Wikipedia

David Trimble

For the American politician, seeDavid Trimble (congressman).

William David Trimble, Baron Trimble,PC(15 October 1944 – 25 July 2022) was a Northern Irish politician who was the inauguralFirst Minister of Northern Irelandfrom 1998 to 2002, and leader of theUlster Unionist Party(UUP) from 1995 to 2005.[2]He was alsoMember of Parliament(MP) forUpper Bannfrom1990to2005andMember of the Legislative Assembly(MLA) forUpper Bannfrom 1998 to2007.

The Right Honourable
The Lord Trimble
PC
Official portrait, 2018
First Minister of Northern Ireland
In office
1 July 1998 – 14 October 2002[a]
Preceded byOffice established
Succeeded byJohn Reid[b](as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland)
Ian Paisley(2007)
12thLeader of the Ulster Unionist Party
In office
8 September 1995 – 24 June 2005
Deputy
Preceded byJames Molyneaux
Succeeded byReg Empey
Member of the Legislative Assembly
forUpper Bann
In office
25 June 1998 – 7 March 2007
Preceded byConstituency established
Succeeded byGeorge Savage
Member of the House of Lords
Lord Temporal
Life peerage
2 June 2006 – 25 July 2022
Member of Parliament
forUpper Bann
In office
17 May 1990 – 11 April 2005
Preceded byHarold McCusker
Succeeded byDavid Simpson
Northern Ireland Forum Member
forUpper Bann
In office
30 May 1996 – 25 April 1998
Preceded byForum created
Succeeded byForum dissolved
Personal details
Born
William David Trimble

(1944-10-15)15 October 1944
Belfast,Northern Ireland
Died25 July 2022(2022-07-25)(aged 77)
Belfast, Northern Ireland
Political party
  • Ulster Unionist(
    • before 1973
    • 1978–2007
    )
  • Ulster Vanguard(1973–1978)
  • Conservative(from 2007)
Spouses
Heather McComb
​
​
(m.1968;div.1976)​
​
(m.1978)​
Children4
Alma materQueen's University Belfast(LLB)
Profession
  • Barrister
  • lecturer
AwardsNobel Peace Prize(1998)
WebsiteOfficial website
Trimble's voice
from the BBC programmeGreat Lives,14 August 2007[1]
a.^Reg Empeyserved as Acting First Minister from 1 July to 6 November 2001.
b.^During the periods of suspension of theNorthern Ireland Executive,theSecretaries of State for Northern Irelandassumed the responsibilities of the First Minister and deputy First Minister. At the time of suspension the Northern Ireland Secretary was John Reid.

Trimble began his career teaching law atThe Queen's University of Belfastin the 1970s, during which time he began to get involved with the paramilitary-linkedVanguard Progressive Unionist Party(VPUP). He was elected to theNorthern Ireland Constitutional Conventionin 1975, and joined the UUP in 1978 after the VPUP disbanded.[2]Remaining at Queen's University, he continued his academic career until being elected as the MP for Upper Bann in 1990. In 1995 he was unexpectedly elected as the leader of the UUP.[2]He was instrumental in the negotiations that led to theGood Friday Agreementin 1998, and (along withJohn Hume) won theNobel Peace Prizethat year for his efforts. He was later elected to become the first First Minister of Northern Ireland, although his tenure was turbulent and frequently interrupted by disagreements over the timetable forProvisional Irish Republican Armydecommissioning.

Trimble resigned the leadership of the UUP soon after being defeated at the2005 general election.In June 2006, he accepted alife peeragein theHouse of Lords,taking the title ofBaron Trimble,ofLisnagarveyin the County ofAntrim.[3]He did not stand again for the Assembly, which finally reconvened in 2007, instead leaving the UUP to join theConservative Party.[4]

Early life and education

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Trimble was born inBelfaston 15 October 1944.[5][6]He was the son of William and Ivy Trimble, lower-middle classPresbyterianswho lived inBangor, County Down.[7][8]He attendedBangor Grammar Schoolfrom 1956 to 1963.[9]He then studied atQueen's University of Belfast(QUB) from 1964 to 1968, where he was awarded the McKane Medal for Jurisprudence.[9]He received afirst class honours degree(the first at Queen's in three years), becoming aBachelor of Laws(LL.B).[10][11]

Trimble's paternal grandfather George was born inEaskey,County Sligo,to parents William Trimble and Mary Burns.[12]

Early career

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Academic career

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Trimble qualified as abarristerin 1969. He began that year as a Queen's University of Belfast lecturer, subsequently becoming Assistant Dean of the law faculty from 1973 to 1975, a Senior Lecturer in 1977, and Head of the Department of Commercial and Property Law from 1981 to 1989.[9][13][14][15]He resigned from the university in 1990 when he was elected to Parliament.[9]

In 1983, as he sat in his office at the university, he heard gunshots which turned out to be those of the IRA killers ofEdgar Graham,a friend and fellow law lecturer.[15]He was asked to identify the body.[15]In 1994 he was told by theRoyal Ulster Constabularythat he had been targeted for assassination.[15]

Political career

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Trimble became involved with the right-wing, paramilitary-linkedVanguard Unionist Progressive Party(known as Vanguard) in the early 1970s. He ran unsuccessfully for the party in the1973 Assembly electionforNorth Down,coming last.[16]In 1974, he was a legal adviser to theUlster Workers' Councilduring the successfulUWC strikeagainst theSunningdale Agreement.[17]

Trimble was elected to theNorthern Ireland Constitutional Conventionin 1975 as a Vanguard member forBelfast South,and for a time he served as the party's joint deputy leader, along with theUlster Defence Association'sGlenn Barr.[18]The party had been established byBill Craigto oppose sharing power with Irish Nationalists, and to prevent closer ties with the Republic of Ireland; however Trimble was one of those to back Craig when the party split over Craig's proposal to allow voluntary power sharing with the SDLP.[19]

Trimble joined the mainstreamUlster Unionist Party(UUP) in 1978 after Vanguard disbanded, and was elected one of the four party secretaries.[11][18]He served as Vice Chairman of theLagan ValleyUnionist Association from 1983 to 1985, and was named chairman in 1985.[13]He served as chairman of the UUP Legal Committee from 1989 to 1995 and as honorary secretary of the Ulster Unionist Council in 1990–96.[13]

Trimble was elected to Parliament with 58% of the vote in aby-election in Upper Bann in 1990.[18][20][21]He was one of the few British politicians who urged support for the government ofBosnia and Herzegovinaduring thecivil warin the 1990s.[19]

Leader of the Ulster Unionist Party

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Trimble with US presidentBill Clintonin Belfast, 1995

On 8 September 1995, Trimble unexpectedlywon election as leader of the UUP,defeating the front-runnerJohn Taylorand three other candidates.[14][22]

A mural in Northern Ireland supporting the Portadown Orangemen

Trimble's election as Leader came in the aftermath of his role in theDrumcree conflict,in which he led a controversial 1995Orange OrderProtestant march, amidst Nationalist protest, down the predominantlyCatholicnationalistGarvaghy Road inPortadown,County Armagh.[7][14]Trimble andDemocratic Unionist Party(DUP) leaderIan Paisleywalked hand-in-hand as the march, banned since 1997, proceeded down the road.[23]ManyIrish Catholicsviewed it as insensitive, while many Protestants felt that it was a sign that Trimble was defending them.[14]

Shortly after the election, Trimble became the first UUP Leader in 30 years (sinceTerence O'Neill) to meet with theTaoiseachin Dublin.[14]In 1997, he became the first unionist leader since thepartition of Irelandin 1921 to agree to negotiate withSinn Féin.[24]

In the subsequent All-Party negotiations, Trimble led the UUP delegation and sat at the table with Sinn Féin, though in the eight months of the negotiations he never spoke directly to their leader,Gerry Adams.[7][13]Trimble at first opposed the appointment of former US SenatorGeorge Mitchellas the chairman of the all-party talks, but eventually accepted him.[19]The talks were successful, culminating in theGood Friday Agreementof 10 April 1998, which resulted in power-sharing with Nationalists.[11][13]Trimble was subsequently seen as instrumental in getting his party to accept the accord.[25]On 22 May 1998,voters in Northern Ireland approved the agreement,with 71 per cent in favour.[13]

Trimble was appointed to thePrivy Council of the United Kingdomin the1998 New Year Honours.[26][27]

First Minister of Northern Ireland

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Trimble in Washington, D.C., 2001

Trimblewas electedon 25 June 1998 as aMember of the Northern Ireland Assemblyfor Upper Bann.[13]He was electedFirst Minister of Northern Irelandon 1 July 1998.[13]

Arguments over the extent ofProvisional Irish Republican Armydecommissioning led to repeated disruptions during Trimble's tenure as First Minister. In particular:

  • The office of First Minister was suspended from 11 February 2000 to 30 May 2000. During this time, Trimble attempted to reassure party members who were sceptical of the post-Good Friday Agreement institutions, saying, "Unionists won the war... The Agreement gave unionism the opportunity to take control of Northern Ireland's constitutional future and to take a major stake in the government of our country... Does anyone really thinkGerry Adamswanted this? ".[28]
  • Trimble resigned as First Minister on 1 July 2001 due to the continuing impasse arising from the IRA's refusal of his demands that it decommission its arms, as per the commitments all parties had signed up to in section 7 pt. 3 (page 25)[29]of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement[30]but he was re-elected on 5 November 2001[19]
  • The Assembly was suspended from 14 October 2002 until 2007 due to accusations of an IRA spy ring being operated there (the so-calledStormontgateAffair), which Trimble described as ten times worse thanWatergate.[31]

In 1998,Tony Blairannounced a new judicial inquiry, theBloody Sunday Inquiry,into the killing of 13 unarmed civil rights marchers in Derry in 1972. A previous investigation, theWidgery Tribunal,into the same event had been discredited. During the debate in the House of Commons, Trimble was one of few dissenting voices. He said: "I am sorry to have to say to the Prime Minister that I think that the hope expressed by the Honourable Member for Foyle [John Hume] that this will be part of the healing process is likely to be misplaced. Opening old wounds like this is likely to do more harm than good. The basic facts of the situation are known and not open to dispute. "[32]Reporting in 2010, theSaville Inquiryconfirmed that all of the 13 killings and 13 woundings were unjustified.[33]

Peerage

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Trimble in 2009

Atthe general elections of 2005,Trimble was defeated in Upper Bann by the DUP'sDavid Simpsonin his bid for re-election to Parliament in Westminster.[34]The Ulster Unionist Party retained only one seat in Parliament (out of 18 in Northern Ireland) after the 2005 general election,[34]and Trimble resigned the party leadership on 7 May 2005.[35]

On 11 April 2006, it was revealed that Trimble would take a seat in theHouse of Lordsas a workinglife peer.[36]On 21 May 2006 it was announced that he had chosen the geographical designation Lisnagarvey, the original name for his adopted home town ofLisburn.Subsequently, on 2 June 2006, he was createdBaron Trimble,ofLisnagarveyin theCounty of Antrim.[37]Eight months later, he confirmed that he would be standing down from theNorthern Ireland Assemblyat the next election.[38]

Trimble announced on 17 April 2007 that he had decided to join theConservative Partyin order to have greater influence in politics in the United Kingdom.[4]At the same time, however, he stated that he did not intend to campaign against the Ulster Unionist Party, and proposed the idea of a future alliance between the Conservatives and the Ulster Unionists, similar to that which had existed prior to 1974 and the fallout of the Sunningdale Agreement. This idea became reality with the formation of theelectoral allianceofUlster Conservatives and Unionistsin late 2008. It was reported that if the Conservatives won the2010 general election,Trimble would receive a "significant" ministerial role, possibly in theCabinet.[39]In the end, however, Trimble was not offered any governmental orfront benchposition following the formation of theConservative–Liberal Democrat coalition government.[40]

In May 2010, Trimble joined theFriends of Israel Initiative,a non-Jewish international project supportingIsrael's right to exist.The initiative, started by former prime minister of SpainJosé María Aznar,also included former United States Ambassador to the United NationsJohn R. Bolton,British historianAndrew Roberts,and former Peruvian presidentAlejandro Toledo.[41]On 29 January 2013, Trimble and Aznar co-wrote an article inThe TimescondemningHezbollahand calling on European governments to list it as aterrorist organisation.[42]

In 2016, Trimble supported theLeave sidein theUK referendum on EU membership.He said that if he had ever had any doubts about the issue, "his eight years on the EU Select Committees in the House of Lords – which scrutinise the EU's operations – had convinced him of the need to cut ties with Brussels". He cited a study which found that economic growth in the UK reduced after the decision to enter the Common Market, and reduced further when the UK went into the Single Market.[43]

Turkel Commission of Inquiry

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Routes ofGaza-bound flotilla(green) andIsraeli Navy(orange)
Further information:Legal assessments of the Gaza flotilla raid

On 14 June 2010, Trimble was appointed an observer to the Israeli special independent publicTurkel Commission of Inquiryinto theGaza flotilla raid.[44][45]

The Commission investigated whether Israel's actions in preventing the arrival of ships in Gaza were in accordance withinternational law.[45]It focused among other things on the security considerations for imposing anaval blockadeon theGaza Stripand the conformity of the naval blockade with the rules of international law; the conformity of the actions during the raid to principles of international law; and the actions taken by those who organised and participated in the flotilla, and their identities.[45]

On the commission were formerIsraeli Supreme CourtJustice,Jacob Turkel,and formerTechnion UniversityPresident,Amos Horev,as well two other members added in July 2010. (Bar Ilan UniversityProfessor of International LawShabtai Rosennealso served on the commission from its establishment until his death on 21 September 2010.[46]) In addition, the commission had two foreign observers, Trimble and former head of the Canadian military's judiciary,Judge Advocate General,Ken Watkin,who took part in hearings and discussions, but did not vote on the final conclusions.[47][48]The panel, in January 2011, concluded both Israel's naval blockade of Gaza and the interception of the flotilla "were found to be legally pursuant to the rules of international law".[49]

Personal life

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Trimble married his first wife, Heather McComb, in 1968. They did not have children, having had astillbirthof twin sons.[50]In 1976 the couple divorced. Two years later he married a former student of his, Daphne Elizabeth (née Orr).[5]They had two sons and two daughters (Richard, Victoria, Nicholas, and Sarah).[5][8]Richard Trimble is a maths teacher and head of the sixth form at Graveney School in Tooting, South West London.Lady Trimbleserved as a member of theEquality Commission for Northern Ireland,and later theNorthern Ireland Human Rights Commission,[51]before standing unsuccessfully in theUK parliamentary electionof May 2010 for theConservatives and Unionists.[34]

His son Nicholas was active within the Ulster Unionist Party and serving on theLisburn and Castlereagh City Councilat the time of his father's death.[52]Nicholas Trimble was co-opted in 2016 to replace Alexander Redpath as a Councillor representing Downshire West on Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council.[53]

Trimble admitted in July 2019 that he was "forced" to change his position onsame-sex marriageand partnerships after voting against them, because of his lesbian daughter Vicky, who married her girlfriend Rosalind Stephens inScotlandin 2017. He told peers in the House of Lords "I cannot change that, and I cannot now go around saying that I am opposed to it because I acquiesced to it. There we are."[54][55][56]His nephew Andrew played professional rugby for Ireland.

Trimble died on 25 July 2022 after a brief illness. He was 77 years old.[51][34]

Honours

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Nobel Peace Prize

In October 1998, Trimble and John Hume were awarded theNobel Peace Prizefor their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland.[57]TheNobel Institutenoted:

As the leader of the traditionally predominant party in Northern Ireland, David Trimble showed great political courage when, at a critical stage of the process, he advocated solutions which led to the [Belfast (Good Friday)] peace agreement.[57]

At a ceremony in Paris on 8 December 1999, Trimble was appointed an Officier in theLégion d'Honneurby the French Government.[58]

In 2002, Trimble was awarded theGolden Plate Awardof theAmerican Academy of Achievement.[59]

Selected works

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Books

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  • Trimble, David (2001).To Raise Up a New Northern Ireland: Articles and Speeches 1998–2000.The Belfast Press.ISBN978-0953928712.Archived fromthe originalon 25 July 2011.
  • Trimble, W D (1991).The foundation of Northern Ireland.Lurgan, County Armagh: Ulster Society Publications. p. 43.ISBN9781872076102.OCLC26273413.

Articles

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See also

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Notes and references

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  1. ^"Elvis Presley".Great Lives.14 August 2007. BBC Radio 4.Archivedfrom the original on 30 December 2014.Retrieved18 June2014.
  2. ^abc"David Trimble (British politician)".Encyclopædia Britannica.15 October 1944.Archivedfrom the original on 18 March 2011.Retrieved29 June2010.
  3. ^"No. 58004".The London Gazette.7 June 2006. p. 7793.
  4. ^ab"Statement by the Rt. Hon. The Lord Trimble, Tuesday, 17 April 2007".Official website(Press release). David Trimble. 17 April 2007. Archived fromthe originalon 3 July 2007.Retrieved17 April2007.Consequently I have decided to join the Conservatives.
  5. ^abcCowell, Alan (25 July 2022)."David Trimble, Peace Prize Winner in Ulster Strife, Dies at 77".The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on 25 July 2022.Retrieved25 July2022.
  6. ^Hui, Sylvia; Lawless, Jill (25 July 2022)."David Trimble, architect of N Ireland peace deal, dies at 77".Associated Press.Archivedfrom the original on 25 July 2022.Retrieved25 July2022.
  7. ^abcAbrams, Irwin (2001).The Nobel Peace Prize and the...Science History Publications/USA.ISBN9780881353884.Archivedfrom the original on 5 January 2016.Retrieved29 June2010.
  8. ^abNewsmakers (2000).Newsmakers.Gale Research.ISBN9780787621124.Archivedfrom the original on 31 August 2021.Retrieved28 June2010.
  9. ^abcd"The Rt. Hon. Lord David Trimble".TMC Entertainment.Archivedfrom the original on 18 July 2011.Retrieved30 June2010.
  10. ^Dod, Charles Roger; Dod, Robert Phipps (16 October 2008).Dod's parliamentary companion.Dod's Parliamentary Companion, Limited.ISBN9780905702360.Archivedfrom the original on 29 August 2021.Retrieved28 June2010.
  11. ^abc"Obiter Dicta"(PDF).Warwick Law Society. Spring 2004. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 8 March 2012.Retrieved30 June2010.
  12. ^https:// pressreader /ireland/sligo-weekender/20220804/281848647363167– via PressReader.{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title=(help)
  13. ^abcdefgh"David Trimble – Biography".Nobel Foundation.Archivedfrom the original on 15 December 2010.Retrieved29 June2010.
  14. ^abcde"Irish leader in U.S. for talks".The Day.2 November 1995.Archivedfrom the original on 16 June 2020.Retrieved31 March2020– via Google News.
  15. ^abcd"New Unionist leader represents new style but old philosophy".Daytona Beach Sunday News.2 October 1995.Archivedfrom the original on 16 June 2020.Retrieved31 March2020– via Google News.
  16. ^Whyte, Nicholas."North Down 1973–1982".Northern Ireland Elections.Northern Ireland Social and Political Archive.Archivedfrom the original on 30 September 2007.
  17. ^Plowright, John (2006).The Routledge Dictionary of Modern British History.Routledge.ISBN9780415192439.Archivedfrom the original on 31 August 2021.Retrieved30 June2010.
  18. ^abcAbrams, Irwin (2001).The Nobel Peace Prize and the...Science History Publications/USA.ISBN9780881353884.Archivedfrom the original on 31 August 2021.Retrieved29 June2010.
  19. ^abcd"Lord Trimble, politician who jointly won the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in sealing the Good Friday Agreement – obituary".The Daily Telegraph.London. 25 July 2022.Archivedfrom the original on 25 July 2022.Retrieved25 July2022.
  20. ^"Tories trounced in N. Ireland".Tuscaloosa News.Archivedfrom the original on 30 August 2021.Retrieved31 March2020.
  21. ^"No. 52150".The London Gazette.25 May 1990. p. 9691.
  22. ^"Ulster Protestant Party Names a Hard-Liner".The New York Times.9 September 1995.Archivedfrom the original on 27 March 2012.Retrieved29 June2010.
  23. ^"Drumcree Parade 1995".BBC News.Archivedfrom the original on 3 June 2016.
  24. ^Clarity, James F. (18 September 1997)."Key Ulster Protestant agrees to join talks with Sinn Fein".Tuscaloosa News.Archivedfrom the original on 16 June 2020.Retrieved31 March2020– via Google News Archive.
  25. ^"Key players".The Telegraph.London. 25 October 2001.Archivedfrom the original on 13 November 2012.Retrieved30 June2010.
  26. ^"No. 54993".The London Gazette(Supplement). 30 December 1997. p. 1.
  27. ^"Life Peers to Order of the Companion of Honour".BBC News.31 December 1997.Archivedfrom the original on 30 December 2010.Retrieved28 June2010.
  28. ^Trimble, David (20 May 2000). "We won the war – now for the peace".Belfast News Letter.
  29. ^"The Agreement"(PDF).Northern Ireland Office. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 3 October 2011.Retrieved3 November2011.
  30. ^"The long and arduous road to paramilitary decommissioning".Belfast Telegraph.19 June 2009.Archivedfrom the original on 24 June 2009.Retrieved29 June2010.
  31. ^"Stormontgate: how events unfolded".The Irish Times.Dublin. 17 December 2005.Archivedfrom the original on 26 July 2022.Retrieved25 July2022.
  32. ^Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons, Westminster (29 January 1998)."Hansard Record of Commons Debate launching the Saville Inquiry".Hansard.UK Parliament. Archived fromthe originalon 7 November 2013.Retrieved16 June2010.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  33. ^"Bloody Sunday 'unjustified and unjustifiable'".The Independent.Press Association. 15 June 2010.Archivedfrom the original on 9 December 2018.Retrieved7 December2018.
  34. ^abcd"Obituary: David Trimble, Northern Ireland's first first minister".BBC News.25 July 2022.Archivedfrom the original on 25 July 2022.Retrieved25 July2022.
  35. ^"Trimble to announce resignation".The Guardian.London. 7 May 2005.Archivedfrom the original on 26 July 2022.Retrieved25 July2022.
  36. ^"New working life peers unveiled".BBC News.11 April 2006.Archivedfrom the original on 13 March 2007.Retrieved18 April2007.
  37. ^"No. 58004".The London Gazette.7 June 2006. p. 7793.
  38. ^"Trimble set to quit assembly seat".BBC News.18 December 2006.Archivedfrom the original on 28 January 2007.Retrieved18 April2007.
  39. ^"Lord Trimble lined up as minister in Cameron government".The Telegraph.London. 24 July 2008. Archived fromthe originalon 21 August 2008.Retrieved25 July2008.
  40. ^"Who's who in the coalition cabinet".The Guardian.London. 13 May 2010.Archivedfrom the original on 4 March 2022.Retrieved25 July2022.
  41. ^"Aznar, Trimble to launch new pro-Israel project. 'Friends of Israel'".The Jerusalem Post.31 May 2010. Archived fromthe originalon 17 June 2010.Retrieved14 June2010.
  42. ^David Trimble; Jose Maria Aznar (29 January 2013)."Don't Mince Words. Hezbollah are terrorists".The Times.Archivedfrom the original on 30 January 2013.Retrieved29 January2013.(subscription required)
  43. ^Sam McBride (26 March 2016)."EU isn't working on economic grounds: Trimble".The Newsletter.Johnston Publishing. Archived fromthe originalon 29 March 2016.Retrieved7 June2016.
  44. ^Zrahiya, Zvi (17 June 2010)."Israeli members of flotilla inquiry panel meet for first time".Haaretz.Archivedfrom the original on 7 August 2020.Retrieved17 June2010.
  45. ^abc"Cabinet asked to approve independent public commission".Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 13 June 2010. Archived fromthe originalon 22 June 2010.Retrieved17 June2010.
  46. ^Ravid, Barak; Oren, Amir (22 September 2010)."Turkel Committee Member Shabtai Rosenne Dies at 93".Haaretz.Haaretz Daily Newspaper.Archivedfrom the original on 7 October 2010.Retrieved5 October2010.
  47. ^"Gaza flotilla inquiry panel members".BBC News.14 June 2010.Archivedfrom the original on 19 August 2018.Retrieved21 July2018.
  48. ^"Who's Who on Israel's Committee on the Gaza Flotilla Raid".Haaretz.Haaretz Daily Newspaper. 14 June 2010.Archivedfrom the original on 17 October 2015.Retrieved22 June2010.
  49. ^Weiss, Mark (24 January 2011)."Israeli inquiry clears soldiers over Gaza flotilla raid".The Irish Times.Archivedfrom the original on 27 January 2011.Retrieved24 January2011.
  50. ^"David Trimble obituary: A man whose willingness to change course helped pave the way for peace".The Irish Times.Archivedfrom the original on 27 July 2022.Retrieved2 August2022.
  51. ^abBadshah, Nadeem; Swinford, Steven (25 July 2022)."Good Friday agreement architect David Trimble dies aged 77".The Times.London.Archivedfrom the original on 26 July 2022.Retrieved25 July2022.
  52. ^"Cllr Hon. Nicholas Trimble".Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council.Archivedfrom the original on 26 July 2022.Retrieved25 July2022.
  53. ^Doyle, Simon (29 April 2019)."Constituency Notebook: Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council".The Irish News.Belfast.Archivedfrom the original on 26 July 2022.Retrieved25 July2022.
  54. ^Lester, Nick; Bell, Jonathan (11 July 2019)."Trimble reveals daughter is in a same-sex marriage".Belfast Telegraph.Archivedfrom the original on 13 May 2020.
  55. ^"Daughter of former Northern Ireland first minister Trimble reveals his happiness with same-sex marriage".Belfast Telegraph.14 July 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 16 June 2020.
  56. ^"It was accept our relationship or lose a daughter".BBC News Northern Ireland.16 July 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 21 July 2019.
  57. ^ab"Nobel Peace Prize 1998, John Hume and David Trimble".Boes.org.Archivedfrom the original on 15 October 2009.Retrieved30 June2010.
  58. ^"French elevate Trimble to 'living elite' with the Legion d'honneur".The Independent.London. 9 December 1999.Archivedfrom the original on 10 August 2019.Retrieved24 March2020.
  59. ^"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement".achievement.org.Archivedfrom the original on 15 December 2016.Retrieved20 April2020.

Further reading

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  • Godson, Dean (2004).Himself Alone: David Trimble and the Ordeal of Unionism.HarperCollins,ISBN0-00-257098-X
  • Kerr, Michael (2005).Transforming Unionism: David Trimble and the 2005 Election.Irish Academic Press,ISBN0-7165-3389-8
  • MacDonald, Henry (2001).Trimble.Bloomsbury Publishing,ISBN0-7475-5315-7
  • Millar, Frank (2004).David Trimble: The Price of Peace.Liffey Press,ISBN1-904148-60-3
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Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Member of Parliament forUpper Bann
1990–2005 		Succeeded by
Northern Ireland Assembly
New assembly Member of the Legislative AssemblyforUpper Bann
1998–2007 		Succeeded by
Political offices
New office First Minister of Northern Ireland
1998–2002 		Vacant
Office suspended
Title next held by
Ian Paisley
Party political offices
Preceded by
Ernest Baird
Lindsay Smyth
 Deputy Leader of theVanguard Unionist Progressive Party
1975–1978
Served alongside:Glenn Barr 		Position abolished
Preceded by Leader of theUlster Unionist Party
1995–2005 		Succeeded by
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