Donduk Kuular(Tuvan:Куулар Дондук,[kuːˈlɑrdɔnˈduk];1888–1932) was aTuvanmonk, politician, and prime minister of theTuvan People's Republic.
Donduk Kuular | |
|---|---|
Куулар Дондук | |
 | |
| Chairman of the Council of Ministersof theTuvan People's Republic | |
| In office 1925–1929 | |
| Preceded by | Soyan Oruygu |
| Succeeded by | Adyg-Tulush Khemchik-ool |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1888 Qing Empire |
| Died | March 23, 1932(aged 43–44) |
| Nationality | Tuvan |
| Political party | Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party |
Life
editBorn inTannu Uriankhaiduring the rule of theQing dynastyof China, Donduk was originally aLamaistmonk.[1]As leader of a group of Russian-supportedBolsheviks,he proclaimed the independence of the People's Republic of Tannu Tuva from theRussian Empirein 1921. He subsequently switched his allegiance to theTuvan People's Revolutionary Party.
Aware of his young nation's vulnerability, Donduk sought to establish ties with theMongolian People's Republic.His monastic background and theocratic inclinations gave him a close relationship with the country's lamas, whose interests he sought to advance in spite ofJoseph Stalin's growing irritation. In 1926 he established Buddhism as the state religion of Tannu Tuva, which in November was renamed the Tuvan People's Republic.[2]
Stalin found Donduk's separatist and theocratic tendencies obnoxious, and counter to communist principles of internationalism and atheism. In 1929 he was removed from power and arrested. Meanwhile, five Tuvan graduates of theCommunist University of the Toilers of the Eastwere appointedcommissars extraordinaryto Tuva. Their loyalty to Stalin ensured that they would pursue policies, such ascollectivization,that Donduk had ignored. Acoupwas launched in 1929. One of these commissars,Salchak Toka,replaced Donduk as General Secretary of the Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party. On 22 March 1932, Donduk was sentenced the highest penalty – death through execution by a firing squad – alongside 3 other figures named "exploiters" includingMongush Buyan-Badyrgy,[3]and the following day they were executed.[4]
References
edit- ^Jonathan D. Smele:Historical Dictionary of the Russian Civil Wars, 1916–1926,2015, Lanham (Maryland) 2015, p. 1197.
- ^Frank Stocker:Als Vampire die Mark eroberten: Eine faszinierende Reise durch die rätselhafte Welt der Banknoten in 80 kurzen Geschichten,(online) 2015, p. 69.
- ^Dorzhu, Zoia; Irgit, Ottuk (July 2017)."Political Repressions in the Tuva People's Republic: Was It Possible to Avoid Them?"(PDF).Journal of Siberian Federal University.7.
- ^Indjin Bayart:An Russland, das kein Russland ist,Hamburg 2014, p. 114.
 | This Russian biographical article is astub.You can help Wikipedia byexpanding it. |
 | This article aboutTuvais astub.You can help Wikipedia byexpanding it. |