Wikipedia

Felinae

Not to be confused withFelidae.

Felinaeis asubfamilyof theFelidaeand comprises the small cats having a bonyhyoid,because of which they are able topurrbut notroar.[2] Other authors have proposed an alternative definition for this subfamily, as comprising only the livingconical-toothed cat genera with two tribes, the Felini and Pantherini, and excluding the extinct sabre-toothedMachairodontinae.[3][4]

Felinae[1]
Temporal range:Miocene–Holocene,9–0Ma
Clockwise, anocelot,aEuropean wildcat,acougarand acheetah
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Suborder: Feliformia
Family: Felidae
Subfamily: Felinae
Fischer von Waldheim,1817
Type genus
Felis
Genera

See§Taxonomy

Native ranges of Felinae

Characteristics

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The members of the Felinae have retractile claws that are protected by at least onecutaneouslobe.Theirlarynxis kept close to the base of theskullby anossifiedhyoid.[5] They can purr owing to thevocal foldsbeing shorter than 6 mm (0.24 in).[6][7] The cheetahAcinonyxdoes not have cutaneous sheaths for guarding claws.[8]

Taxonomy

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The term 'Felini' was first used in 1817 byGotthelf Fischer von Waldheim,at the time for all the catspeciesthat had been proposed as belonging to thegenusFelis.[9] In 1917,Reginald Innes Pocockalso subordinated the following genera to the Felinae that had been proposed in the course of the 19th century:Lynx,Puma,Leptailurus,Prionailurus,Pardofelis,Leopardus,Herpailurus,Neofelisand four more.[5]

The Felinae andPantherinaeprobablydivergedabout 11.5 million years ago. The genera within the Felinae diverged between 10.67 and 4.23 million years ago.[10][11]

Today, the following living genera and species are recognised as belonging to the Felinae:[2]

Genus Species Image oftype species Range
AcinonyxBrookes,1828[12] AfricaandSouthwestern Asia
CaracalGray,1843[14] AfricaandSouthwestern Asia
CatopumaSevertzov,1858[17] Southeastern Asia
FelisLinnaeus, 1758[20]
HerpailurusSevertzov,1858[17] CentralandSouthern America
LeopardusGray, 1842[28] CentralandSouthern America
LeptailurusSevertzov, 1858[17] Africa
LynxKerr,1792[37] Northern Hemisphere
OtocolobusBrandt,1842[41] Central Asia
PardofelisSevertzov,1858[17] Southeastern Asia
PrionailurusSevertzov, 1858[17] SoutheasternandEastern Asia
PumaJardine1834[48] Americas

Extinct taxa

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Genus Species Image
Felis Felis lunensis
Acinonyx

Lynx
Puma

Leopardus L. vorohuensis
LeptofelisSalesa et al., 2017 L. vallesiensis
MiracinonyxAdams, 1979[52]
  • M. inexpectatus
  • M. trumani
PratifelisHibbard,1934 P. martini
PristifelisSalesa et al., 2012 P. attica
SivapantheraKretzoi, 1929[53]
  • S. arvernensis
  • S. brachygnathus
  • S. linxiaensis
  • S. padhriensis
  • S. pleistocaenicus
  • S. potens

Phylogeny

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The phylogenetic relationships of Felinae are shown in the following cladogram:[54][55][2]

Felinae
Felinae
Domestic cat lineage
Felis

Felis catus(domestic cat)

Felis lybica(African wildcat)

Felis bieti(Chinese mountain cat)

Felis silvestris(European wildcat)

†Felis lunensis(Martelli's cat)

Felis margarita(Sand cat)

Felis nigripes(Black-footed cat)

Felis chaus(Jungle cat)

†Pristifelis

†Pristifelis attica

Leopard cat lineage
Prionailurus

Prionailurus bengalensis(Leopard cat)

Prionailurus javanensis(Sunda leopard cat)

Prionailurus viverrinus(Fishing cat)

Prionailurus planiceps(Flat-headed cat)

Prionailurus rubiginosus(Rusty-spotted cat)

Otocolobus

Otocolobus manul(Pallas's cat)

Puma lineage
Puma

Puma concolor(Cougar)

†Puma pardoides(Eurasian puma)

†Puma pumoides

†Miracinonyx

†Miracinonyx inexpectatus

†Miracinonyx trumani

Herpailurus

Herpailurus yagouaroundi(Jaguarundi)

Acinonyx

Acinonyx jubatus(Cheetah)

†Acinonyx pardinensis(Giant cheetah)

†Acinonyx aicha

†Acinonyx intermedius

†Sivapanthera

†Sivapanthera brachygnathus

†Sivapanthera pleistocaenicus

†Sivapanthera potens

†Sivapanthera linxiaensis

†Sivapanthera padhriensis

†Sivapanthera arvernensis

Lynx
Lynx lineage

Lynx lynx(Eurasian lynx)

Lynx pardinus(Iberian lynx)

Lynx canadensis(Canada lynx)

Lynx rufus(Bobcat)

†Lynx issiodorensis(Issoire lynx)

†Lynx rexroadensis

†Lynx thomasi

Leopardus
Ocelot lineage

Leopardus pardalis(Ocelot)

Leopardus wiedii(Margay)

Leopardus tigrinus(Oncilla)

Leopardus guigna(Kodkod)

Leopardus geoffroyi(Geoffroy's cat)

Leopardus guttulus(Southern tiger cat)

Leopardus colocolo(Pampas cat)

Leopardus jacobita(Andean mountain cat)

†Leopardus vorohuensis

Caracal lineage
Caracal

Caracal caracal(Caracal)

Caracal aurata(African golden cat)

Leptailurus

Leptailurus serval(Serval)

Bay cat lineage
Catopuma

Catopuma badia(Bay cat)

Catopuma temminckii(Asian golden cat)

Pardofelis

Pardofelis marmorata(Marbled cat)

†Pratifelis

†Pratifelis martini

†Leptofelis

†Leptofelis vallesiensis

sensu stricto

Pantherinae

†Miopanthera

†Miopanthera pamiri

sensu lato

See also

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References

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  1. ^Wozencraft, W. C.(2005)."Felinae".InWilson, D. E.;Reeder, D. M. (eds.).Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532–545.ISBN978-0-8018-8221-0.OCLC62265494.
  2. ^abcKitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O’Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017)."A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group"(PDF).Cat News.Special Issue 11: 11−63.
  3. ^Werdelin, L.; Yamaguchi, N.; Johnson, W. E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2010)."Phylogeny and evolution of cats (Felidae)".In Macdonald, D. W.; Loveridge, A. J. (eds.).Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids.Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 59–82.ISBN978-0-19-923445-5.
  4. ^Werdelin, L. (2013)."Subfamily Felinae − Cats".In Kingdon, J.; Happold, D.; Butynski, T.; Hoffmann, M.; Happold, M.; Kalina, J. (eds.).Mammals of Africa.Vol. 5. London, UK: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 144–210.ISBN978-1-4081-2251-8.
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  55. ^Wozencraft, W. C.(2005)."Order Carnivora".InWilson, D. E.;Reeder, D. M. (eds.).Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532–628.ISBN978-0-8018-8221-0.OCLC62265494.
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