Wikipedia

East Kilbride

East Kilbride(/ ... kɪlˈbraɪd/;Scottish Gaelic:Cille Bhrìghde an Ear[ˈkʲʰiʎəˈvɾʲiːtʲəəɲˈɛɾ]) is the largest town inSouth LanarkshireinScotland,and the country'ssixth-largest localityby population. It was also designated Scotland's firstnew townon 6 May 1947. The area lies on a raised plateau to the south of theCathkin Braes,about eight miles (thirteen kilometres) southeast ofGlasgowand close to the boundary withEast Renfrewshire.

East Kilbride
Town
Turbines at Whitelee Wind Farm
East Kilbride Old Parish Church tower
The National Museum of Rural Life
Dollan Aqua Centre
St Bride's Church, East Kilbride
The Rotten Calder in Calderglen Country Park
Clockwise from top left:Whitelee Wind Farm,tower of Old Parish Church,Dollan Aqua Centre,Rotten CalderinCalderglen Country Park,St Bride's Church,theNational Museum of Rural Life
East Kilbride is located in South Lanarkshire
East Kilbride
East Kilbride
Location within South Lanarkshire Council area
East Kilbride is located in Scotland
East Kilbride
East Kilbride
Location within Scotland
Coordinates:55°45′52″N04°10′37″W/ 55.76444°N 4.17694°W/55.76444; -4.17694
Local authoritySouth Lanarkshire
CountryScotland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Area
• Total
26.8 km2(10.3 sq mi)
Population
• Total
75,310 (2,022)[1]
• Language(s)
English
Time zoneUTC±0(Greenwich Mean Time)
• Summer (DST)UTC+1(British Summer Time)
Postcode districts
G74 / G75
OS grid referenceNS635545
Railway stationEast Kilbride railway station

The town ends close to theWhite Cart Waterto the west and is bounded by theRotten Calder Waterto the east. Immediately to the north of the modern town centre isThe Village,the part of East Kilbride that existed before its post-war development into a New Town. East Kilbride istwinnedwith the town ofBallerup,in Denmark.

History

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Prehistory

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The earliest-known evidence of occupation in the area dates as far back as the late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age, as archaeological investigation has demonstrated that burial cairns in the district began as ceremonial or ritual sites of burial during the Neolithic, with the use of cup-marked, and other inscribed stones at key elevated sites, only to be later built upon with earth and re-used for burial into the Bronze Age.[2]

These findings have found further support through ongoing research indicating that many East Kilbride Cairns first noticed by the ReverendDavid Urein hisHistory of Rutherglen and East Kilbride(1793), are embedded, alongside other monuments, into a ritual landscape related to ancestor cults and relationships with key topographical features and annual solar events.[3][4][5]A flint arrow head was discovered by Allan Forrest, a then child resident whilst groundworks were taking place in his family's garden at Glen Bervie, St Leonards in 1970 which later was identified as dating to 1500 BC (Bronze Age).[6]

Prehistoric – possibly Roman – graves have also been found near the Kype Water close to town of Strathaven, some distance from East Kilbride but suggesting a Roman context for the wider area. Roman coins, footwear, and a Romano-British oil lamp have also been found in the area.[7][8]

History

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East Kilbride traditionally takes its name from anIrishsaint namedSt Bride(or Brigit), who may have founded a monastery for nuns and monks inKildareinLeinster,Ireland,in the 6th century.Dál Riatanmonks afterwards introduced her order to parts of Scotland, although the origins of the East Kilbride example - situated in the West of Scotland, is less certain due to a lack of early historical or linguistic involvement with Dalriada.

The Scots anglicisationkiltakes its root from the Gaeliccille,borrowed from the Latin for cell or chapel, ofSt Brigit.the use ofcilleto mark a probable dedication to an Irish saint in this part of Scotland is problematic due to linguistic dating issues, but some analysis suggests that churches withcilleplace-names in the south west represent an early and short-lived influx of Irish church influence in or before the eighth century, which may or may not have involved theCéilí Déwho were monastics.[9]However, it has been suggested by Prof. T. O. Clancy and others thatcilleplace-names in the region, including the East Kilbride example, may instead relate to the main period of Gaelic cultural influx in the period post 900 AD.[10]

The originalparish churchwas located on what may have been a site of a pre-Christian significance, and tentatively the origin of the association withSt Brigit,since the site may be dedicated to the Celtic goddessBrigid,whose traditions have been continued through the reverence of St Brigit brought on by the Celtic Church.[11]However, this view is unpopular amongst academic audiences due to a complete lack of evidence supporting such earlier origins, thus making it an unfalsifiable concept.[10]

Alternatively, the later dedication may commemorate the Scottish St Bryde, who is alleged to have been born in 451 AD and died at Abernethy 74 years later.[8]However, this is also the same year Brigit is supposed to have been born, and the same year of her death.

Culdee-type Christian settlements were essential to the spread of the Celtic church in Scotland, with small pagan sites being converted and chapels or cells forming little more than crude shelters, or timber and turf buildings with crude circular enclosures.[12][13]Additionally, the number of place-name dedications to St. Brigit in Scotland is further evidence of the possibility of Culdee activity in the southwest, if extrapolations are allowed from known areas of culdee activity.[14]How this possibility relates to the relatively late dating-periods in the British kingdom of Strathclyde has not been explored owing to a lack of surviving written sources to provide insights for this geographical area.[15]

Contemporary History

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In the early 18th century,[16]the word 'East' was added to the name of East Kilbride, and 'West' toWest Kilbrideto distinguish the towns from each other.[17]

East Kilbride grew from a small village of around 900 inhabitants in 1930 to become alarge burghin 1967.[18]The rapid industrialisation of the 20th century underpins this growth and left much of the working population throughout Scotland'sCentral Belt,from Glasgow to Edinburgh, living in the housing stock built at the end of the previous century. TheGreat Warpostponed any housing improvements, as did theTreaty of Versaillesand the period of post-war settlement it created. In turn, this was followed by theGreat Depression.After theSecond World War,Glasgow, already suffering from chronic housing shortages, incurred bomb damage from the war. In 1946, the Clyde Valley Regional Plan allocated sites where overspill satellite "new towns" could be constructed to help alleviate the housing shortage.[19]Glasgow would also undertake the development of its peripheral housing estates. East Kilbride was the first of sixnew townsin Scotland to be designated, in 1947, followed byGlenrothes(1948),Cumbernauld(1956),Livingston(1962),Irvine(1964) andStonehouse(1972), although Stonehouse new town was never built.[20][21]

The planned town has been subdivided into residential precincts, each with its own local shops, primary schools and community facilities. The housing precincts surround the shopping centre, which is bound by aring road.Industrial estates were concentrated on the outskirts of the town in northern, western and south-eastern directions (Nerston,College MiltonandKelvinrespectively).[22]

The Calderglen gorge bordering the eastern fringe of East Kilbride, was celebrated in a high number of printed works as a picturesque forest and 'magnificent in its grouping of craggy heights, sprinkled with trees and [...] the richly wooded and festooned valley', and with 'delightful cascades', and described as indescribable, or as 'the GRAND, the ROMANTIC, and BEAUTIFUL' - the latter being the only part of David Ure's book where he emphasised the descriptive characteristics of a place in bold characters.[23][24][25]The northern part of the gorge and adjoining Calderwood, the gorge's namesake, was the home of an ancient family known as the 'Maxwells of Calderwood' who resided inCalderwood Castle,and were the oldest branch of the Maxwells of Pollok.[26]The remnants of Calderwood Castle were demolished in 1951 and only a few parts of the structure remain.[27]Calderglen Heritageformally constituted in early 2017 as a body to protect, record, and restore local and national interest in the areas of the former Calderwood and Torrance estates of Calderglen.[28]

The story of how workers at theRolls-Roycefactory in East Kilbride prevented engines for military jets being serviced and supplied between 1974 until 1978 to theChilean military dictatorshipis told in the 2018-released documentary,Nae Pasaran.[29]The factory was scheduled for closure in 2017[30]and was subsequently demolished and the land (atNerston Industrial Estate) used for housing; a monument consisting of one of the unrepaired engines was installed at the town'sSouth Lanarkshire Collegein 2019.[31]

Geography

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East Kilbride from the air, 2015
Tenements, tower block and dual carriageway atThe Murray,East Kilbride

Hamilton,the administrative headquarters forSouth Lanarkshire Council,is about five miles (eight kilometres) east of East Kilbride. TheA725 roadlinking the towns also passes Blantyre and one of theUniversity of the West of Scotlandcampuses, with links to Bothwell,Motherwelland ultimately to theM74andM8 motorways.[32]

The nearest Glasgow district ofCastlemilkis about three miles (five kilometres) northwest, with theCathkin Braes,farmland and the village ofCarmunnockin between; abypass(the B766) was built in 1988 to remove Glasgow traffic from Carmunnock.[33]RutherglenandCambuslanglie about the same distance to the north-east and are linked to East Kilbride via thedual carriagewayA749 roadwhich continues into Glasgow.[34]

ClarkstonandBusbyare also about three miles (five kilometres) northwest via theA727 road,withThorntonhallmuch closer.Eagleshamlies about three miles (five kilometres) west of East Kilbride centre; the Glasgow Southern Orbital, another modern bypass which is part of theA726 road,keeps East Kilbride traffic heading for theM77 motorwayaway from Eaglesham andNewton Mearns.[35]

The closest town to the south of East Kilbride isStrathaven,about 7 miles (11 kilometres) away via another section of the A726. The majority of land in the area in between is taken up byWhitelee Wind Farmon the moorland hills to the southwest, including Elrig close to where one of the principal feeder burns of the Calder Water originates.[36]The Calder itself flows northwards past East Kilbride adjacent toBlantyre,before joining theRiver Clydeopposite Daldowie nearNewton.[24]

East Kilbride is often considered to form part of theGreater Glasgowconurbation. However, the urban area is not directly connected to any other, being designed from the outset to serve as a self-contained town with some commute requirements to Glasgow.[22]The hamlets ofNerston,Kittochside,AuldhouseandJacktonwhich were once separate settlements are now on the periphery of the expanding town. Statistically, as of 2020 it is the sixth-largestlocality(a single defined populated place) in Scotland[37]with a population of 75,310, but only the tenth-largestsettlement,as these are formed by connected clusters of localities: for example neighbouring Hamilton's settlement – 84,450 – is combined with Blantyre,BothwellandUddingstonto exceed the population of isolated East Kilbride, with neither counted as part of Greater Glasgow under this definition.[37]

East Kilbride is divided into a number of smaller neighbourhoods bordered by main through-roads. Part of the new town design was that each of these would be a self-contained entity, with a variety of housing types, local shops and primary schools, and accessed safely for pedestrians via paths and underpasses separate from main roads.[22]This is true for the original areas of the new town (principallyCalderwood,Greenhills,The Murray,St LeonardsandWestwood) while newer developments, such asStewartfield,Lindsayfieldand Mossneuk do not adhere as closely to this model and have a more generic suburban layout of low-density private housing, arranged mainly in cul-de-sacs fed by distributor roads.[38][39]

Governance

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East Kilbride District1975–1996
East Kilbride Civic Centre

East Kilbride Civic Centre,which was commissioned by theburghof East Kilbride was designed by Scott Fraser & Browning, built byHolland, Hannen & Cubittsand completed in 1968.[40]From 1975 East Kilbride lent its name to alocal governmentdistrictin theStrathclyderegion.From creation until 1980 theEast Kilbride District Councilwas governed by the Scottish National Party (SNP), subsequently, until dissolution, the district was under the control of Labour. In 1996, administrative functions were taken over by theSouth Lanarkshireunitary council.[41]

There is anEast Kilbride constituency of the Scottish Parliament.From the opening of theScottish Parliament,the constituency was represented byAndy KerrMSP (Labour), untilMay 2011when the seat was won byLinda FabianiMSP (Scottish National Party).[42]

East Kilbride was formerly a constituency of theUK Parliament.In 2005 it was replaced by the constituency ofEast Kilbride, Strathaven and Lesmahagow.The seat was held from 1987 to 2010 by Labour politician,Adam Ingram.In the2010 electionLabour politician,Michael McCann,previously a South Lanarkshire Councillor was elected as the MP for the area. In the2015 election,Lisa Cameronfor the SNP was elected as part of the landslide victory the party had in Scotland, with Cameron, after holding the seat in2017and2019,defecting to theConservativesin 2023.[43]

Economy

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Ice rink withinEast Kilbride Shopping Centre

The town centre is occupied by a largeshopping centrecomprising six linked malls (The Plaza (development started in 1972), Princes Mall (1984), Southgate (1989), Princes Square (1997), Centre West (2003) and The Hub (2016)).[44]

A £400m redevelopment of part of East Kilbride shopping centre was approved in 2006 by South Lanarkshire Council. The plan proposed demolishing some existing buildings to create a new civic centre, health centre, library and shopping facilities.[45][46]The shopping centre's owners went into administration in 2022.[47]There are plans to demolish a large part of the Centre West segment and turn this into housing with the overall retail space to be reduced and new civic amenities to be built.[48]

A branch of the government'sDepartment for International Development,now theForeign, Commonwealth and Development Office,is located in the westernHairmyresarea of East Kilbride.[49]

Religion

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There are approximately 30 Christian churches in East Kilbride. This includes nineChurch of Scotlandchurches, three Baptist churches, and four RomanCatholicchurches. St Bride's RC church is acategory A listed building.St Mark's Episcopal church is situated in the Murray. There is one Lutheran parish of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of England, which is located in the Westwood hill area. An Evangelical Christian congregation is also located in the Westwood area.[50]The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints meeting hall is situated in Vancouver Drive, Westwood. Two congregations ofJehovah's Witnessesshare a Kingdom Hall near the centre of the town. TheChristadelphiansmeet in Calderwood Community Centre.[51]There are two United Reformed Churches, one in the Village,[52]and one in the Murray.[53]In the Greenhills area is a congregation of the Methodist church, whose premises are currently shared by the Seventh Day Adventist church. An Islamic Centre opened in 2018.[54]

Transport

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Looking east on theQueenswaytowards East Kilbride Town Centre

East Kilbride is connected to Glasgow city centre by road and rail. Three main roads connect East Kilbride with surrounding suburbs and the city, one being theA727(formerly A726) leading west toBusbyand on toClarkstonToll. Another route being theA749which runs north intoRutherglen.Recently, the addition of theGlasgow Southern Orbitalroad links the west of the town directly withNewton Mearnsand theM77;this road has taken over the designation A726. Similar to otherNew Towns,the road network within the area is populated by manyroundabouts,which credible survey work as of August 2023 numbers at 199, inclusive of all types of roundabout and exclusive of traffic islands not functioning as roundabouts. This is despite much spurious reference elsewhere numbering them at over 600.[55][56]Glaswegiansjokingly refer to East Kilbride as "Polo mintCity "after the round, mint sweet.[57]The main dual carriageway road running north–south through the town is known as theKingsway,while the main east–west road is known as theQueensway.[35]

Public transport

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East Kilbride bus station,at theEast Kilbride Shopping Centre,was rebuilt in June 2005 with modern facilities, including 14 rapid drive-through stances, allowing quick turnover of buses.East Kilbride railway stationis situated in the Village, about a 10-minute walk from the bus station. Trains depart toGlasgow Central railway stationevery half-hour, with a journey time of about 27 minutes. The town is also served byHairmyres railway stationin Hairmyres.[58]

East Kilbride's primary bus operator isFirst Glasgowwhich provides regular services to the city centre,Busby,Clarkston,Castlemilk,Rutherglen,Blantyre,Hamilton,Motherwelland to many other destinations across Greater Glasgow.McGill's Bus Servicesprovide a service linking East Kilbride toEaglesham,Newton Mearns,Barrhead,NeilstonandUplawmooras well as another service toCambuslangandHalfway.JMB Travel and Whitelaws Coaches also run services in the area.[59]

Bus station

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East Kilbride Bus Station

East Kilbride bus station is managed and operated by theStrathclyde Partnership for Transport.[60]It is situated byEast Kilbride Shopping Centreand is situated right outside the Princes Mall section of the Shopping Centre,[61]and is easily accessible from the Olympia Arcade section also. It is approximately a 10-minute walk fromthe town's rail station.[62]

The current bus station went under a major £4 million expansion and re-planning of the existing site to form 14 rapid drive-through stances with new travel centre and CAB facility at the eastern gateway to the Town Centre. The bus station, which was designed by the architectural firm CDA, opened in 2005. The brief given to the designers was that they were "to achieve a fast turn around of buses, safe pedestrian/vehicular segregation and a secure and accessible environment set within an attractive urban realm".[63]

There are 14 stances (stands) at the bus station that are equipped with electronic displays showing the next few departures. There is also a Travel Centre which is open Saturdays between 9.00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. The operators at the bus station areFirst Glasgow,McGill's Bus Services,JMB Travel and Whitelaw's Coaches.[64]

Cycling

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Many of the busy roundabouts in East Kilbride feature underpasses which allow pedestrians and cyclists safe access across roads. On 19 June 2009,National Cycling Route 756,connecting East Kilbride and Rutherglen with the City Boundary, was opened.[65]In November 2007, South Lanarkshire Council published three cycle routes, named the "East Kilbride Cycle Network" which start at the East Kilbride Shopping Centre in the centre of the town and are signposted.[66]Route One is route is to Strathaven, via Newlandsmuir; Route Two to St Leonard's Shopping Centre, and Route Three is toCalderglen Country Park.[67]Incidentally East Kilbride prior to new town development was a prized health resort, with cycling being a popular pastime there from the late 19th to early 20th centuries.[68]

Leisure and culture

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Illustration ofMains Castlec. 1887

East Kilbride as a new town was designed to provide elements of culture, sport, and heritage for residents so as to create a sense of belonging and place.[69]

  • TheJames Hamilton Heritage Parkis a park primarily containing a 16-acre (6.5-hectare) man-made loch with water sports facilities and surrounding nature sanctuary,[70]adjacent to theCategory A listed,15th-centuryMains Castle,now a private residence.[71][72][73]
  • TheDollan Bathsis one of the most significant buildings of an earlier phase of development. The leisure complex (opened 1968) hascategory A listedstatus is regarded as an outstanding and rare example of a mid-20th century public amenity building in a striking internationally inspired design. Inspired by Pier Luigi Nervi's Olympic complex in Rome, it is also very similar to the complex built for the 1964 Japanese Olympic Games. Its pool was the first champion-sized swimming pool in Scotland although was built 55 yards (50.29 metres) long but only six lanes wide, as compared with the Olympic standard which requires a length of exactly 50 m and a width of ten lanes; a local urban myth said it was built too short to be of Olympic Standard, rather than too few lanes.[74]The Aqua Centre re-opened on 28 May 2011 after a major refurbishment costing £6.5 million.[75][76]
  • Long Calderwood Farmwas formerlyHunter House Museum,and contained exhibits relating to the medical and veterinary pioneers, doctorsWilliamandJohn Hunter,who were born on the estate.[77]It closed as a museum after the financial crash[when?]to later open again as a café operated by the neighbouring Calderwood Baptist Church. The largest single collection of historical archives and records pertaining to East Kilbride parish is that owned or managed by the EK&DH Archive, which is administered by a private board of trustees comprising archivists, historians, and business advisors. This collection of upwards of 630,000 records is accessible by appointment or remotely using dedicated consultation spaces.[78]
  • East Kilbride Central Libraryholds the primary fiction and non-fiction reading stock as well as some local reference collections, photographs and records, representing some of the history of both East Kilbride new town and the earlier parish, whilst South Lanarkshire Archives based at College Milton holds publicly accessible extensive development archives related to East Kilbride Development Corporation and records of local council authorities.[79][80]
  • St Bride's Churchwas designed by the architectsGillespie, Kidd and Coiaand built between 1957 and 1964.[81]
  • Langlands Mossis alocal nature reservewhich comprises a Lowland Raised Peat Bog, a UK BAP priority habitat. The reserve is owned bySouth Lanarkshire Counciland maintained by The Friends of Langlands Moss L.N.R.[82]
  • TheNational Museum of Rural Lifeis located at the 18-century, Category A-listed Wester Kittochside Farm (donated to theNational Trust for Scotlandin 1949 and set up to demonstrate farming practices of that era) and at a modern, purpose-built building off Stewartfield Road, the sites connected for visitors by a short tractor journey across the fields.[83][84]

The town is also home to East Kilbride Arts Centre, a popular arts and performance venue, as well as the longstanding Village Theatre.[85]The town hosted theNational Mòdin 1975.[86]

Sport

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East Kilbride F.C.of theScottish Lowland Football Leagueare based in the town, and play at theK-Park Training AcademyatCalderglen Country Park.[87]

Motherwell Women F.Cof the Scottish Womens Professional League play the majority of their home matches at the K-Park Training Facility based in Calderglen Country Park.

East Kilbride Thistle Juniorsalso operate from The Show Park in the Village.[88]East Kilbride YM FCis the town's oldest football club, founded in 1921.[89]

East Kilbride RFCwere formed in 1968 and are based at the Torrance House Arena at Calderglen Country Park. From 1976 they rose steadily through the leagues, peaking for three years in Premier 2. They now play in the West Regional League 1, the fourth tier of club rugby. They run two senior men's teams and numerous youth teams which are linked to the local schools. Retired Scotland national playerAlasdair Strokoschplayed through all the youth levels at EKRFC.[90]

East Kilbride Piratesare the country's top American football team and play in theBAFA Community Leagues.[91]

EK82 Handball Club,founded in 1972, train at the John Wright Sports Centre and the Alistair McCoist Complex.[92]

Twin town

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East Kilbride has beentwinnedwithBallerup,Denmark since 1965.[93]

Education

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Primary schools

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Additional support needs

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  • Greenburn Primary School, Calderwood Road[115]
  • West Mains School, Logie Park[116]

High schools

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Additional support needs

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Further education

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Notable people

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Notes

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  1. ^Located inAuldhouse.Whilst the school is outside of East Kilbride, some parts of East Kilbride may fall under the catchment area for this school.

References

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  1. ^"Mid-2020 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland".National Records of Scotland.31 March 2022.Retrieved31 March2022.
  2. ^Glasgow University Archaeological Research Division [GUARD] (2008). "Law Knowe Program Of Archaeological Works".GUARD Data Structure Report Series.
  3. ^Thom, Alexander (1970).Megalithic Lunar Observatories.Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 92–117.
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  5. ^Niven, Thomas Eric (1965).East Kilbride, The History of Parish and Village.Glasgow: Wilson, Guthrie And Lang Limited. pp. 9, 96.
  6. ^Scott, J. G. (1970). "East Kilbride: arrowhead, early/mid bronze age".Discovery & Excavation Scotland:31.
  7. ^Various (July 1900). "Notes of the month".The Antiquary.36:193–198.
  8. ^abVarious (1986–88).East Kilbride official guide, The Official Guide to East Kilbride, 7th Edition.London: J Burrow & Co Ltd Publishers. pp. 15–39.
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  10. ^abIona’s Namescape: Place-names and their dynamics in Iona and its environs, 'An Interesting Absence: St Brigit' -https://iona-placenames.glasgow.ac.uk/an-interesting-absence-st-brigit/
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  14. ^"BRIG, BRIGIT, BRIDE (NS)".Saints in Scottish Place-Names.
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  53. ^"Righead United Reformed Church, East Kilbride".Righeadurc.wix.Retrieved21 August2017.
  54. ^"New Islamic centre in East Kilbride to open its doors to community".Daily Record. 22 August 2018.Retrieved8 June2021.
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