Dorothy Galeis a fictional character created by the American authorL. Frank Baumas theprotagonistin many of hisOznovels. She first appears in Baum's classic 1900 children's novelThe Wonderful Wizard of Ozand reappears in most of its sequels. She is also the main character in various adaptations, notably the 1939 film adaptation of the novel,The Wizard of Oz.
In later novels, theLand of Ozsteadily becomes more familiar to her than her homeland of Kansas.[1]Dorothy eventually goes to live in anapartmentin theEmerald City's palace but only after herAunt EmandUncle Henryhave settled in afarmhouseon its outskirts. Dorothy's best friendPrincess Ozma,ruler of Oz, officially makes her a princess of Oz later in the novels.
Appearances
editIn literature
editThis sectionneeds additional citations forverification.(December 2017) |
In theOz books,Dorothy is raised by her aunt and uncle in the bleak landscape of aKansasfarm. Whether Aunt Em or Uncle Henry is Dorothy's blood relative remains unclear. Uncle Henry makes reference to Dorothy's mother inThe Emerald City of Oz,possibly an indication that Henry is Dorothy's blood relative. (It is also possible that "Aunt" and "Uncle" are affectionate terms of a foster family and that Dorothy is not related to either of them, although Zeb inDorothy and the Wizard in Ozclaims to be Dorothy's second cousin, related through Aunt Em.[2]Little mention is made of what happened to Dorothy's birth parents, other than a passing reference to her mother being dead.)
Along with her small black dog,Toto,Dorothy is swept away by atornadoto the Land of Oz and, much likeAlicefromAlice's Adventures in Wonderland,they enter an alternative world filled with talking creatures. In many of the Oz books, Dorothy is theheroineof the story. She is often seen with her best friend and the ruler of Oz,Princess Ozma.Her trademark blue and whiteginghamdress is admired by theMunchkinsbecause blue is theirfavorite colorand white is worn only by good witches and sorceresses, which indicates to them that Dorothy is a good witch.
Dorothy has several other pets, including her white/pink/purple kittenEureka,andBillina,a feisty talking hen. Her cow, Imogene, appears in the 1902stage version;while unnamed, this cow is implied in the1910 film.Eric Shanower's novel,The Giant Garden of Oz,also features a cow named Imogene.
Dorothy's last name is never mentioned inThe Wonderful Wizard of OzorThe Marvelous Land of Oz,the first two Oz books. It is disclosed in the third book,Ozma of Oz(1907). The last name ofGalewas originally mentioned in Baum's script for the 1902 Broadway stage version ofThe Wizard of Oz,in which it was originally a setup for a punning joke. (Dorothy: "I am Dorothy, and I am one of the Kansas Gales." Scarecrow: "That accounts for your breezy manner." )
In the sixth Oz book by Baum,The Emerald City of Oz(1910), when Uncle Henry and Aunt Em are unable to pay themortgageon the new farmhouse built at the end ofThe Wonderful Wizard of Oz,Dorothy brings them to live in Oz; the plot features a tour of Oz as a marvelous,utopianland in which they have escaped the troubles of Kansas. She becomes princess of Oz.
Dorothy is an Oz celebrity, having at least a cameo role in thirteen of the fourteen Oz books written by L. Frank Baum; while she did not appear at all inThe Marvelous Land of Oz,she is mentioned several times in that story. In the subsequent nineteen Oz books byRuth Plumly Thompson,Dorothy gets at least a cameo in all exceptCaptain Salt in OzandThe Silver Princess in Oz(in which neither Oz nor any of its inhabitants appear, though they are mentioned). Most of the other books focus on different child protagonists, some Ozites, some from other Nonestican realms, and some from theUnited States,and as such, her appearances in the main series become more and more limited. InJack Snow'sThe Magical Mimics in Oz(1946), Ozma places Dorothy on the throne of Oz while she is away visitingQueen Lurline's fairy band.
The magic of Oz keeps Dorothy young. InThe Lost King of Oz(1925), a Wish Way carries Dorothy to afilm setinHollywood, California.She begins to age very rapidly to her late 20s, making up for at least some of the years that have already passed. The Wish Way carries her back to Oz and restores her to her younger self, but she learns then that it would be unwise for her ever to return to the outside world. Baum never states Dorothy's age, but he does write inThe Lost Princess of Ozthat she is a year younger thanBetsy Bobbinand a year older thanTrot,whose age was specified as 10 in Ruth Plumly Thompson'sThe Giant Horse of Oz,putting her at age 11 by the time she comes to live in Oz.
Dorothy has a forthright and take-charge character, exhibiting no fear when she slaps theCowardly Lion,and organizing theWinkies' rescue mission of her friends who have beendismemberedby thewinged monkeys.She is not afraid of angering theWicked Witch of the West,as shown when the Witch stole one of Dorothy's slippers, and in retaliation, Dorothy hurled a bucket of water over her, not knowing water was fatal to the witch. She brazenly rebuffsPrincess Langwidere's threat to take her head for her collection — "Well, I b'lieve you won't."[3](Following Anna Laughlin's portrayal of the character in the popular 1903 Broadway version ofThe Wizard of Oz,Baum scripts Dorothy to speak in childlike contractions withOzma of Oz,which she continues to do throughout the series). This aspect of her character was somewhat lessened by her companionship of Ozma, in whom Baum placed the greater level of wisdom and dignity. Yet even this is complicated by her associations with hercousin,Zeb of Hugson's Ranch,a rugged, manly boy who does not take well to Oz and cannot think of anything much more interesting than defeating the Munchkins' wrestling champion, which he proves unable to do.
Thompson's Oz books show a certain intolerance in Dorothy. InThe Cowardly Lion of Oz,circus clownNotta Bit More arrives in the Emerald City "disguised" as a traditional witch, and Dorothy immediately starts dumping buckets of water on him without provocation (although she reacted this way on the assumption that the "witch" Notta was an evil witch like her old enemy, the Wicked Witch of the West). InThe Wishing Horse of Oz,she makes unsavory comments about the dark coloration Gloma and her subjects take on as a disguise, making them somewhat resembleblack people.This behavior is not characteristic of Dorothy in Baum's Oz books. InThe Patchwork Girl of Oz,she pushes and slaps through crowds ofblackTottenhots to rescue the Scarecrow, whom they are tossing around, but this is more an example of her gumption than any sort of prejudice, as she is otherwise kind and polite to the Tottenhots, and accepts that their ways are different from those who dwell in the Emerald City.
The authorized sequels ofSherwood Smith,The Emerald Wand of OzandTrouble Under Oz,center on the child characters Dori and Em, who live with their Aunt Susan. All three are indirect descendants of Dorothy, though their specific relationship to her is unclear.
Philip José Farmer's 1982 science-fiction novelA Barnstormer in Oztells the story of aviator Henry "Hank" Stover — who is not surprised one beautiful spring day in 1923 when he flies hisCurtiss Jennybiplane through a strange green cloud and finds himself in Oz. Hank knows that he is in Oz because his mother, Dorothy Gale-Stover, had been there back in 1890 and later told him of her experiences. Farmer's premise is that Dorothy only visited Oz once and told her story to a journalist named Frank Baum. This journalist would later create a series of books from Dorothy's only adventure in Oz. Farmer's Oz is on the brink of both acivil warand an invasion by theUnited States Army.
Conception
editAn influence on the creation of Dorothy appears to be theAlicebooks ofLewis Carroll.Although Baum reportedly found these plots incoherent, he identified their source of popularity as Alice herself, a character with whom child readers could identify; this influenced his choice of a protagonist for his own books.[4]
Dorothy's character was probably named after Baum's own niece, Dorothy Louise Gage, who died in infancy. Baum's wife was very attached to her and was deeply grieved by her death, so there is speculation that Baum inserted her name into his stories as a memorial. Elements of Dorothy Gale's character are possibly derived fromMatilda Joslyn Gage,Dorothy Gage's grandmother. Dorothy Gage is buried inEvergreen CemeteryinBloomington,Illinois.[5]
Lee Sandlinwrites that L. Frank Baum read a disaster report of a tornado inIrving, Kansas,in May 1879 which included the name of a victim, Dorothy Gale, who was "found buried face down in a mud puddle."[6]
In film
editIn Baum's1902 stage musical adaptation,Dorothy was played byAnna Laughlin.In 1908 L. Frank Baum adapted his early Oz novels asThe Fairylogue and Radio-Plays,withRomola Remusas Dorothy. This was followed byThe Wonderful Wizard of Oz,a motion picture short thatOtis Turner,one of the directors ofFairylogue,made without Baum as part of a contract fulfillment. In this 1910 film, Dorothy was played byBebe Daniels.It was followed by two sequels (the same year),Dorothy and the Scarecrow in OzandThe Land of Oz,both of which included Dorothy, but whether Daniels participated is unknown. Baum subsequently loosely adaptedThe Wonderful Wizard of Ozinto a 1914 motion picture directed byJ. Farrell MacDonaldtitledHis Majesty, the Scarecrow of OzwithViolet MacMillanas Dorothy.
Dorothy does not appear inThe Patchwork Girl of Oz(1914), although some film books claim thatMildred Harris,who had yet to sign her contract withThe Oz Film Manufacturing Company,played the role. The character, is, in fact, eliminated from the film version, although she has a fairly large role in the novel.
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Anna Laughlin as Dorothy in the 1902 musical
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Romola Remus (far right) with the cast ofThe Fairylogue and Radio-Plays
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Violet MacMillan
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Dorothy Dwan
Dorothy Dwanportrayed Dorothy in the 1925 filmWizard of Oz.In this film, Aunt Em (Mary Carr) informs her on her eighteenth birthday that she was left on their doorstep and is really a princess of Oz destined to marry Prince Kynd (Bryant Washburn), who has currently lost the throne to Prime Minister Kruel (Josef Swickard), in a storyline similar to that ofHis Majesty the Scarecrow of Oz,only with Dorothy as thelove interest.In the end, the story proves to be the dream of a little girl who has fallen asleep listening to the story of Kynd and Kruel, said to be the story ofThe Wonderful Wizard of Oz.The film also introduced the idea of the farmhands also being theScarecrow,Tin WoodsmanandCowardly Lion,albeit as costumes they don in order to conceal themselves in Oz.
In the 1939 movieThe Wizard of Oz,Dorothy was played byJudy Garland,who received anAcademy Juvenile Awardfor her performance. Since she was sixteen years old at the time of filming, Garland's maturing figure was bound into a figure-hiding corset. Since fantasy films generally were unsuccessful at that time,Metro-Goldwyn-Mayerportrayed Oz as a head-trauma-induced delirium, instead of a real place. Dorothy's characterization in the 1939 film is more of a damsel in distress, somewhat unlike the adventurous, forthright and bold Dorothy of the books, and as one of the first movies to be filmed inTechnicolor,the director had the color of the famous magic slippers changed from silver to red because theRuby slipperswere more visually appealing on film.
She is reunited with Aunt Em, Uncle Henry, their three farm workers (Scarecrow, Tin Man, and Cowardly Lion's alter egos), and Professor Marvel (The Wizard's alter ego) when she awakens from being unconscious at the end of this film, back at home, safe and proclaiming the film's theme and moral: "There's no place like home" (also fulfilling the numerous foreshadows earlier in the story). While it is implied that Oz is merely Dorothy'sdreamsince she awakens in bed at the end, Dorothy is convinced that her journey was all in fact real.
In the1978 film adaptationof the 1975 Broadway musicalThe Wiz,Dorothy is played byDiana Ross.[7]
In Disney's 1985 fantasy adventure filmReturn to Oz,Dorothy was played by child actressFairuza Balk.
In the video forBlues Traveler's 1994 hit song "Run-Around",Dorothy tries to get into a club where the band is performing. She is portrayed by actress Diana Marquis.[8]
In Disney's 2013 filmOz the Great and Powerful,Dorothy's maternal origins are hinted at when Annie (Michelle Williams) informs her friendOscar Diggsthat her fiancé's surname is Gale.[9]
Dorothy appears in the animated filmLegends of Oz: Dorothy's Return(which is based onDorothy of Oz), voiced byLea Michele.
Dorothy made a cameo appearance inThe Lego Movie 2: The Second Part,voiced byMaya Rudolph.She, Toto, Scarecrow, Tin Man, and Cowardly Lion find themselves having been transported from the Land of Oz to Harmony Town in the Systar System.
Dorothy appears in the South Korean animated filmRed Shoes and the Seven Dwarfs,voiced by Katie DiCicco.
Dorothy appears inUniversal Pictures' two-part film adaptation ofWicked,based on the2003 musical of the same name,alongside Toto, Scarecrow, Tin Man, and Cowardly Lion. All five make a brief cameo in the first film and will have a bigger role in the second film,Wicked: For Good.The actress playing her has yet to be announced.[10]
In television
editA little known version of the original story made for British TV in 1995 starredDenise Van Outenas Dorothy. Among other variations of the story, it featured her as a wealthy, spoiled socialite and the characters using sexual innuendo and cursing. It combined elements from the original books, the 1939 film version and 1985's Return to Oz. At the film's end, she wakes up from having fallen asleep and dismisses her trip to Oz as a crazy dream.
The2007 Sci-Fi Channel miniseriesTin Manreworked her into DG, a descendant of Dorothy's, and is played byZooey Deschanel.In this iteration, the trademark dress is actually adinerwaitressuniform; the rest of the time she wears aleather jacketandjeansand rides amotorcycle.When she is taken into Oz, she learns that she is actually the princess of the kingdom of Oz, sent to another world and raised by androids that protect her after her sister was possessed by the spirit of an ancient witch that she unleashed by accident.
In the 2012 TV miniseriesDorothy and the Witches of Oz,Dorothy (played byPaulie Rojas) is shown as an adult writer and starts regaining repressed memories of her actual adventures in the Land of Oz when theWicked Witch of the Westplans to conquer the Land of Oz and all of Earth.
Dorothy appears in the ninth season ofSupernatural,portrayed byTiio Horn.This version isDorothy Baum.Dorothy is a hunter whose father was L. Frank Baum, a member of the Men of Letters. Desperate when it appeared that The Wicked Witch could not be killed, Dorothy used a spell to bind herself and the Wicked Witch, keeping them both trapped in stasis at the Men of Letters bunker for decades. They were finally freed bySamandDean Winchester.AfterCharlie Bradburykilled the Wicked Witch, she and Dorothy went to Oz in order to continue fighting against the Witch's forces.
Dorothy appears in thethirdandfifth seasonsof the TV seriesOnce Upon a Time.In this show, Dorothy is from a fictional version of Kansas and not from Earth (dubbed the Land Without Magic in the show). She is portrayed as an adult byTeri Reevesand as a child byMatreya Scarrwener.Dorothy, caught in her Kansas farmhouse during a raging cyclone, is swept away to Oz. Taken in by the protectors of Oz, the sisterhood of witches, she comes to view them as family. One night, she is confronted byZelenathe Witch of the West (Rebecca Mader), while getting water from a well. Zelena intends to get rid of Dorothy as she believes the girl is destined to usurp her seat in the sisterhood. In defense, Dorothy throws a bucket of water at Zelena; causing the witch to melt. Glinda the Witch of the South (Sunny Mabrey), then appears to offer her to take Zelena's place as the Witch of the West, but Dorothy declines; wishing only to return home. With Glinda's help, she is taken to see the Wizard and given a pair of silver slippers to travel to any world. Dorothy thanks the Wizard of Oz (Christopher Gorham) and proceeds to click the slippers' heels three times to send herself home. Only after the girl's departure, Glinda discovers too late that Zelena masqueraded as the Wizard in order to usher Dorothy out of Oz.
Upon returning to Kansas, Dorothy tells her family about her experiences in Oz. However, her family does not believe her, and attempts to get her admitted into an asylum.Her aunt, Emily Brown(Gina Stockdale) is the only person who believes her, and refuses to let her be admitted. However, Aunt Em dies, gifting Dorothy a puppy named Toto before she does. Years pass, and Dorothy returns to Oz. Learning from the Munchkins that Zelena is still alive and no longer fearing the witch, Dorothy storms the palace in time to stop Zelena from stealing the Scarecrow's (Paul Scheer) brain for a time spell. Dorothy taunts Zelena about having one thing she'll never obtain, the love of the people, as Zelena prepares a fireball to destroy her. Toto, hopping out of the bag, trots up to the palace curtains, while Dorothy ducks to avoid Zelena's fireball, which hits an approaching guard. Toto then tugs a string, causing the curtains to fall on Zelena, who fumbles to get free. While she is occupied, Dorothy escapes the palace with the Scarecrow and her dog. Later, she and her companions hide out in a cottage, but Zelena eventually finds them, after putting a tracking spell on Dorothy's old bicycle. Dorothy does her best to protect the Scarecrow, but Zelena ends up ripping out his brain. Fearlessly standing up to the witch, Dorothy dares Zelena to do her worst, while boasting that she'll never be afraid of her again. Zelena expresses brief interest in her brave attitude, wondering what made her change. In the end, Zelena leaves Dorothy unharmed to let the people of Oz see that, for once, their great hero has failed them.
InEmerald City,Dorothy is an adult when she is taken to Oz, working as a nurse. She is still living with Em and Henry, but here they are identified as her adopted parents, her biological mother having left her with them as a baby and only recently getting back in touch with Dorothy. Months after receiving the letter, Dorothy makes her first official visit to her biological mother when the tornado occurs that takes her to Oz. Faced with an Oz that is increasingly opposed to magic on the Wizard's orders and accused of the death of the Witch of the East - which was initially an accident and later self-defence when the Witch survived her injuries - Dorothy learns more about her true ties to this world as she searches for answers, accompanied by a police German Shepherd she names 'Toto' and the amnesic Lucas. The TV series concludes with her returning to Earth after the wizard's forces are decimated by the Beast Forever, but she is subsequently contacted by Lucas and Toto - both of whom she left behind in Oz - appearing to her in Kansas to ask for help.
Although not a direct adaptation to the literature itself, the 2013Super Sentaiseries,Zyuden Sentai Kyoryugerfeatures theDeboth Army's members being themed after the characters inThe Wonderful Wizard of Oz.The then-Joyful KnightCanderrillais designed with the motif of Dorothy Gale
In the 2017-2020 animated seriesDorothy and the Wizard of Oz,Dorothy is voiced byKari Wahlgrenwho is portrayed as much younger and race swapped. Set after the events of the 1939 film, Dorothy is appointed the princess of Oz by Queen Ozma, where she and her friends go on adventures and save the Land of Oz from danger like the tyrannicalNome Kingand Wilhelmina, the niece of the Wicked Witch of the West who wants to steal theRuby Slippersto revive her evil aunt. In the show,Dorothy is a very brave and courageous princess. She's got an extremely kind heart, and will always help her friends out of danger. Aside from her cheerful nature, Dorothy very rarely gets angry. But this happened when Wilhelmina controlled her emotions with a mood ring. And before the wicked Nome King turned Dorothy into a white cat. However, aside from all this, Dorothy is sweet, quick-thinking, helpful, friendly and amicable. And she's always willing to help out her friends, introduce the Ozians to customs from back in Kansas and fight the forces of evil in Oz.
In video games
editWizard101
editDorothy Gale appears as an NPC in the 2008MMORPGWizard101.Unlike other adaptations of the character, Dorothy travelled from her family farm in Kansas to Wizard City to become a Balance wizard at Ravenwood School of Magical Arts. In the sidequests "Yellow Brick Road" and "Not in Kansas Anymore", players meet Dorothy in her home, who tells them to go and check on her friends that she was having over for dinner, Mr. Toto and the Tin Man. Mr. Toto tells the player that they are running late due to Tin Man not being able to find his oil can, and asks the player to tell Dorothy that they are just running late as usual.
LEGO Dimensions
editDorothy Gale is one of the non-playable characters that appears in the 2015 toys-to-life video gameLEGO Dimensions.[11]While on her way to the Emerald City with Toto and her three companions, they encounterBatman,Gandalf,andWyldstyle.Batman thinks that the Scarecrow isthe supervillain of the same namefrom his world, though the interrogation is short lived, as Dorothy and her gang are sucked into a vortex where they are captured by the game's central antagonist, Lord Vortech. Lord Vortech imprisons Dorothy and uses the Ruby Slippers as one of the foundation elements needed to create his "perfect world".
Portrayals
editImpact on LGBTQ community
editIn the 1950s, the phrase "friend of Dorothy"became used as a slang term for homosexuals. This term is attributed both to American author and fellow gay iconDorothy Parker,and toJudy Garland's prominent role as Dorothy Gale inThe Wizard of Oz.[12]Thisgay slangterm, also known as "FOD," means agay man;[13]and more broadly, anyLGBTQperson. As such, someone was afriend of Dorothywas aeuphemismused for discussingsexual orientationwithout others knowing its meaning.[14]James Deutsch, program curator with theSmithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage,examined the origin of the phrase, noting scholars who argued that Garland became a"lodestone" for "gay culture",claimed by the community, and argued that the phrase shows "several of the most important functions of folklore that serve members of the LGBT community."[15]However, Dee Michel, a scholar ofOz,said there are certain beliefs that continue about the connection between the film and LGBTQ people that "persist in spite of a lack of clear historical evidence."[16]Additionally, aDorothy dollaris described as any business generated by "providing goods and services to the homosexual community."
InL. Frank Baum'sLand of Ozfrom 1900 to 1920, Dorothy and Ozma were described as being in anintimate friendship.[17][18]In the seriesOnce Upon a Time,Dorothy, who appears in seasons 3, 5, and 6 of the series, has a relationship with Ruby (Little Red Riding Hood), with the latter awakening her with a kiss in her final episode.[19][20]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^Jack Zipes,When Dreams Came True: Classical Fairy Tales and Their Tradition,p 159ISBN0-415-92151-1
- ^As specified in "Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz" (1908), Zeb says: "Uncle Bill Hugsonmarried your Uncle Henry's wife's sister;so we must be second cousins, "." second cousins "is actuallyincorrectin this scenario. A second cousin is the child of a cousin of your parents. Zeb is Dorothy's mother's brother's wife's sister's husband's brother's son and no blood-related relative at all.
- ^Baum, Frank L. (2020-07-31).Ozma of Oz.BoD – Books on Demand. p. 52.ISBN978-3-7523-7907-5.
- ^Baum, L. Frank; Hearn, Michael Patrick (1973).The Annotated Wizard of Oz.C. N. Potter. p. 38.ISBN0-517-50086-8.Archived fromthe originalon 2006-05-24.
The secret of Alice's success lay in the fact that she was a real child, and any normal child could sympathize with her throughout her adventures. The story may often bewilder -- having neither plot nor motive in its narrative --but Alice is engaged in strange and marvelous activity at every moment, so the child reader follows her with rapturous delight.
- ^Internet Movie Database, "The Wizard of Oz" (1939):Trivia.
- ^Pollak, Michael (27 May 2013)."Where Twisters Dug In, So Did They".The New York Times.Retrieved28 May2013.
Two decades later, he writes, a struggling entrepreneur named Lyman Baum, who was working on a children's book, came upon a grim detail in a newspaper account of the Irving disaster: "The name of one of the victims, who had been found buried face down in a mud puddle, was Dorothy Gale" — a name the author, writing as L. Frank Baum, would soon immortalize in "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz."
- ^"IMDB".imdb.IMDB.Retrieved29 January2025.
- ^Reifer, Jodi Lee (2010-11-30)."Staten Island indie filmmaker's 'Dream' project gets screened a decade later".SILive.Staten Island: Advance Digital Media.Retrieved2014-08-13.
- ^Covert, Colin (10 March 2013)."'Oz the Great and Powerful' is big and beautiful ".Salisbury Post.Archived fromthe originalon 19 July 2013.Retrieved11 March2013.
He makes a young, svelte, rather hot conjurer who has broken many a heart, including that of Dorothy Gale's mom-to-be (liquid-eyed Michelle Williams, resplendent in a blond wig).
- ^"'Deadpool 3', 'Twisters', 'Quiet Place: Day One', 'Inside Out 2' Among Potential Super Bowl Movie Spots ".February 5, 2024.
- ^"'Lego Dimensions' Starter Pack Story Spans 14 Franchises ".Forbes.RetrievedJuly 4,2017.
- ^Cage, Ken; Evans, Moyra (2003).Gayle: The Language of Kinks and Queens, A History and Dictionary of Gay Language in South Africa.Jacana Media. p. 10.ISBN1-919931-49-X.
- ^Leap, William; Boellstorff, Tom (2003).Speaking in Queer Tongues: Globalization and Gay Language.University of Illinois Press. p. 98.ISBN0-252-07142-5.
- ^"Homomasculinity: Framing Keywords of Queer Popular Culture".jackfritscher.RetrievedJune 5,2019.
- ^Deutsch, James (October 25, 2016)."Are You a Friend of Dorothy? Folk Speech of the LGBT Community".Folklife.Smithsonian Institution.Archivedfrom the original on January 22, 2021.RetrievedJune 8,2021.
- ^Brunch, Ryan (November 13, 2016)."'The Wizard of Oz' in the LGBT community ".Out in Jersey.Archivedfrom the original on March 4, 2021.RetrievedJune 8,2021.
- ^Wilson, Natalie (March 14, 2013).""Oz the Great and Powerful" Rekindles the Notion That Women Are Wicked ".Ms. Magazine.Archivedfrom the original on November 11, 2020.
- ^Waldron, Myrna (March 14, 2013)."The Oz Series & The Power of Women".BtchFlcks.Archivedfrom the original on July 29, 2019.
- ^Mitovich, Matt Webb (April 17, 2016)."Once Upon a Time Recap: Girlfriend of Dorothy — LGBT Romance Revealed".TVLine.Archivedfrom the original on February 14, 2021.
- ^Still, Jennifer (April 18, 2016)."'OUAT's LGBT Portrayal Missed The Mark ".Bustle.Archivedfrom the original on January 15, 2021.
External links
edit- More information on Dorothy GaleArchived2021-01-09 at theWayback Machine