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TheEast Asian monsoonis amonsoonalflow that carries moist air from theIndian OceanandPacific OceantoEast Asia.It affects approximately one-third of the global population, influencing the climate ofJapan,theKorean Peninsula,Taiwan,China,thePhilippinesand MainlandSoutheast Asiabut most significantlyVietnam.It is driven by temperature differences between the East Asian continent and the Pacific Ocean. The East Asian monsoon is divided into a warm and wet summer monsoon and a cold and dry winter monsoon. This cold and dry winter monsoon is responsible for theaeoliandust deposition andpedogenesisthat resulted in the creation of theLoess Plateau.The monsoon influences weather patterns as far north asSiberia,causing wet summers that contrast with the cold and dry winters caused by theSiberian High,which counterbalances the monsoon's effect on northerly latitudes.
In most years, the monsoonal flow shifts in a very predictable pattern, with winds being southeasterly in late June, bringing significant rainfall to the region, resulting in theEast Asian rainy seasonas the monsoon boundary advances northward during the spring and summer. This leads to a reliable precipitation spike in July and August. However, this pattern occasionally fails, leading to drought and crop failure. In the winter, the winds are northeasterly and the monsoonal precipitation bands move back to the south, and intense precipitation occurs over southern China and Taiwan.
Over Japan and Korea, the monsoon boundary typically takes the form of aquasi-stationary frontseparating the cooler air mass associated with theOkhotsk Highto the north from the hot, humid air mass associated with thesubtropical ridgeto the south. After the monsoon boundary passes north of a given location, it is not uncommon for daytime temperatures to exceed 32 °C (90 °F) with dewpoints of 24 °C (75 °F) or higher. The spring-summer rainy season is referred to as "plum rain" in various languages of East Asia. In Japan the monsoon boundary is referred to as thetsuyu(Mưa dầm)as it advances northward during the spring, while it is referred to as theshurinwhen the boundary retreats back southward during the autumn months.[1]The East Asian monsoon is known asmeiyu(Mưa dầm) in China and Taiwan, andjangma(장마) in Korea.
The location[2]and strength of the East Asian monsoon has varied during theHolocenewhich scientists track using pollen[3]and dust.[4]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^Takao, Fujio & Seita 2001.
- ^An, Z (April 2000). "Asynchronous Holocene optimum of the East Asian monsoon".Quaternary Science Reviews.19(8):743–762.Bibcode:2000QSRv...19..743A.doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00031-1.
- ^Zhou, Wei gian;Donahue, Douglas; Jull, A. J. T. (1997)."Radiocarbon AMS Dating of Pollen Concentrated from Eolian Sediments: Implications for Monsoon Climate Change Since the Late Quaternary".Radiocarbon.39(1):19–26.Bibcode:1997Radcb..39...19Z.doi:10.1017/S0033822200040868.ISSN0033-8222.
- ^Wei gian, Zhou;Donahue, Douglas J.; Porter, Stephen C.; Jull, Timothy A.; Xiaoqiang, Li; Stuiver, Minze; Zhisheng, An; Matsumoto, Eiji; Guangrong, Dong (1996)."Variability of Monsoon Climate in East Asia at the End of the Last Glaciation".Quaternary Research.46(3):219–229.Bibcode:1996QuRes..46..219W.doi:10.1006/qres.1996.0062.ISSN0033-5894.S2CID129650707.
Sources
edit- Takao, Yoshikane; Fujio, Kimura; Seita, Emori (2001)."Numerical Study on the Baiu Front Genesis by Heating Contrast between Land and Ocean".Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan.79(2):671–686.Bibcode:2001JMeSJ..79..671Y.doi:10.2151/jmsj.79.671.ISSN0026-1165.OCLC819392837.