Wikipedia

Fadl ibn Abbas

Faḍl ibn ʿAbbās(Arabic:فضل بن عباس; c. 614 – 639 CE) was a brother ofAbd Allah ibn Abbasand was a cousin of the Islamic prophetMuhammad.

Fadl ibn Abbas
فضل بن عباس
Personal life
Bornc. 614AD
Mecca,Hejaz,Arabia
Diedc. 639AD
Amwas,Palestine
Spouse
ChildrenAbdulrehman, Muhammad(Ahmed) bin Fadl ibn abbas, Umm Kulthum bint Fadl ibn Abbas
Parents
Known forSahabiand cousin ofMuhammad
Relatives
Brothers:
Religious life
ReligionIslam

Biography

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Fadl was the eldest son ofAbbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib,an uncle of Muhammad and a wealthy merchant ofMecca,and ofLubaba bint al-Harith,a sister of Muhammad's wifeMaymuna.[1]He was among those who "stood firm" at theBattle of Hunaynin 630,[2]after which his family emigrated toMedina.[3]

Fadl married his cousin, Safiya bint Mahmiya,[4][5][6]and they had one daughter, Umm Kulthum, who was born in Muhammad's lifetime.[7]He also married Amra bint Yazid of theKilabtribe, but this marriage ended in divorce after only a few months.[8]

According to his brother Abd Allah, Fadl was an extremely handsome man. At theFarewell Pilgrimagein March 632, he rode pillion on Muhammad's camel. On his own admission, he gazed at a pretty girl on another camel so intently that Muhammad had to take his chin and turn his face away from her three times.[9][10][11]It was concerning this incident that Muhammad made his famous remark: “I saw a young man and a young woman, and I could not trust Satan with them.”[12]

When Muhammad succumbed to his final illness, it was Fadl and his cousinAliwho supported him in his final walk toAisha's house.[13]After Muhammad's death, Fadl was one of those who entered his grave and helped to lay his body.[14]

He took part in many battles of the Muslims against Byzantines and Persians.[15]During the Rashidun invasion towards Levant, afterAbu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrahhas pacified the area in Moab, he sentZubayr ibn al-Awwamand Fadl ibn Abbas to subdue the city ofAmman.[16]Waqidi recorded thatSaid ibn Amir al-Jumahitestifies during the battle, where occurred on a bridge, he saw on the front of Muslim army, Zubayr and Fadl fought ferociously against the Byzantines atop of their horses, as in Waqidi record, "each (Zubayr and Fadl) fought like thousand horsemens", as the Byzantine soldiers were terrified and fleeing on the sight of Zubayr and Fadl, as Said ibn Amir following by saying that at the Rashidun army were butchering the fleeing Byzantine soldiers, while some has been captured as prisoner of war.[17][18]Then Zubair managed to kill the Byzantine commander named Nicetas and continued with the city of Amman subdued.[16]

Later, the Muslim forces besieged Barqa (Cyrenaica) for about three years to no avail.[19]ThenKhalid ibn al-Walid,who previously involved in the conquest ofOxyrhynchus(البهنسا, Al-Bahnasa), offered a radical plan to erect catapult which filled by cotton sacks.[19]Then as the night came and the city guard slept, Khalid ordered his best warriors such asZubayr ibn al-Awwam,his sonAbd Allah,Abdul-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr,Fadl ibn Abbas, Abu Mas'ud al-Badri, and Abd al-Razzaq to step into the catapult platform which filled by cotton sacks.[19]The catapult launched them one by one to the top of the wall and allowed these warriors to enter the city, opening the gates and killing the guards, thus allowing the Muslim forces to enter and capturing the city.[19]

Fadl transmitted somehadithsabout Muhammad, but he did not live long enough to be known as a great teacher. He died of the plague in Amwas, Syria, in 18 AH (639 CE), aged about 25.[20][21]

Status in Shia Islam

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He is well regarded byShiassincehe refused to give his oath of allegiance to Abu Bakr.[15]

See also

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References

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  1. ^Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari.Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk.Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998).Volume 39: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors,p. 201. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  2. ^Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume) p. 569.
  3. ^Tabari (Landau-Tasseron) p. 202.
  4. ^Muslim 5:2347.
  5. ^Abu Dawud 19:2979.
  6. ^Ibn Hajar,Isaba,vol. 7 #11412; vol. 8 #12064.
  7. ^Ibn Hajar,Isaba,vol. 8 #12234.
  8. ^Guillaume, A. (1960).New Life on the Light of Muhammad,p. 55. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  9. ^Bukhari 8:74:247.
  10. ^Ibn Hanbal,Musnad.Translated by Al-Khattab, N., vol. 2 p. 218 #1805. Riyadh: Darussalem.
  11. ^Ibn Hanbal (Khattab) vol. 2 p. 222 #1818.
  12. ^Ibn Kathir (Le Gassick) vol. 4 p. 265.
  13. ^Ibn Ishaq,Sirat Rasul Allah.Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955).The Life of Muhammad,p. 679. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  14. ^Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume) pp. 688-689.
  15. ^abPeshawar Nightson Al-Islam.org[1]
  16. ^abKharasiyat, Muhammad Abdul Qadir (2004).عمان في العهد الإسلامي[Amman in the Islamic Era Volume 3 dari Mawsūʻat ʻAmmān al-turāthīyah Volume 3 dari Oman Heritage Encyclopedia; Amman Encyclopedia] (in Arabic). Amman Municipality. p. 18.Retrieved24 December2021.
  17. ^Ibn-ʿAbdallāh Abū-Ismāʿīl al-Azdī al-Baṣrī, Muhammad (1863). Nassau Lees, W. (ed.)."The" conquest of Syria commonly ascribed to Aboo 'Abd Allah Mohammad b. 'Omar al-Wáqidí · Volume 3(in Arabic). Austrian National Library: Bengal military Press. p. 153.Retrieved24 December2021.
  18. ^Jha, Ganganatha (1854).Bibliotheca Indica Pages 1-3.Calcutta, India: Asiatic Society. p. 153.Retrieved23 December2021.
  19. ^abcdالشاعر (2020)."البهنسا.. مدينة الشهداء وبقيع مصر"[Bahnasa.. the city of martyrs and Baqi’ of Egypt](website news)(in Arabic). صحيفة الساعة 25 (25 O'Clock news). صحيفة الساعة 25 (25 O'Clock news).Retrieved28 January2022.عبد اللطيف عبد الرحمن, أبي عبد الله محمد بن عمر/الواقدي · 2005; فتوح الشام
  20. ^Tabari (Landau-Tasseron) p. 95.
  21. ^"Fadl bin 'Abbas".Retrieved21 June2014.
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