Diplazium esculentum,thevegetable fern,is an ediblefernfound throughoutAsiaandOceania.It is probably one of the most commonly consumed ferns.[1]
| Diplazium esculentum | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Polypodiales |
| Suborder: | Aspleniineae |
| Family: | Athyriaceae |
| Genus: | Diplazium |
| Species: | D. esculentum
|
| Binomial name | |
| Diplazium esculentum | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Athyrium esculentum | |
The genusDiplaziumis in the familyAthyriaceae,in theeupolypods IIclade[2]of the orderPolypodiales,[3]in the classPolypodiopsida.[4]
Description
editThis plant is a large perennial fern with an ascending rhizome of about 50cm high and covered with short rufous scales of about 1mm long. The plant is bipinnate with long brownish petioles, and the petiole base is black and covered with short scales. The frond can reach 1.5m in length, and the pinnae is about 8cm long and 2cm wide.[5]
Uses
editThe young fronds are stir-fried and used in salads.[6][7]
They may have mild amounts of fern toxins but no major toxic effects are recorded.[8]
It is known aspakô( "wing" ) in the Philippines,[6]pucuk pakuandpaku tanjungin Malaysia,sayurpakuorpakisin Indonesia,phak koot(Thai:ผักกูด) in Thailand,rau dớnin Vietnam,dhekia (Assamese:ঢেকীয়া)inAssam,Dhenki Shaak(Bengali:ঢেঁকি শাক) inBengali,paloi saag(Sylheti:পালই শাগ) inSylheti,ningroinNepali,dingkiainBoroandlingudain northern India, referring to thecurled fronds.
It is known aspoholeorhō'i'oinHawaiian cuisine. The ferns grow in wet areas of shady valleys.[9][10]The fern speciesDiplazium esculentumis believed to have been introduced and naturalized in Hawaii and was first reported collected in 1910.[10]The fern also has medicinal uses.[11]
Pharmacological effects
editThe extract also hadAlpha -glucosidaseinhibitory activity.[12]
Gallery
edit-
Yam phak khut,aThai saladof fern leaves and pork -
Ensaladang pako(fern salad) withsalted eggfrom thePhilippines -
Habitat
See also
editReferences
edit- ^Anonymous."Vegetable fern"(PDF).Use and production of D. esculentum.AVRDC (The World Vegetable Center). Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 26 April 2012.Retrieved27 November2011.
- ^Carl J. Rothfels; Anders Larsson; Li-Yaung Kuo; Petra Korall; Wen- Liang Chiou; Kathleen M. Pryer (2012)."Overcoming Deep Roots, Fast Rates, and Short Internodes to Resolve the Ancient Rapid Radiation of Eupolypod II Ferns".Systematic Biology.61(1): 490–509.doi:10.1093/sysbio/sys001.PMID22223449.
- ^Maarten J. M. Christenhusz; Xian-Chun Zhang; Harald Schneider (2011)."A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns"(PDF).Phytotaxa.19:7–54.doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2.
- ^Alan R. Smith; Kathleen M. Pryer; Eric Schuettpelz; Petra Korall; Harald Schneider; Paul G. Wolf (2006)."A classification for extant ferns"(PDF).Taxon.55(3): 705–731.doi:10.2307/25065646.JSTOR25065646.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2008-02-26.
- ^Tanaka, Yoshitaka; Van Ke, Nguyen (2007).Edible Wild Plants of Vietnam: The Bountiful Garden.Thailand: Orchid Press. p. 37.ISBN978-9745240896.
- ^abCopeland EB (1942). "Edible Ferns".American Fern Journal.32(4): 121–126.doi:10.2307/1545216.JSTOR1545216.
- ^Ethnobotanical Leaflets
- ^Gangwar Neeraj Kumar (2004). "Studies on pathological effects of linguda (Diplazium esculentum,Retz.) in laboratory rats and guinea pigs ".Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology.28(2).
- ^N_ Kua'_ina: Living Hawaiian Culture by Davianna McGrego pages 110, 133
- ^ab[1]Hawai_i's Ferns and Fern Allies by Daniel Dooley Palmer page 125
- ^CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants:Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology (5 Volume Set) by Umberto Quattrocchi CRC Press, May 3, 2012 – Science – 3960 pages page 1439
- ^Chai TT, Yeoh LY, Mohd Ismail NI, Ong HC, Abd Manan F, Wong FC (2015)Evaluation of glucosidase inhibitory and cytotoxic potential of five selected edible and medicinal fernsArchived2016-10-18 at theWayback Machine.Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 14 (3): 449-454.