Engels(Russian:Э́нгельс,IPA:[ˈɛnɡʲɪlʲs]) is acityinSaratov Oblast,Russia.An importantportlocated on theVolga Riveracross fromSaratov,theadministrative centerof theoblast,it is connected to it with abridge.It is the second-largest city in Saratov Oblast, with a population of202,419 (2010 Census).[2]
Engels
Энгельс | |
|---|---|
 A monument to the coat of arms of Engels | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
Location of Engels  | |
  Engels Location of Engels  Engels Engels (European Russia)  Engels Engels (Europe) | |
| Coordinates:51°30′06″N46°07′20″E/ 51.50167°N 46.12222°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Saratov Oblast[1] |
| Founded | 1747 |
| City status since | 1914 |
| Elevation | 20 m (70 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 202,419 |
| • Rank | 92ndin 2010 |
| •Subordinated to | EngelsCity Under Oblast Jurisdiction |
| •Capitalof | Engelssky District,[3]Engels City Under Oblast Jurisdiction |
| •Municipal district | Engelssky Municipal District[4] |
| •Urban settlement | Engels Urban Settlement[4] |
| •Capitalof | Engelssky Municipal District,[5]Engels Urban Settlement[4] |
| Time zone | UTC+4(MSK+1 [6]) |
| Postal code(s)[7] | 413100–413102, 413105–413108, 413110–413119, 413121–413125, 413129 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 8453 |
| OKTMOID | 63650101001 |
| Website | www |
Historically a major center forVolga Germans,the city was known jointly asPokrovsk(Pokrovskayasloboda(until 1914),Pokrovsk(until 1931)) inRussianand asKosakenstadtinGerman,until it was renamed after GermanMarxisttheoreticianFriedrich Engelsin 1931. Engels served as the capital of theVolga German ASSRfrom 1918 until its abolition in 1941.
History
editWhat would become the city was founded as aslobodanamed Pokrovskaya Sloboda byUkrainianChumaksettlers in 1747. During the reign ofCatherine the Great,ethnicGermanswere encouraged to settle in theVolga regionand many moved into the town, making it a major center of theVolga Germanculture. It was granted official town status and renamedPokrovsk(Покровск) in 1914.[8]At that time, the town was commonly known asKosakenstadt( "Cossacks' Town ") inGerman,alongside its official Russian name. During theRussian Civil War,the region came under control of theBolshevikRussian SFSR,and in 1918 it became the capital of the newly establishedVolga German ASSRwithin the Russian SFSR. Pokrovsk/Kosakenstadt was renamed Engels in 1931[citation needed],after German communist philosopherFriedrich Engels.The Volga German ASSR was abolished in 1941 with theGerman invasion of Russiaserving as a pretext, and the city became part ofSaratov Oblast.Its German inhabitants suffered persecution as Soviet authorities accused them of beingspiesforNazi Germany.All Germans weredeported from Engels,with most being sent far away toSiberiaand theKazakh SSR.On August 26, 2011, a monument in honor of theRussian-German victimsof repression within theSoviet Unionwas unveiled in the city.
Engels-2,a Russian Air Force base is nearby.
Administrative and municipal status
editWithin theframework of administrative divisions,Engels serves as theadministrative centerofEngelssky District,[3]even though it is not a part of it.[9]As an administrative division, it is, together with fourrural localities,incorporated separately asEngelsCity Under Oblast Jurisdiction[9]—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of thedistricts.[citation needed]As amunicipal division,Engels City Under Oblast Jurisdiction, together with thework settlementofPrivolzhskyand one rural locality (the settlement ofGeofizik) in Engelssky District, are incorporated within Engelssky Municipal District asEngels Urban Settlement.[4]
Economy
editEngels is an industrial city. TheTrolzafactory manufacturestrolleybusesfor Russia's public transportation networks. The Engelssky factory of transport mechanical engineering produces rolling stock for railways. The Bosch-Saratov plant, previously Autotractor Spark Plugs, produces spark plugs, and the GermanHenkelcompany operates a factory producing domesticlaundry detergentand chemical products for the auto-industry. The Engelssky pipe factory makes steel electro-welded pipes, steel water pipeline, and profile pipes.
In August 2015, a prototype 1520 mm gaugeBombardier TraxxF120MS locomotive was unveiled at a ceremony to mark the inauguration of First Locomotive Company's factory at Engels.[10]
Historical population
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1897 | 21,599 | — |
| 1926 | 34,167 | +58.2% |
| 1939 | 73,240 | +114.4% |
| 1959 | 90,724 | +23.9% |
| 1970 | 130,066 | +43.4% |
| 1979 | 161,349 | +24.1% |
| 1989[11] | 181,201 | +12.3% |
| 2002[12] | 193,984 | +7.1% |
| 2010[2] | 202,419 | +4.3% |
| 2021 | 225,428 | +11.4% |
| Source: Census data | ||
Sister cities
edit
Notable people
edit- Lev Kassil(1905–1970), writer
- Alfred Schnittke(1934–1998), composer
References
edit- ^abCharter of Saratov Oblast
- ^abcRussian Federal State Statistics Service (2011).Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1].Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census](in Russian).Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^abГосударственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 63 250», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г..(State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 63 250,as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
- ^abcdLaw #106-ZSO
- ^Law #78-ZSO
- ^"Об исчислении времени".Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации(in Russian). June 3, 2011.RetrievedJanuary 19,2019.
- ^Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post).Поиск объектов почтовой связи(Postal Objects Search)(in Russian)
- ^"ПОКРОВСКАЯ СЛОБОДА (Покровск), ныне город Энгельс Саратовской области".
- ^abГосударственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 63 450», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г..(State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 63 450,as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
- ^"Russian Traxx unveiled at Engels locomotive plant inauguration".railwaygazette. August 20, 2015.RetrievedAugust 26,2016.
- ^Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров[All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers].Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989](in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – viaDemoscope Weekly.
- ^Federal State Statistics Service(May 21, 2004).Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек[Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000](XLS).Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002](in Russian).
- ^"Interactive City Directory".Sister Cities International. Archived fromthe originalon October 18, 2016.RetrievedFebruary 20,2016.
Sources
edit- Саратовская областная Дума. Закон №46-ЗСО от 2 июня 2005 г. «Устав (Основной Закон) Саратовской области», в ред. Закона №54-ЗСО от 28 апреля 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Устав (Основной Закон) Саратовской области». Вступил в силу после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Неделя области", Спецвыпуск, №38 (156), 4 июня 2005 г.(Saratov Oblast Duma. Law #46-ZSO of June 2, 2005Charter (Basic Law) of Saratov Oblast,as amended by the Law #54-ZSO of April 28, 2015On Amending the Charter (Basic Law) of Saratov Oblast.Effective as of after the official publication.).
- Саратовская областная Дума. Закон №79-ЗСО от 23 декабря 2004 г «О городских округах». Вступил в силу с 1 января 2005 г. Опубликован: "Саратов — столица Поволжья", №264 (1215), 24 декабря 2004 г.(Saratov Oblast Duma. Law #79-ZSO of December 23, 2004On the Urban Okrugs.Effective as of January 1, 2005.).
- Саратовская областная Дума. Закон №106-ЗСО от 27 декабря 2004 г. «О муниципальных образованиях, входящих в состав Энгельсского муниципального района», в ред. Закона №71-ЗСО от 16 мая 2013 г. «О преобразовании Коминтерновского и Новопушкинского муниципальных образований Энгельсского муниципального района Саратовской области и о внесении изменений в Закон Саратовской области "О муниципальных образованиях, входящих в состав Энгельсского муниципального района" ». Вступил в силу с 1 января 2005 г. Опубликован: "Саратов — столица Поволжья", №7–8 (1230–1231), 18 января 2005 г.(Saratov Oblast Duma. Law #106-ZSO of December 27, 2004On the Municipal Formations Constituting Engelssky Municipal District,as amended by the Law #71-ZSO of May 16, 2013On the Transformation of Kominternovskoye and Novopushkinskoye Municipal Formations in Engelssky Municipal District of Saratov Oblast and on Amending the Law of Saratov Oblast "On the Municipal Formations Constituting Engelssky Municipal District".Effective as of January 1, 2005.).
External links
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Media related toEngels, Saratov Oblastat Wikimedia Commons- Official website of Engels(in Russian)
- Engels Business Directory(in Russian)
