged US presence has also influenced urban areas of Panama by introducing meals like cereal with milk as well as pancakes with syrup as traditional breakfast meals.

Puerto Rico

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Puerto Rico,being acommonwealthof the United States, has adopted many American staples such as pancakes, waffles, bacon, English muffins, yogurt with fruit and nuts, French toast, eggs and steak. Pancakes and waffles can be made with plantain flour orbreadfruitflour popular in the south. A Jibarita is a typical breakfast item much like buttermilk-banana pancakes but with sweet plantains and coconut milk.Crêpesare quite popular as a breakfast food filled with fresh fruit, jam, meats, or cheese.

Cremas come in many versions. One version is flavored with vanilla, clove, cinnamon sticks, brown sugar, star anise, orange peels, ginger, coconut milk, and butter.

Pan de Agua is a bread served aside coffee, jam, and butter.

Revoltillo is a Puerto Rican style scrambled eggs mixed with local cheese, milk,sofrito,squash, ham, shrimp, and other ingredients. Backed or roasted sweet potato or sweet plantains are cooked with its skin on. When done, it is split down the middle and top with butter, sugar, cheese, and cinnamon and served with chorizo orlonganisaand eggs.

Sorullosare sweet corn fitters made with cornmeal, flour, milk, sugar, corn kernels, stuffed with cheese, rolled in to small logs and fried. They are sometimes compared tomozzarella sticks.Sorullos are served different depending on the time. For breakfast they dunked in coffee or hot chocolate.

Orange and papaya juice are standard for breakfast with some other restaurants and eatery having other options like mango, guava, apple, and other fruits. Punche de Malta ismaltabeverage shook with ice, eggs, evaporated milk, condensed milk, and cinnamon. Cow milk, goat milk and plant milks are also part of the breakfast. Hot chocolate and chocolate milk is enjoyed by kids and adults with breakfast.

United States

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See also:List of American breakfast foods
An example of an American diner breakfast, with overeasy eggs, hashbrowns, bacon, and buttered toast

The average starting time for breakfasts in the United States has been found to be 8:12 a.m, and varies from 8:08 a.m. in the South to 8:17 a.m. in the West.[107]

Traditional

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A waffle breakfast in the United States

There are two main types of breakfasts: traditional and quick. Traditional breakfasts, often eaten on weekends, consists of any combination of eggs,preserved meats,and breads such aspancakes,waffles,toast,orbiscuits.Variants of thefull breakfastand continental breakfast (see above) are also common. In theSouthern United States,biscuits and gravyare popularly eaten at a traditional breakfast.[108]In some regions, such as the Northeast,bagelsare a common breakfast item, and are often served sliced in half, toasted, and spread withbutterorcream cheeseor other toppings. Another popular breakfast item in the United States aredoughnuts,which are often consumed exclusive of other breakfast foods, and commonly eaten with coffee.

Breakfast sandwichesare also a common choice. Typical sandwiches are composed of egg, cheese, and cookedpreserved meatsuch as bacon or sausage, between bread slices or on a roll, although regional varieties are common. In New Jersey, bacon is often swapped out of the breakfast sandwich and replaced with a processed meat calledpork roll.Other areas alter the breakfast sandwich medium with regional favorites, such as biscuits. A variation is thebreakfast burrito,which originates fromSouthwesternandTex-Mex cuisines.

In the early 20th century, breakfast was served at the table, each place set with a breakfastdoily,between nine and 12 inches square, with doilies serving as coasters for coffee and water glasses. Coffee was served on silver trays with pot, hot water pitcher, cream, milk and sugar. Different napkins were used for breakfast than for dinner. Breakfast napkins were smaller and usually made oflinen,fringed or hemmed by hand. For more elegant napkins, borders of heavy lace or white embroidery decorations were added. Breakfast (served with coffee) could be as much as six dishes ofsalt fishor meat,omeletteor other types of eggs, warm bread,pancakesorwaffles,coffee cake,fruit orcereal.[109]

Quick

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Quick breakfasts are often eaten on weekdays, before school or work, when there is no time or no need for a large breakfast. This type of breakfast includes foods like oatmeal, grits,[108]breakfast cereal, fruit and granola bars. They are often eaten with beverages such as juice or coffee. Toast, often buttered, is popular as well.

Drinks

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Coffee is a common beverage, as is tea. 65% of coffee is drunk during breakfast hours.[110]Fruit juices, especiallyorange juice,are also common. Milk is also widely consumed, drunk either plain or prepared with various flavorings, such as chocolate,as coffee milk(especially in the Northeast), or strawberry.

Oceania

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Australia

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Toast withvegemite

Prior to the Second World War and the widespread adoption of household refrigerators, the traditional Australian breakfast consisted of grilled steaks and fried eggs, mainly because of the ready availability of beefsteak during that period.[111]Although this is still eaten in the bush, very few urban Australians today would recall this breakfast format.

The majority of urban Australians eat commercially prepared cereal withpasteurisedmilk or yogurt and toast with preserves such asjamorvegemite[112]for breakfast.[113]Two of the most common cereals arecornflakesand a type of biscuit made from compressed toasted flakes of wheat, calledWeet-bix.Fruit is also common at breakfast, either on the cereal or eaten separately. Cereals with added sugar and marketed largely to children include Frosties,Nutri-Grain,Rice Bubbles,Froot LoopsandCoco Pops.[114]

While not unusual, a cooked breakfast is more likely to be eaten on weekends or on special occasions either at home or at a café.[115]A cooked breakfast can include eggs, bacon, sausages, breakfast steaks, mushrooms, tomato, hash browns, mashed avocados (locally known as ‘smashed avo’)[116]and pancakes, similar to both the British and American cooked breakfast.

Breakfast habits differ more between age groups or families than between cities.[117]

Fiji

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In ethnicallyFi gianvillages, breakfast may be tea served with milk and sugar, and food made out of flour:tovoiorbabakau(a type of fried dough), pancakes, bread or biscuits with butter.[118]Sometimes a starch, such ascassava,taroin coconut milk, or rice, is served instead. Leftover fish or meat from the previous night's meal may be served as well.[119]Tea made from lemon leaves (calleddraunimoli)[118]and fruits such as pineapple, banana, papaya, plantain, and watermelon are also occasionally served.[120]In urban households, tea and cereals are often consumed.[118]Breakfast foods eaten byFiji Indiansoften include a vegetable curry withrotiand sometimes differ from the above.[118]Fi gian s living inRotumasometimes eatnuqafishintarotaro(fermented coconut yogurt), with fresh tropical fruits.[120]

Porridge with milk

New Zealand

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Breakfast in New Zealand is similar to that in Australia. The range of processed breakfast cereals is vast, and children are more likely to eat those that containadded sugar.[121]During winter,porridgeis commonly eaten. Porridge is typically served with milk, brown sugar, fruit or yoghurt. Toasted bread served withbutterormargarine,preserves,spreadssuch asMarmiteandVegemite,or eggs is also common. Eating breakfast at a cafe or restaurant was very uncommon in New Zealand until the 1990s; cafes which serve breakfast or brunch until midday, or even all day, are now common.[122]

A type of large cooked breakfast, commonly known as a Big Breakfast, is one of the main breakfast items at cafes and restaurants, being similar to the British cooked breakfast except that it seldom includes black or white pudding or fried bread; as in Australia, it may contain a small strip of steak instead. Other common menu items include various egg dishes, such asEggs Benedict,beans,minced beef or avocado on toast, sweetcorn fritters, pancakes, cereal and yoghurt,fruit saladsandsmoothies.Breakfast in New Zealand often includes tea or coffee, with children often drinking milk on its own, with cereal, or mixed withmilo.Concern has been raised about the cost of milk in New Zealand and some families being unable to afford it.[123]

Some NGOs and charities, such as theNew Zealand Red Cross,provide breakfast to primary school children from low-income families.[124]Survey results released in 2013 claim that nearly half of all New Zealanders skip breakfast at least once a week with almost a third of those skipping breakfast up to three times a week.[125]

South America

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Argentina

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In Argentina, breakfast is simple:tostadas,often topped with butter, marmalade anddulce de leche,ormedialunas,usually served withmilk coffeeand orange juice.[126]

Brazil

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Breakfast in Brazil tends to be lighter as "Brazilians consider lunch to be a more important meal".[127]It is calledcafé da manhãin Portuguese, which translates to "morning coffee", and consists of a combination of bread, butter, jam, fruits, cheese, ham, eggs, cereal,pão de queijo,cakes, yogurt, coffee, milk, and fruit juice.[127]Regional differences also exist.

Children may drink milk mixed with a small amount of coffee with their breakfasts.[2]

Typicalcafé colonialin Santa Catarina

Because of the hugeGerman immigrationto thesouth of the countryin the 19th century, many hotels, restaurants and coffeehouses there (specially in the state ofSanta Catarina) offer the so-calledcafé colonial( "colonial coffee" or "colonial breakfast" ). It consists of a rich table composed of various breads, mainly homemade, which can be of the sourdough type,pão francês,pão de queijo, and sweet breads such asschnecken.A variety of pies and cakes, such ascuca,corn cake and cornbread. In addition to foods such as butter,schmear,cheeses, ham, sausages, wiener sausage, bock sausage, pork, crackers and biscuits,ricottaand honey, among others. Accompanied by drinks such as milk, coffee, hot chocolate and even wine.[128][129]

Uruguay

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The most traditional breakfast in Uruguay is to just drinkmateearly in the morning, usually served withtorta frita.Nowadays, people also prefer coffee, usually prepared with milk. Young kids tend to prefer chocolate milk and a more American-style breakfast, like breakfast cereal with milk oryogurt.Another common food ischeese,as Uruguay's per-capita yearly consumption of milk derivatives is around twice the global average[130]and cheese is the top choice.Bizcochos(margaritas, croissants, etc.) are probably the most common choice to serve with mate or coffee.

Chile

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Chilean breakfast typically consists of coffee with milk or tea and toast with jams and/or butter. With children drinking milk and eating bread with jam.[131][132]

Pan con Palta( “bread with avocado” ) is considered a very traditional light snack and has also become a source of Chilean identity over past generations.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^TheWorld Bankwrote that a progressive elimination of imported coffee seems common in poorer areas of Senegal as a result of theglobal recession of 2009:a Senegalese restaurant owner stated, "We weren't used to consume [sic] the Tuba Coffee for breakfast, but since the crisis people drink it a lot, also children. "

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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Breakfast_by_country&oldid=1275557980#Continental_breakfast"