Felinaeis asubfamilyof theFelidaeand comprises the small cats having a bonyhyoid,because of which they are able topurrbut notroar.[2] Other authors have proposed an alternative definition for this subfamily, as comprising only the livingconical-toothed cat genera with two tribes, the Felini and Pantherini, and excluding the extinct sabre-toothedMachairodontinae.[3][4]
Felinae[1] | |
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Clockwise, anocelot,aEuropean wildcat,acougarand acheetah | |
Scientific classification![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Carnivora |
Suborder: | Feliformia |
Family: | Felidae |
Subfamily: | Felinae Fischer von Waldheim,1817 |
Type genus | |
Felis | |
Genera | |
See§Taxonomy | |
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Native ranges of Felinae |
Characteristics
editThe members of the Felinae have retractile claws that are protected by at least onecutaneouslobe.Theirlarynxis kept close to the base of theskullby anossifiedhyoid.[5] They can purr owing to thevocal foldsbeing shorter than 6 mm (0.24 in).[6][7] The cheetahAcinonyxdoes not have cutaneous sheaths for guarding claws.[8]
Taxonomy
editThe term 'Felini' was first used in 1817 byGotthelf Fischer von Waldheim,at the time for all the catspeciesthat had been proposed as belonging to thegenusFelis.[9] In 1917,Reginald Innes Pocockalso subordinated the following genera to the Felinae that had been proposed in the course of the 19th century:Lynx,Puma,Leptailurus,Prionailurus,Pardofelis,Leopardus,Herpailurus,Neofelisand four more.[5]
The Felinae andPantherinaeprobablydivergedabout 11.5 million years ago. The genera within the Felinae diverged between 10.67 and 4.23 million years ago.[10][11]
Today, the following living genera and species are recognised as belonging to the Felinae:[2]
Extinct taxa
editGenus | Species | Image |
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Felis | Felis lunensis | |
Acinonyx | ||
Lynx | ||
Puma | ||
Leopardus | L. vorohuensis | |
LeptofelisSalesa et al., 2017 | L. vallesiensis | |
MiracinonyxAdams, 1979[52] |
|
|
PratifelisHibbard,1934 | P. martini | |
PristifelisSalesa et al., 2012 | P. attica | |
SivapantheraKretzoi, 1929[53] |
|
Phylogeny
editThe phylogenetic relationships of Felinae are shown in the following cladogram:[54][55][2]
Felinae |
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sensu lato
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See also
editReferences
edit- ^Wozencraft, W. C.(2005)."Felinae".InWilson, D. E.;Reeder, D. M. (eds.).Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532–545.ISBN978-0-8018-8221-0.OCLC62265494.
- ^abcKitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O’Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017)."A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group"(PDF).Cat News.Special Issue 11: 11−63.
- ^Werdelin, L.; Yamaguchi, N.; Johnson, W. E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2010)."Phylogeny and evolution of cats (Felidae)".In Macdonald, D. W.; Loveridge, A. J. (eds.).Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids.Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 59–82.ISBN978-0-19-923445-5.
- ^Werdelin, L. (2013)."Subfamily Felinae − Cats".In Kingdon, J.; Happold, D.; Butynski, T.; Hoffmann, M.; Happold, M.; Kalina, J. (eds.).Mammals of Africa.Vol. 5. London, UK: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 144–210.ISBN978-1-4081-2251-8.
- ^abPocock, R. I. (1917)."The classification of the existing Felidae".Annals and Magazine of Natural History.Series 8.XX(119): 329–350.doi:10.1080/00222931709487018.
- ^Hast, M. H. (1989)."The larynx of roaring and non-roaring cats".Journal of Anatomy.163:117–121.PMC1256521.PMID2606766.
- ^Peters, G. (2002). "Purring and similar vocalizations in mammals".Mammal Review.32(4): 245−271.doi:10.1046/j.1365-2907.2002.00113.x.
- ^Pocock, R. I. (1917)."VII.—On the external characters of the Felidæ".The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology.8.19(109): 113−136.doi:10.1080/00222931709486916.
- ^Fischer, G. (1817)."Adversaria Zoologica. Fasciculus primus. Quaedam ad Mammalium systema et genera illustranda".Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou.5:357−446.
- ^Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E. & O'Brien, S. J. (2006)."The Late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment".Science.311(5757): 73–77.Bibcode:2006Sci...311...73J.doi:10.1126/science.1122277.PMID16400146.S2CID41672825.
- ^Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J. (2016)."Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae)".Genome Research.26(1): 1−11.doi:10.1101/gr.186668.114.PMC4691742.PMID26518481.
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- ^Temminck, C. J. (1827)."Félis doréFelis aurata".Monographies de Mammalogie.Paris: G. Dufour et E. d'Ocagne. pp. 120−121.
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- ^Adams, D. B. (1979). "The Cheetah: Native American".Science.205(4411): 1155–1158.Bibcode:1979Sci...205.1155A.doi:10.1126/science.205.4411.1155.PMID17735054.S2CID17951039.
- ^Kretzoi, M. (1929). "Materialien zur phylogenetischen Klassifikation der Ailuroïden". In Csiki, E. (ed.).Xe Congrès international de zoologie, tenu à Budapest du 4 au 10 septembre 1927. Volume 2.Budapest: Imprimerie Stephaneus. pp. 1293−1355.
- ^Werdelin, L.; Yamaguchi, N.; Johnson, W. E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2010)."Phylogeny and evolution of cats (Felidae)".In Macdonald, D. W.; Loveridge, A. J. (eds.).Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids.Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 59–82.ISBN978-0-19-923445-5.
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External links
edit- Media related toFelinaeat Wikimedia Commons