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Duck, You Sucker!

Duck, You Sucker!(Italian:Giù la testa,lit. "Duck Your Head", "Get Down" ), also known asA Fistful of DynamiteandOnce Upon a Time... the Revolution,is a 1971epicZapata Western filmdirected and co-written bySergio Leoneand starringRod Steiger,James Coburn,andRomolo Valli.

Duck, You Sucker!
Italian theatrical release poster
Directed bySergio Leone
Screenplay byLuciano Vincenzoni
Sergio Donati
Sergio Leone
Dialogue byRoberto de Leonardis
Carlo Tritto
Story bySergio Leone
Sergio Donati
Produced byFulvio Morsella
StarringRod Steiger
James Coburn
Romolo Valli
Maria Monti
Rick Battaglia
Franco Graziosi
CinematographyGiuseppe Ruzzolini
Edited byNino Baragli
Music byEnnio Morricone
Production
companies
Rafran Cinematografica
Euro International Films
San Miura
United Artists
Distributed byEuro International Films(Italy)
United Artists(International)
Release dates
  • 29 October 1971(1971-10-29)(Italy)
  • 7 July 1972(1972-07-07)(USA)
  • 16 September 1972(1972-09-16)(Madrid)
  • 6 October 1972(1972-10-06)(Barcelona)
Running time
  • 157 minutes (Italian version)
  • 154 minutes (standard version)
  • 138 minutes (American theatrical version)
CountriesItaly
Spain
United States[1]
LanguagesItalian
English
Spanish
Box office₤1.829 billion(Italy)[2]
4,731,889 admissions(France)[3]

Set during theMexican Revolution of the 1910s,the film tells the story of Juan Miranda, an amoral Mexican outlaw, and John Mallory, a former member of theIrish Volunteer Army.After they accidentally meet under less-than-friendly circumstances, Juan and John involuntarily become heroes of the Revolution, despite being forced to make heavy sacrifices.

It is the second film of Leone's unofficialOnce Upon a Time Trilogy,which includes the previousOnce Upon a Time in the West(1968) and the subsequentOnce Upon a Time in America(1984).[4]The last western film directed by Leone, it is considered by some to be one of his most overlooked films.[5][6]

Plot

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InRevolution-torn 1913 Mexico, outlaw Juan Miranda leads a family of bandits, robs a coach of wealthy men and rapes a female passenger who insulted him. Passing by on a motorcycle is John H. Mallory, anIrish Republicanexplosives expert, who works in Mexico as a silver prospector. Juan asks John (who initially states his name as "Seán") to help him rob the Mesa VerdeNational Bank.After John refuses, Juan frames him for the murder of his employer and several soldiers, making him a wanted criminal and offering to "protect" him in exchange for his help. John reluctantly agrees but escapes on the way to Mesa Verde.

Arriving in the city before Juan, John makes contact with revolutionaries led byphysicianDr. Villega and agrees to use his explosives in their service. When Juan arrives, John inducts him into the revolutionaries' ranks. The bank is hit as part of an orchestrated attack on the Mexican army. Juan, interested only in money, is shocked to find that the bank has no funds and is instead being used by the army as a political prison. After freeing several prisoners, Juan inadvertently becomes a "glorious hero of the revolution".

The revolutionaries are chased into the hills by an army detachment led by Colonel Günther Reza. John and Juan volunteer to stay behind, armed with machine guns and dynamite. Much of the detachment is destroyed while crossing a bridge which John explodes. Reza, however, survives. After the battle, John and Juan find most of their comrades, including Juan's father and children, have been killed by the army. Enraged, Juan decides to fight the army single-handed and is captured. John sneaks into camp, where other revolutionaries are being executed by firing squad. They were informed on by Dr. Villega, who has been tortured by Reza and his men. This evokes in John memories of a similar betrayal by Nolan, his best friend in Ireland. Nolan identified John, who killed two British soldiers and then killed Nolan, making himself a fugitive and forcing him to flee Ireland. Juan is facing a firing squad when John saves him with dynamite.

After escaping on a motorcycle, John and Juan hide in the animal coach of a train. It stops to pick up the tyrannical Governor Don Jaime, who is fleeing (with a small fortune) from revolutionary forces. As the train is ambushed, John lets him choose between shooting Jaime and accepting a bribe from him. Juan kills Jaime, also stealing the Governor's spoils. As the doors to the coach open, Juan is greeted by a crowd and once again is hailed as a hero of the revolution. The money is taken away by the revolutionaries.

On a train with commanders of the revolution, John and Juan are joined by Dr. Villega, who has escaped. John alone knows of Villega's betrayal.Pancho Villa's forces will be delayed by twenty-four hours, and a train carrying a thousand soldiers and heavy weapons, led by Reza, will arrive that evening, which will surely overpower the rebel position. John suggests they rig a locomotive with dynamite and send it head on. He requires one other man, but instead of picking Juan, who volunteers, he chooses Villega. Villega realizes that John knows of the betrayal but does not judge him. John pleads with him to jump off the locomotive before it hits the army's train, but Villega feels guilty and stays on board. John jumps in time, and the trains collide, killing Villega and several Mexican soldiers.

The revolutionaries' ambush is successful, but as John approaches to meet Juan, he is shot by Reza. Enraged, Juan kills Reza with a machine gun. As John lies dying, he continues to have memories of Nolan, and of a woman they both apparently loved. Juan kneels by his side to ask about Villega. John only says that Villega died a hero of the revolution. As Juan goes to seek help, John sets off a second charge he secretly laid in case the battle went bad. Horrified, Juan later stares at John's burning remains and forlornly asks, "What about me?"

Cast

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  • Rod Steigeras Juan Miranda, an amoral Mexicanpeonleading a band of outlaws composed mostly of his own children. He does not care about the revolution at first, but becomes involved after his encounter with John.
  • James Coburnas John (Seán) H. Mallory, aFenianrevolutionary and explosives expert. Wanted for killing British forces in Ireland, he flees to Mexico where he ends up getting involved in another revolution.
  • Romolo Vallias Dr. Villega, a physician and commander of the revolutionary movement of Mesa Verde.
  • Maria Montias Adelita, a wealthy female passenger on the stagecoach robbed and raped by Juan at the beginning of the film.
  • Rik Battagliaas General Santerna, a commander leading the Mexican revolutionary army.
  • Franco Graziosias Governor Don Jaime, the corrupt and tyrannical local governor.
  • Antoine Saint-Johnas Colonel Günther Reza, a ruthless commander leading a detachment ofFederalesand the main antagonist of the film.
  • Vivienne Chandleras Coleen, John's girlfriend; appears only in flashbacks.
  • David Warbeckas Nolan, John's best friend, also an Irish nationalist; appears only in flashbacks.

Production

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Development

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The development ofDuck, You Sucker!began during the production ofOnce Upon a Time in the West,when Sergio Leone's collaboratorSergio Donatipresented him with an earlytreatmentof the film.[7]Around the same time,political riots had broken out in Paris,and the ideals ofrevolutionandleft-wing nationalismhad become popular among university students and filmmakers across Europe. Leone, who had used his previous films to deconstruct the romanticization of theAmerican Old West,decided to useDuck, You Sucker!to deconstruct the romanticized nature of revolution, and to shed light on the political instability of contemporary Italy.[7]

Leone, Donati andLuciano Vincenzoniworked together on the film's screenplay for three to four weeks, discussing characters and scenes for the film. Donati, who had previously acted as an uncreditedscript doctorforThe Good, the Bad and the Ugly,conceived Juan Miranda's character as an extension of Tuco fromThe Good, the Bad and the Ugly.Meanwhile, Leone was largely responsible for the character of John Mallory, and the film's focus on the development of John and Juan's friendship.[7]At times, however, Leone, Donati, and Vincenzoni found that they had highly differing opinions about how the film should be made, with Leone wanting to have the film produced on a large scale with an epic quality, while Donati and Vincenzoni perceived the film as a low-budget thriller.[7]

Leone never intended to directDuck, You Sucker!,and wanted the film to be directed by someone who could replicate his visual style.Peter Bogdanovich,his original choice for director, soon abandoned the film due to perceived lack of control.[7][8]Sam Peckinpahthen agreed to direct the film after Bogdanovich's departure, only to be turned down for financial reasons byUnited Artists.Donati and Vincenzoni, noting the director's frequent embellishment of the facts concerning his films, claim that Peckinpah did not even consider it - Donati stated that Peckinpah was "too shrewd to be produced by a fellow director".[8]Leone then recruited his regularassistant director,Giancarlo Santi,to direct, with Leone supervising proceedings, and Santi was in charge for the first ten days of shooting. However, Rod Steiger refused to play his role as Juan unless Leone himself directed, and the producers pressured him into directing the film. Leone reluctantly agreed, and Santi was relegated tosecond unitwork.[7][8]

Goya's work inspired Giuseppe Ruzzolini's cinematography for the execution scene.

The inspiration for the firing squad scene came fromFrancisco Goya,and in particular from his set of printsThe Disasters of War.Leone showed the prints todirector of photographyGiuseppe Ruzzoliniin order to get the lighting and color effects he wanted.[8]The film is believed to have been influenced by Peckinpah'sThe Wild Bunch,and it shares some plot elements withPat Garrett and Billy the Kid,a western film also starring Coburn and released a year later.[9]Leone biographer andfilm historianSir Christopher Fraylingnoted thatDuck, You Sucker!was made in a period of Italian cinema where filmmakers were 'rethinking' their relationship withfascismand theNazioccupation ofRome.He has identified numerous references to both World Wars in the film, such as Colonel Reza's commanding of an armored car resembling a Nazi tank commander, the massacre of Juan's family (which bears similarities to theArdeatine massacreof 1944), and an execution victim resemblingBenito Mussolini.[7]

Casting

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Casting the lead roles ofDuck, You Sucker!proved to be a difficult process. The role of John Mallory was written forJason Robards,who had played Cheyenne inOnce Upon a Time in the West,[7]but the studio wanted a bigger name for his character.Clint Eastwoodwas then approached by Leone for the role, but he saw it as just a different take of thesame characterhe had already played in theDollars Trilogy,and he also wanted to end his association with the Italian film industry. As a result, he declined the offer and starred inHang 'Em Highinstead.[10]George Lazenbywas then approached to play John, but he declined. A youngMalcolm McDowell,then mostly known for his performance inif....,was considered for both John and Nolan, John's Irish friend, but Leone eventually settled onJames Coburnto play John.[7][8]Coburn had previously been considered for other Leone projects, includingA Fistful of DollarsandOnce Upon a Time in the West.He had also previously been considered for a role in another United Artists-financed Zapata Western,Sergio Corbucci'sThe Mercenary,butFranco Nerowas later cast in what was originally his role.[11]

The role of Juan Miranda was written forEli Wallach,based on his performance of Tuco inThe Good, the Bad and the Ugly,but Wallach had already committed to another project withJean-Paul Belmondo.After Leone begged Wallach to play the part, he dropped out of the other project to play Juan. However,Rod Steigerowed the studio another film and they refused to back the picture unless Steiger was used. Leone offered no compensation to Wallach, and Wallach subsequently sued.[7][12]

Leone was initially dissatisfied with Steiger's performance in that he played his character as a serious,Zapata-like figure.[8]As a result, tensions rose between Steiger and Leone numerous times, including an incident that ended with Steiger walking off during the filming of the scene when John destroys Juan's stagecoach. After the film's completion, Leone and Steiger were content with the final result, and Steiger was known to praise Leone for his skills as a director.[7]

Filming

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Toner's Pub, Dublin

Exterior filming mostly took place inAndalusia,southernSpain.Some of the locations used previously featured in Leone'sDollar Trilogyfilms; for example, theAlmeríaRailway Station, used for the train sequence inFor a Few Dollars More,returns in this film as Mesa Verde's station. The flashback scenes with Sean and friends were shot in Ireland atHowth CastleinDublin,andToner's PubonBaggot Street,Dublin.[7]As filming progressed, Leone modified the script: as he did not originally plan on directingDuck, You Sucker,he thought the script was "conceived for an American filmmaker".[8]Duck, You Sucker!was one of the last mainstream films shot inTechniscope.[13]

Antonio Margheriticlaims to have done the miniature work on the film, particularly the train sequences.[14]Alberto De Martinofilmedsecond unitof the final battle.[15]

Music

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Themusical scoreforDuck, You Sucker!was composed byEnnio Morricone,who collaborated with Leone in all his previous projects as a director with the exception of his debut,The Colossus of Rhodes.Elvis Mitchell,formerfilm criticforThe New York Times,considered it as one of Morricone's "most glorious and unforgettable scores".[9]He also sees "Invention for John", which plays over the opening credits and is essentially the film's theme, "as epic and truly wondrous as anything Morricone ever did".[9]A soundtrack album was released in the United States in 1972,[9]and many tracks can be found in Morricone'scompilation albums.Music was recorded in April 1971 and second recording sessions in August/September the same year. A 35th anniversary OST was issued in 2006 with previously unreleased alternate takes.

Themes

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Despite the politically charged setting,Duck, You Sucker!was not intended as apolitical film:Leone himself said that the Mexican Revolution in the film is meant only as a symbol, not as a representation of the real one, and that it was chosen because of its fame and its relationship with cinema, and he contends that the real theme of the film is friendship:[8]

I chose to oppose an intellectual, who has experienced a revolution in Ireland, with a naïve Mexican... you have two men: one naïve and one intellectual (self-centred as intellectuals too often are in the face of the naïve). From there, the film becomes the story ofPygmalionreversed. The simple one teaches the intellectual a lesson. Nature gains an upper hand and finally the intellectual throws away his book ofBakunin's writings. You suspect damn well that this gesture is a symbolic reference to everything my generation has been told in the way of promises. We have waited, but we still are waiting! I have the film say, in effect "Revolution means confusion".

Another theme is amoral non-engagement: Juan is very loyal to his family (consisting of his six children, each from a different mother), but he cannot be trusted by anyone else. He is also very cynical about priests, and he doesn't care about codified law. This relates most closely to those aspects ofSouthern Italianlife observed byEdward Banfieldand others.[8]

The film also explores the relationship between Mexican bandits and peasant communities at the time of the revolution, idealized by figures likeJuan José HerreraandElfego Baca,which Leone may have had in mind in his creation of the character of Juan.[8]

Release and reaction

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Performance

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The film was moderately successful in Italy, where it grossed 1,829,402,000lireon its first run; it was the third-highest grossing Spaghetti Western at the Italian box office that year, behindTrinity is Still My Name(which overtookFor a Few Dollars Moreas the highest-grossing film ever released in Italy at that time) andRed Sun.Although it was the lowest-grossing of Leone's five Westerns in Italy by a notable margin, it was also the highest-grossing Zapata Western released there.[2][16]In France, it was the fourth most popular film released there in 1972, behindA Clockwork Orange,Stadium NutsandLast Tango in Paris.[3]

Reception

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Duck, You Sucker!failed to gain any substantial recognition from the critics at the time of debut, especially compared to Leone's other films, though he did win theDavid di Donatello for Best Director.Since then, however, it has received a more favorable reception: onreview aggregatorRotten Tomatoes,the holds an approval rating of 92% based on 24 reviews, with an average rating of 7.40/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Duck, You Suckeris a saucy helping of spaghetti western, with James Coburn and Rod Steiger's chemistry igniting the screen and Sergio Leone's bravura style on full display ".[17]Metacritic,which uses aweighted average,assigned the film a score of 77 out of 100, based on 5 critics, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.[18]TheChicago Readerpraised it for its "marvelous sense of detail and spectacular effects".[19]The New York Observerargues that Leone's direction, Morricone's score and the leads' performance "ignite an emotional explosion comparable to that ofOnce Upon a Time in the West".In Mexico, where the film is known asLos Héroes de Mesa Verde,it was refusedclassificationand effectively banned until 1979 because it was considered offensive to the Mexican people and the Revolution.[20]

Release history

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The film was originally released in the United States in 1972 asDuck, You Sucker!,and ran for 121 minutes. Many scenes were cut because they were deemed too violent, profane or politically sensitive, including a quote fromMao Zedongabout the nature of revolutions and class struggle.[7][21][22]Theatrical prints were generally of poor quality, and the film was marketed as a light-hearted spiritual successor to theDollars Trilogy,[22][23]not at all as Leone intended, and it did not succeed in gaining press notice. In part because of this, United Artists reissued the film under the new name ofA Fistful of Dynamite,meant to recall the notoriety ofA Fistful of Dollars.[22][23]According to Peter Bogdanovich, the original titleDuck, You Sucker!was meant by Leone as a close translation of the Italian titleGiù la testa, coglione!(translated: "Duck your head, dumbass!" ), which he contended to be a common Americancolloquialism.The expletivecoglione(a vulgar way to say "testicle" ) was later removed to avoid censorship issues.[7][24]One of the working titles,Once Upon a Time... the Revolution,[9]was also used for some European releases.[7][22][23]

In 1989,Image Entertainmentreleased the film onlaserdisc,including some material cut from the original US version and lasting 138 minutes. This version was released in Europe asOnce Upon a Time in Mexico,again intended to evoke an earlier Leone film,Once Upon a Time in the West.[23]

Subsequent re-releases have largely used the titleA Fistful of Dynamite,[25][26]although the DVD appearing inThe Sergio Leone Anthologybox set, released by MGM in 2007, used the original English language title ofDuck, You Sucker!.[27][28]

The film's first English language DVD was released by MGM in the UK in 2003. This version of the film runs 154 minutes and is almost complete, but it uses a truncated version of the film's final four-minute-long flashback. In 2005, following the restoration of Leone'sThe Good, the Bad and the Ugly,MGM re-released the film in the UK with more supplemental material, the aforementioned flashback scene reinstated and with a newly created 5.1 surround soundtrack. The restored version had a briefart housetheatrical run in the U.S. and was subsequently released there in a "Collector's Edition" in 2007.[28]The remastered surround tracks have attracted criticism online for the replacement of certain music cues throughout the film (most prominently during the last two flashback scenes and the end credits) and for censoring at least two expletives from the film's soundtrack. Furthermore, it has been reported that the mono soundtrack included on the 2007 Collector's Edition is not the original mix, but simply a fold-down of the surround remaster.[29]

Duck, You Sucker!was shown in 2009 as part of the Cannes Classics series of the62nd Cannes Film Festival.[30]The print used for the festival was restored by theCineteca di Bolognaand thefilm laboratoryImmagine Ritrovata.

In October 2014, MGM released the film onBlu-ray,akin to its Blu-ray releases of theDollars Trilogy.[31]

References

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  1. ^Cox, Alex (2009).10,000 Ways to Die: A Director's Take on the Spaghetti Western.Oldcastle Books. p. 285.ISBN978-1842433041.
  2. ^abFisher, Austin (2014).Radical Frontiers in the Spaghetti Western: Politics, Violence and Popular Italian Cinema.I.B.Tauris. p. 220.ISBN9781780767116.
  3. ^ab"French box office for 1972".Box Office Story.Archived fromthe originalon 4 October 2018.
  4. ^"The film with three names – in praise of Sergio Leone's neglected spaghetti western".British Film Institute.24 April 2018.Archivedfrom the original on 2 June 2019.Retrieved2 June2019.
  5. ^"Duck, You Sucker".Premiére.Hachette Filipacchi Media. 12 February 2003.Retrieved25 April2009.[permanent dead link‍]
  6. ^The Sergio Leone Anthology|DVD ReviewArchived24 April 2017 at theWayback Machine2007-06-27,Slant Magazine
  7. ^abcdefghijklmnoDuck, You Sucker, a.k.a. A Fistful of Dynamite (2-disc collectors' edition, Sergio Donati Remembers)(DVD). Los Angeles, California:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.1972.
  8. ^abcdefghijChristopher Frayling(1981).Spaghetti Westerns.Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 61, 96, 127, 137, 145, 183–185, 215, 225.ISBN9780710005038.Archivedfrom the original on 9 February 2024.Retrieved25 April2009.
  9. ^abcdeMitchell, Elvis (21 November 2003)."Leone Classic, Liberated at Last from Television".The New York Times.Archived fromthe originalon 18 February 2010.Retrieved25 April2009.
  10. ^Clint Eastwood(1999).Clint Eastwood.Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 92.ISBN9781578060702.Archivedfrom the original on 1 September 2012.Retrieved25 April2009.
  11. ^The Mercenary (How to make a Revolution)(DVD). Planegg, Germany:Koch Media,Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.1968.
  12. ^Eli Wallach(2006).The Good, the Bad, and Me.Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 261.ISBN0156031698.Retrieved25 April2009.
  13. ^Richard W. Haines (2003).Technicolor movies.McFarland. p. 127.ISBN9780786480753.Retrieved25 April2009.
  14. ^""Let's Have a Drink… It's Margheriti Time!" the ANTONIO MARGHERITI Interview ".19 February 2017.Archivedfrom the original on 21 August 2023.Retrieved21 August2023.
  15. ^p.96 Ercolani, EugenioAlberto De Martino InterviewinDarkening the Italian Screen: Interviews with Genre and Exploitation Directors Who Debuted in the 1950s and 1960sMcFarland 16 August 2019
  16. ^Fisher, Austin (2019).Austin Fisher onA Fistful of Dynamite(blu-ray). Eureka Entertainment. EKA70365.
  17. ^"A Fistful of Dynamite".Rotten Tomatoes.Archivedfrom the original on 24 June 2009.Retrieved26 April2009.
  18. ^"Duck, You Sucker".metacritic.Retrieved31 July2024.
  19. ^"Duck, You Sucker!".Chicago Reader.Archivedfrom the original on 9 January 2016.Retrieved9 October2015.
  20. ^Emilio Garcia Riera (1990).México visto por el cine extranjero(in Spanish). Ediciones Era. pp. 43–44.ISBN9789684111639.Retrieved25 April2009.
  21. ^Mao Tse-tung(March 1927)."Report on an investigation of the peasant movement in Hunan".Archivedfrom the original on 25 November 2005.Retrieved3 January2006....a revolution is not a dinner party, or writing an essay, or painting a picture [...] a revolution is an insurrection, an act of violence...
  22. ^abcdDuck, You Sucker, a.k.a. A Fistful of Dynamite (2-Disc Collector's Edition, Sorting Out the Versions)(DVD). Los Angeles, California:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.1972.
  23. ^abcd"A Fistful of Dynamite- another Leone restoration ".DVD Talk.Archivedfrom the original on 28 September 2015.Retrieved25 April2009.
  24. ^Peter Bogdanovich(23 November 1973).Two Beeg Green Eyes.pp. 76–77.Archivedfrom the original on 15 February 2017.Retrieved25 April2009.
  25. ^"A Fistful of Dynamite".DVD Talk.Archivedfrom the original on 14 June 2009.Retrieved1 September2009.
  26. ^A Fistful of DynamiteArchived7 June 2011 at theWayback Machineat MGM's online DVD catalog.
  27. ^The Sergio Leone AnthologyArchived26 December 2007 at theWayback Machineat MGM's online DVD catalog.
  28. ^ab"The Sergio Leone Anthology".DVD Talk.Archivedfrom the original on 15 June 2009.Retrieved25 April2009.
  29. ^"Fistful of Dynamite - Duck, You Sucker - James Coburn Rod Steiger".DVDBeaver.Archivedfrom the original on 30 December 2010.Retrieved25 January2012.
  30. ^"Festival de Cannes: Cannes Classics".festival-cannes.Archived fromthe originalon 13 November 2011.Retrieved1 February2015.
  31. ^"Duck, You Sucker Blu-ray".Blu-ray.Archivedfrom the original on 6 March 2014.Retrieved25 January2012.
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