Acyanotic heart defectis anycongenital heart defect(CHD) that occurs due to deoxygenatedbloodbypassing thelungsand entering thesystemic circulation,or a mixture of oxygenated and unoxygenated blood entering the systemic circulation. It is caused by structural defects of the heart such asright-to-leftorbidirectionalshunting,malposition of thegreat arteries,or any condition which increasespulmonary vascular resistance.The result may be the development of collateral circulation.
| Cyanotic heart defect | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Right-to-left circulatory shunt[1] |
| Specialty | Diagnosis |
Types
edit- Tetralogy of Fallot(ToF)
- Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
- Hypoplastic left heart syndrome(HLHS)
- Transposition of the great arteries(d-TGA)
- Truncus arteriosus (Persistent)
- Tricuspid atresia
- Interrupted aortic arch
- Pulmonary atresia(PA)
- Pulmonary stenosis(critical)
- Eisenmenger syndrome(reversal of shunt due to pulmonary hypertension).[2]
Signs and symptoms
editPresentation includes the following:[citation needed]
- Clubbing
- The patient assuming a crouching position
- Cyanosis - bluish face, particularly the lips; and bluish fingers and toes
- Crying
- Crabbiness/irritability
- Tachycardia
- Tachypnea
- A history of inadequate feeding
- Unusually large toe and fingernails
- Delayed development (both biological and physiological)
Diagnosis
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Management
edit- MorphineduringTetspells to decrease associated infundibular spasm.
- Prophylactic:Propranolol/Inderall
- ProstaglandinE (to keep theductus arteriosuspatent)
- Prophylactic antibiotic to preventendocarditis
- Surgery: Variable. Superior Cavopulmonary Bypass (Bidirectional Glenn or Hemi-Fontan Procedure), Total Cavopulmonary Bypass (Fontan Completion Procedure). The purpose of these operations is to redirect the blood flow of the deoxygenated blood to the lungs by attaching the Vena Cava directly to the Pulmonary Artery causing the blood that flows into the lungs to be oxygenated before entering the chambers on the right side of the heart. Mathematical models are used to address the issue of pressure level alterations of circulation after the procedures. The pulmonary pressure resistance in the cavopulmonary connection is increased, and these models permit clear analyses of the pressure increase allowing doctors to avoid possible venous circulation congestion.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^"Cyanotic heart disease: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia".medlineplus.gov.Retrieved27 May2019.
- ^PageElizabeth D Agabegi; Agabegi, Steven S. (2008).Step-Up to Medicine (Step-Up Series).Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.ISBN978-0-7817-7153-5.