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Eisenhüttenstadt

Eisenhüttenstadt(German:[aɪzn̩ˈhʏtn̩ʃtat]ⓘ;lit. 'ironworkscity';Lower Sorbian:Pśibrjog) is atownin theOder-Spreedistrict of the state ofBrandenburg,in easternGermany,on the border withPoland.East Germanyfounded the city in 1950. It was known asStalinstadt(Stalinměsto) between 1953 and 1961.

Eisenhüttenstadt
Pśibrjog(Lower Sorbian)
Town
Old core of Eisenhüttenstadt with St. Nikolai church
Friedrich-Wolf-Theater
Town hall
Panorama with blast furnace
Coat of arms of Eisenhüttenstadt
Coat of arms
Location of Eisenhüttenstadt within Oder-Spree district
Bad SaarowBeeskowBerkenbrückBriesenBrieskow-FinkenheerdDiensdorf-RadlowEisenhüttenstadtErknerFriedlandFürstenwaldeGosen-Neu ZittauGroß LindowGrünheideGrunow-DammendorfJacobsdorfLangewahlLawitzBriesen (Mark)MixdorfMüllroseNeißemündeNeuzelleRagow-MerzRauenReichenwaldeRietz-NeuendorfSchlaubetalSchöneicheSiehdichumSpreenhagenSteinhöfelStorkowTaucheVogelsangWendisch RietzWiesenauWoltersdorfZiltendorfBrandenburg
Eisenhüttenstadt is located in Germany
Eisenhüttenstadt
Eisenhüttenstadt
Eisenhüttenstadt is located in Brandenburg
Eisenhüttenstadt
Eisenhüttenstadt
Coordinates:52°08′42″N14°40′22″E/ 52.14500°N 14.67278°E/52.14500; 14.67278
CountryGermany
StateBrandenburg
DistrictOder-Spree
Subdivisions4 districts
Government
•Mayor(2017–25)Frank Balzer[1](SPD)
Area
• Total
63.40 km2(24.48 sq mi)
Elevation
42 m (138 ft)
Population
(2022-12-31)[2]
• Total
24,125
• Density380/km2(990/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00(CET)
• Summer (DST)UTC+02:00(CEST)
Postal codes
15890
Dialling codes03364
Vehicle registrationLOS, EH
Websitewww.eisenhuettenstadt.de

Geography

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The municipal area is situated on a sandyterracein the Berlin-Warsaw glacial valley (Urstromtal). It is bounded by theOderriver andGermany–Poland borderto the east. Eisenhüttenstadt is the eastern terminus of theOder–Spree Canal.The town centre is located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south ofFrankfurt (Oder)and 110 km (68 mi) southeast ofBerlin.Eisenhüttenstadt is served by theBerlin–Wrocław railwayline.

The town comprises the districts of Diehlo, Fürstenberg (Oder), and Schönfließ.[3]

History

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See also:EKO Stahl
Fürstenberg in 1952

The town was built near the historic village of Fürstenberg (Oder) which was founded in 1251. In 1319, Fürstenberg (Polish:Przybrzeg)[4][5]became part of theDuchy of Jaworwithin fragmentedPiast-ruled Poland.[6]Later on, it passed to theKingdom of Bohemia,andCharles IVbought the town from theCisterciansofNeuzelleand allowed the construction of a bridge over the Oder to create a new trade route to Poland.[5]In 1469 it passed to KingMatthias Corvinusof Hungary, and in 1490 it returned to Bohemia. After thePeace of Praguein 1635, Fürstenberg became part of theElectorate of Saxony.In 1815 it was transferred toPrussia,and in 1871 it became part of theGerman Empire.In 1925, a port on theOderwas created.

DuringWorld War II,the Germans operated the Stalag III-Bprisoner-of-war campfor Polish,French,Belgian, Serbian, Soviet, American, Dutch,Italianand British POWs in Fürstenberg with severalforced laboursubcamps in the town and region, a forced labour camp for Jewish men, and a subcamp of theSachsenhausen concentration camp.[7][8][9]

The present-day town was founded as a socialistmodel cityin 1950 following a decision by the East GermanSocialist Unity Party(SED), alongside a new steel millcombinelocated west of the historic town of Fürstenberg (Oder).[10]A few years before thenew townwas established, a bridge over the Oder river had been constructed, the earlier one having been destroyed by retreatingWehrmachtforces in February 1945, near the end ofWorld War II.

The population grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s. It was renamed Stalinstadt following the death of Joseph Stalin. In 1961, duringde-Stalinization,the town was renamed Eisenhüttenstadt. AfterGerman reunificationin 1990, the state-owned steel works wereprivatized,and most of its 12,000 employees lost their jobs. Thereafter the factory employed around 2,500 workers.[11]The town experienced a steep decline in population, from just over 50,000 to under 30,000. Consequently, many apartment blocks have now been demolished, although some in the inner city dating from the 1950s have been renovated and restored.[12]

Demography

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  • Development of Population since 1875 within the Current Boundaries (Blue Line: Population; Dotted Line: Comparison to Population Development of Brandenburg state; Grey Background: Time of Nazi rule; Red Background: Time of Communist rule)
  • Recent Population Development and Projections (Population Development before Census 2011 (blue line); Recent Population Development according to theCensus in Germanyin 2011 (blue bordered line); Official projections for 2005-2030 (yellow line); for 2017-2030 (scarlet line); for 2020-2030 (green line)
Eisenhüttenstadt: Population development
within the current boundaries (2020)[13]
YearPop.±% p.a.
18753,850—
18905,253+2.09%
19107,971+2.11%
19258,997+0.81%
19398,736−0.21%
195010,579+1.76%
196436,937+9.34%
YearPop.±% p.a.
197145,762+3.11%
198148,131+0.51%
198549,086+0.49%
199051,151+0.83%
199547,376−1.52%
200041,493−2.62%
200534,818−3.45%
YearPop.±% p.a.
201031,132−2.21%
201530,416−0.46%
201626,325−13.45%
201725,057−4.82%
201824,633−1.69%
201923,878−3.06%
202023,373−2.11%
1953 celebration:Walter Ulbrichtwith Soviet ambassadorIvan Ilyichev
View over Eisenhüttenstadt in 2012

Architecture

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The first design for the new residential quarter was developed by themodernistandBauhausarchitect,Franz Ehrlich,in August 1950. Hismodernistplan, which laid out a dispersed town landscape along functional lines, was rejected by the Ministry for Reconstruction. The same happened to the plan presented by the architects Kurt Junghanns and Otto Geiler. The plan that was ultimately realized was developed byKurt Walter Leucht.[14][15]

Twin towns – sister cities

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See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Eisenhüttenstadt istwinnedwith:[16]

Notable people

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Eisenhüttenstadt is the birthplace of:

Other personalities associated with the city

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Rudolf Bahro,Berlin 1989, SED Party convention
  • Bernhard Lösener(1890–1952), jurist
  • Rudolf Bahro(1935–1997), regime critic and author of the bookThe alternative. A critique of real-existing socialism.,spent his school days in the city
  • Tamara Bunke(1937–1967), fellow combatant ofChe GuevarainBolivia,took her Abitur (school leaving examination) in Eisenhüttenstadt
  • Rolf Henrich(born 1944), lawyer, first signatory of the Founding Congress of theNew Forum

References

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  1. ^Landkreis Oder-Spree Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters,accessed 2 July 2021.
  2. ^"Bevölkerungsentwicklung und Bevölkerungsstandim Land Brandenburg Dezember 2022"(PDF).Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg(in German). June 2023.
  3. ^"Stadt Eisenhüttenstadt".Land Brandenburg(in German). Archived fromthe originalon 23 October 2020.Retrieved4 August2020.
  4. ^Wojskowy Instytut Geograficzny Sztabu Generalnego W.P. (1947). "Legnica" (Map).Mapa Polski.1:500,000 (in Polish).
  5. ^abPieradzka, Krystyna (1949). "Związki handlowe Łużyc ze Śląskiem w dawnych wiekach".Sobótka(in Polish).IV(4). Wrocław: 91.
  6. ^Paulitz, Johann Gottlob.Chronik der Stadt Senftenberg und der zum ehemaligen Amte Senftenberg gehörigen Ortschaften(in German). Dresden. p. 67.
  7. ^Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022).The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV.Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. 405–406.ISBN978-0-253-06089-1.
  8. ^"Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Fürstenberg".Bundesarchiv.de(in German).Retrieved25 October2023.
  9. ^"Anlage zu § 1. Verzeichnis der Konzentrationslager und ihrer Außenkommandos gemäß § 42 Abs. 2 BEG"(in German). Archived fromthe originalon 23 April 2009.Retrieved25 October2023.
  10. ^"Eisenhüttenstadt".Eisenhuettenstadt(in German).
  11. ^Emily Young (28 April 2014)."Germany: The rise and fall of a model socialist city".BBC News.Retrieved28 April2014.
  12. ^"Eisenhuttenstadt".DW.
  13. ^Detailed data sources are to be found in the Wikimedia Commons.Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons
  14. ^"BernhFalter.pmd"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 30 June 2007.Retrieved4 June2007.
  15. ^"Architektur & Denkmalschutz".Eisenhuettenstadt(in German). Archived fromthe originalon 27 September 2007.Retrieved6 August2009.
  16. ^"Unsere Partnerstädte".eisenhuettenstadt.de(in German). Eisenhüttenstadt.Retrieved2 February2021.
  17. ^"Saarlouis – deutsch-deutsche Partner und Freunde seit über 30 Jahren".eisenhuettenstadt.de(in German). Eisenhüttenstadt.Retrieved2 February2021.
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