Duffel coat

Aduffel coat(alsoduffle coat) is a coat made fromduffelcloth, designed with toggle-and-rope fastenings, patched pockets and a large hood. The name derives fromDuffel,a town in the province ofAntwerpinBelgiumwhere the manufacturing process of this kind of fabric, a coarse, thick, woolen cloth originated.Duffel bagswere originally made from the same material.

Dutch princesses in duffel coats, as a statement, shortly after World War II

Scottish musicianAlex Kapranosin a contemporary duffel coat

As the hood and toggle fastenings from Polish frocks proved popular, the frock spread across Europe by the 1850s. By 1890 a less sophisticated version was being supplied to the British Royal Navy, from various manufacturers. DuringWorld War IIall British troops wore the coat, among themField Marshal Sir Bernard MontgomeryandLieutenant-Colonel Sir David Sterling.After the war, the coats became available in England as government surplus stock and became popular, especially with students. In countries freed by British troops fromNazi-Germanoccupation, wearing the coat also meant a tribute to all soldiers that fought in the war and a statement to civilian freedom.

Description

There are many variations of duffel coat. The basic British style features:

• Genuine double weave woollenduffel fabric,lined with a woollytartanpattern, or plain in the military version.
• Three or, later, four front wooden or horn toggle and leather fastenings.
• Two large outside patch pockets, with covering flaps on post-war versions.
• Originally knee length; shorter on later versions.
• A buttonable neck strap.
• Bucket hood with press stud adjustment. Later versions feature a neater "pancake" hood.

The large toggles and long ropes from the army coats were designed to enable easily fastening and unfastening while wearing gloves in cold weather. Current designs often feature imitation plastic buffalo horn. The original hood was oversized to allow room for a Naval cap. Early versions of the coat were knee-length but later ones were shorter.

History

ARoyal Navyofficer wearing a duffel coat aboard a destroyer on convoy protection duties, 1942

Toggle fastenings

Toggle-and-rope fastenings are known since ancient times, among others inChina.The Duffel cloth has been manufactured since about the 1450s in Belgium and since the 1550s in The Netherlands (Leiden). The initial influence of what became the duffel coat, might have been the hooded Polish militaryfrock coat,which was developed in the 1820s. It had the unusual features of a toggle closure and an integrated hood,and by 1850 had spread through Europe.In the 1850s, British outerwear manufacturer John Partridge developed the first version of the duffle coat.

In the 1890s theBritish Admiraltypurchased the coat in quantity for theRoyal Navyfrom multiple manufacturers,where it was referred to as the "convoy coat".The navy issued a camel-coloured variant duringWorld War I,most probably also made fromMeltonwool.

The design of the coat was modified slightly and widely issued duringWorld War II.It became known under the nickname "Montycoat ".

Large post-war stocks of low-cost military surplus coats turned the duffel into a ubiquitous item of British civilian clothing in the 1950s and 1960s, especially among students. The firm Gloverall purchased large quantities, and in 1954 started producing their own version using leather fastenings andbuffalo horntoggles with a double-faced check lining, and many other modern versions copy some or all of those features.

Today

A contemporary duffel-style coat

Today, the duffel coat is often made ofMelton cloth,as opposed to modern duffel cloth, which is a softer wool fabric with a distinct nap used for high-end coats andparkas.

In Italy as well as in Greece and The Netherlands, the duffel coat is called a Montgomery, or montycoat, afterField Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery,who often wore one during World War II.

In popular culture

Statue ofPaddington Bearin his signature blue duffel coat and red hat atPaddington station,London

British Major Calloway played byTrevor Howardin the 1949 movieThe Third Manwears a standard issue Army duffel coat throughout the film.

In theDoctor WhoserialThe Curse of Fenric,theSeventh Doctorwears atanduffel coat over his costume.

In the BBC sitcomOnly Fools and Horses,Buster Merryfield's character Uncle Albert is often seen wearing his duffel coat along with his signature bluemariner's cap

In theBBCseriesJonathan Creek,part of the titular character's signature look includes a duffel coat, which was from actorAlan Davies' own closet.

Designed by his creatorMichael Bond,a blue duffel coat is one of the signature items inPaddington Bear’s wardrobe, alongside a hat that is often depicted as red.

External links

• Gentleman's Gazette, 3 January 2013: Duffle Coat History
• Duffle Coat history by Gloverall