Firefly(TV series)

Fireflyis an Americanspace Westerndramatelevision series, created by writer and directorJoss Whedon,under hisMutant Enemy Productionslabel. Whedon served as anexecutive producer,along withTim Minear.The series is set in the year 2517, after the arrival of humans in a new star system, and follows the adventures of the renegade crew ofSerenity,a "Firefly-class "spaceship.Theensemble castportrays the nine characters living aboardSerenity.Whedon pitched the show as "nine people looking into the blackness of space and seeing nine different things."

Firefly
Genre	Space Western Drama
Created by	Joss Whedon
Starring	Nathan Fillion Gina Torres Alan Tudyk Morena Baccarin Adam Baldwin Jewel Staite Sean Maher Summer Glau Ron Glass
Theme music composer	Joss Whedon
Opening theme	"The Ballad of Serenity" performed bySonny Rhodes
Composer	Greg Edmonson
Country of origin	United States
Original language	English
No.of seasons	1
No.of episodes	14
Production
Executive producers	Joss Whedon Tim Minear
Producer	Ben Edlund
Cinematography	David Boyd
Editor	Lisa Lassek
Camera setup	Single-camera
Running time	43–45 minutes
Production companies	Mutant Enemy Productions 20th Century Fox Television
Original release
Network	Fox
Release	September 20(2002-09-20)– December 20, 2002(2002-12-20)
Related
Serenity(film) Serenity(comics)

The show explores the lives of a group of people, some of whom fought on the losing side of acivil war,who make a living on the fringes of society as part of their star system'spioneerculture. The two surviving superpowers, the United States and China, united to form the central federal government, called theAlliance.According to Whedon's vision, "Nothing will change in the future: Technology will advance, but we will still have the same political, moral, and ethical problems as today."

Fireflypremiered in the United States on theFoxnetwork on September 20, 2002. By mid-December, it had averaged 4.7 million viewers per episode and was 98th inNielsen ratings.It wascanceledafter 11 of the 14 produced episodes were aired. Despite its short run, it received strong sales when it was released onDVDand has large fan support campaigns.It won aPrimetime Emmy Awardin 2003 forOutstanding Special Visual Effects for a Series.TV Guideranked it No. 5 on their 2013 list of 60 "shows that were canceled too soon".

The show's post-airing success led Whedon andUniversal Picturesto produceSerenity,a 2005 film that continues the story from the series.TheFireflyfranchiseexpanded into other media, includingcomicsand twotabletop role-playing games.

Premise

Backstory

The series takes place in the year 2517, on a variety of planets with numerous habitable moons. The TV series does not reveal whether these celestial bodies are within one star system, only saying thatSerenity's mode of propulsion through space is a "gravity-drive". Each episode begins with either Book or Captain Reynolds providing the backstory. Book's narration runs as follows:

After the Earth was used up, we found a new solar system, and hundreds of new Earths were terraformed and colonized. The central planets formed the Alliance and decided all the planets had to join under their rule. There was some disagreement on that point. After the war, many of the Independents who had fought and lost drifted to the edges of the system, far from Alliance control. Out here, people struggle to get by with the most basic technologies. A ship would bring you work. A gun would help you keep it. A captain's goal was simple: Find a crew. Find a job. Keep flying.

— Derrial Book, introductory narrative for the show

The filmSerenityreveals that the planets and moons are in an extensive system, and production documents related to the film indicate that there is nofaster-than-lighttravel in thisuniverse.The characters occasionally refer to "Earth-that-was", and the film establishes that long before the events in the series, a large population had emigrated fromEarthto a newstar systemingeneration ships:"Earth-that-was could no longer sustain our numbers, we were so many." The emigrants established themselves in this new star system, with "dozens of planets and hundreds of moons", and many of these wereterraformed,a process that was only the first step in making a planet habitable. The outlying settlements often did not receive support in the construction of their civilizations. This resulted in many border planets and moons having forbidding, dry environments, well-suited to the Western genre.

Synopsis

The show takes its name from the "Firefly-class "spaceshipSerenitythat the central characters call home. TheFirefly-class ships, some 40,000 still in use,is so named for the resemblance to the shape of afirefly,complete with a tail section that lights up during acceleration, analogous to thebioluminescentinsect'sabdomen.TheSerenitywas named for the Battle of Serenity Valley, where Sergeant Malcolm Reynolds and Corporal Zoe Alleyne were among the survivors on the losing side. It is revealed in "Bushwhacked" that the Independents' loss at the Battle of Serenity Valley was widely considered as sealing their fate.

The Alliance governs the star system through an organization of core planets, following its success in forcibly unifying all the colonies under one government.DVD commentarysuggests that the Alliance is composed of two primary systems, one predominantlyWestern,the other pan-Asian, explaining the blended linguistic and visual themes of the series. The central planets are firmly under Alliance control, but the outlying planets and moons resemble theAmerican Old West,under little governmental authority. Settlers and refugees on the outlying worlds have relative freedom from the central government but lack the amenities of high-tech civilization found on inner worlds. The outlying areas of space ( "the black" ) are inhabited by theReavers,acannibalisticgroup of nomadic humans.

The captain ofSerenityisMalcolm "Mal" Reynolds(Nathan Fillion). The episode "Serenity"establishes that the captain and his first mateZoe Washburne,née Alleyne (Gina Torres) are veteran "Browncoats" of the Unification War, a failed attempt by the outlying worlds to resist the Alliance. A later episode, "Out of Gas",reveals that Mal bought the spaceshipSerenityto travel increasingly distant reaches of space, beyond Alliance control. Much of the crew's work consists of cargo runs orsmuggling.In the original pilot, "Serenity",Simon(Sean Maher) joins the crew as a paying passenger, smuggling his sisterRiver Tam(Summer Glau) aboard as cargo. River is a child prodigy whose brain was subjected to Alliance scientists at a secret government institution; she displays symptoms of schizophrenia and often hears voices. It is later revealed that she is a "reader", one who possessestelepathicabilities. Simon gave up a career as an eminent trauma surgeon in an Alliance hospital to rescue her, and they are fugitives. As Whedon states in an episode of a DVD commentary, every show he does is about creating a family.By the last episode, "Objects in Space",the fractured character of River has finally become whole, partly because the others decided to accept her into their" family "on the ship.

Signature show elements

The show blends elements from thespace operaand Western genres in a grounded depiction of humanity's future.Fireflytakes place in a multi-social future, primarily a fusion of Western andEast Asian societies(and in particular those ofmainland China), where there is gross class inequality. As a result of theSino-American Alliance,Mandarin Chineseis a common second language; English-speaking characters in the show frequently curse in Mandarin.

The show features slang not used in contemporary culture, such as adaptations of modern words or new words. "Shiny" is frequently used as the real world slang "cool", and "gorram" is used as a mild swear word. Written and spoken Chinese, as well as Old West dialect, are also employed. As one reviewer noted: "The dialogue tended to be a bizarrepuréeof wisecracks, old-timey Western-paperback patois, and snatches of Chinese. "

Tim Minear and Joss Whedon pointed out two scenes that articulated the show's mood clearly:In the original pilot "Serenity" when Mal is eating with chopsticks with a Western tin cup by his plate; and in "The Train Job" pilot when Mal is thrown out of aholographicbar window.The DVD set's "making-of" documentary explains the distinctivefrontispieceof the series (whereinSerenitysoars over a herd of horses) as Whedon's attempt to capture "everything you need to understand about the series in five seconds."

Whedon struggled with Fox over the tone of the show, and especially over the character of Malcolm Reynolds. Fox pressured Whedon to make Mal more "jolly", as they feared he was too dark in the original pilot, epitomized by the moment he suggests he might "space" Simon and River, throwing them out of the airlock. Fox was unhappy that the show portrayed "nobodies" who "get squished by policy" instead of actual policymakers.

Cast

Main article:List ofFirefly(TV series) characters

Main

Fireflymaintained an ensemble cast that portrayed nine crew members and passengers of the ship,Serenity,dealing with criminals and schemers, Alliance security forces, the utterly psychotic and brutal Reavers, and the mysterious men with "hands of blue" —operatives of a secret agency known only as The Blue Sun Corporation. The crew is driven by the need to secure enough income to keep their ship operational while keeping a low profile to avoid their adversaries. Their situation is complicated by the differing motivations of the individuals aboardSerenity;the show's brief run hampered furthercharacterization.

All nine of the main characters appeared in every episode, except "Ariel",from which Book is absent.

• Nathan FillionasMalcolm "Mal" Reynolds—the owner and captain ofSerenityand former Independent sergeant in the Battle of Serenity Valley. Malcolm grew up on a ranch and was raised by his mother and the ranch hands. In the Unification War, he fought as a platoon sergeant in the 57th Overlanders of the Independent Army, the "Browncoats".He is a cunning, capable leader, and a skilled fighter. Mal's primary motivation is a desire for independence. While he is not above petty theft, smuggling, or even killing to maintain his freedom, he is generally honest in his dealings with others, fiercely loyal to his crew, and adheres to a personal code of honor. He is openly antagonistic toward religion as a result of his experiences during the war.
• Gina TorresasZoe Alleyne Washburne—second-in-command onboardSerenity,a loyal wartime friend of Captain Reynolds, and Wash's wife. Her surname during the Unification War was Alleyne.She was born and raised on a shipand served under Mal during the war as a corporal.Described by her husband as a "warrior woman", she is a capable fighter who keeps calm even in the most dangerous situations. She demonstrates an almost unconditional loyalty to Mal. The only exception noted being her marriage to Wash, which the captain claims was against his orders.
• Alan TudykasHoban "Wash" Washburne—Serenity's pilot and Zoe's husband. Deeply in love with his wife, Wash expresses jealousy over his wife's "war buddy" relationship and unconditional support of their captain, most particularly in the episode "War Stories",in which he confronts Mal even as the two of them are being tortured. He joined pilot training just to see the stars, which were invisible from the surface of his polluted homeworld, and he joinedSerenitydespite being highly sought after by other ships. He is light-hearted and tends to make amusing comments, despite the severity of any situation.
• Morena BaccarinasInara Serra—a Companion, which is the 26th century cross between ageisha,and acourtesanormistress;she rents and works out of one ofSerenity's two small shuttles. As a Companion, Inara enjoys high social standing. Her presence confers a degree of legitimacy and social acceptance that the crew ofSerenitywould not have without her on board. Inara displays great dignity, civility, and compassion. There is strong romantic tension between her and Mal, who share many character traits, but each frequently objects to the other's work as "whoring" or "petty theft", respectively. Both refuse to act on their feelings and attempt to keep their relationship professional.
• Adam BaldwinasJayne Cobb—a mercenary who first met Mal on the opposite side of a dispute: Mal, while held at gunpoint by Jayne, offered Jayne his own bunk and a higher cut than his current employer, prompting Jayne to switch sides and shoot his then-partners. In the original pilot, "Serenity", he tells Mal that he did not betray him because "The money wasn't good enough." However, he had previously showed reluctance in betraying the captain to an Alliance agent. In "Ariel", he defends betraying Simon and River by claiming he had not intended to betray Mal. He can be depended on in a fight.Occasional hints of intelligence peek through his oafish façade, giving the impression that he acts dumber than he is.Whedon has stated several times that Jayne will ask the questions that no one else wants to.Even though he is a macho character, he has shown a particularly intense fear ofReavers,more so than the rest of the crew. He sends a significant portion of his income to his mother, again suggesting that there is more to his character than what he presents to the rest of the crew.
• Jewel StaiteasKaywinnet Lee "Kaylee" Frye—the ship's mechanic. In the episode "Out of Gas",Kaylee reveals she's had no formal training, but keepsSerenityrunning with an intuitive gift for the workings of mechanical equipment. Jewel Staite describes Kaylee's character as being wholesome, sweet, and "completely genuine in that sweetness", adding "She loves being on that ship. She loves all of those people. And she is the only one who loves all of them incredibly genuinely."She has a crush on Simon Tam. Kaylee is the heart of the ship; according to creator Joss Whedon, if Kaylee believes something, it is true.
• Sean MaherasSimon Tam—a trauma surgeon of the first caliber (ranked top 3% in his class at a top core-planet institution), who is on the run after breaking his sister River out of a government research facility. The episode "Safe",reveals that he and River had a privileged upbringing with access to the best education. By rescuing River in spite of his father's severe objections, Simon gave up a highly successful future in medicine. His bumbling attempts at a romantic relationship with Kaylee are a recurring subplot throughout the series. At every turn, he unwittingly foils his attempts at romance. His life is defined by caring for his sister.
• Summer GlauasRiver Tam—smuggled onto the ship by her brother. She is a brilliant, compassionate, and intuitivechild prodigy.Experiments and invasive brain surgery at an Alliance secret facility left her delusional, paranoid, and at times violent—though her uncanny ability to seemingly sense things before they happen leaves questions as to where the delusions end and reality begins. The experiments seem to have made her apsychic.The experiments also gave her an innate knack for hand-to-hand combat, and she is capable of killing or incapacitating several opponents with ease. She gets frequent fits of anxiety and experiences post-traumatic flashbacks of her time in the Alliance facility. Her mental instability and uncanny abilities, paired with several erratic and violent acts, are a recurring source of fear and doubt among the crew, especially with Jayne, whom she once slashed with a knife. Jayne frequently requests that River and Simon be taken off the ship.
• Ron GlassasDerrial Book—a Shepherd (equivalent to a pastor). Although presented as a devout Christian,Book has profound, unexplained knowledge about criminal activities, police corruption, and military strategy, tactics, and weapons. In "Safe",he was shown to have sufficient status in the Alliance to receive emergency medical treatment from an Alliance ship. He is also proficient in hand-to-hand combat and the use of firearms. He maintains his objection to violence even during a rescue mission, joining the fight while stating that although the Bible specifically disallows killing, it is" somewhat fuzzier on the subject of kneecaps. "Book is a moral guide for Mal and the rest of the crew, a voice of reason, conscience, and spirituality. He also gets along well with the amoral mercenary Jayne, with the twospottingeach other while working out using abench press.His hidden backstory would have been gradually revealed had the series continued but was instead explored in the 2010 comic bookThe Shepherd's Tale.

Recurring

Despite the series' short run, severalrecurring charactersemerged from the inhabitants of theFireflyuniverse:

• Mark Sheppardas Badger—an establishedsmugglingmiddleman on the planet Persephone. He provided jobs forSerenityon at least two occasions. In the DVD commentary for the episode "Serenity", it was revealed that this part was initially written with Whedon himself playing the role. Badger appeared in the original pilot "Serenity" and in "Shindig",with a return in the comic book seriesSerenity: Those Left Behind.
• Michael Fairmanas Adelai Niska—a criminalkingpinwith a reputation for violent reprisals, including severe, prolongedtortureagainst those who fail him or even irritate him. He appeared in "The Train Job" and "War Stories".
• Christina Hendricksas "Saffron" —acon artistwhose real name is unknown. She first appeared in the episode "Our Mrs. Reynolds" as Mal's involuntarily acquired wife. She has a habit of marrying hermarksin the process ofscammingthem. She returns in the episode "Trash",where Mal jokingly addresses her as" YoSaffBridge ", from the three of her aliases known within the show:" Yolanda "," Saffron ", and" Bridget ".
• Jeff Ricketts and Dennis Cockrum as "The Hands of Blue" –two unnamed men wearing suits and blue gloves who pursue River, apparently to return her to the institute from which she escaped, as shown in "The Train Job", "Ariel", and theSerenity: Those Left Behindcomic. They kill anyone, including Alliance personnel, who had contact with her, using a mysterious hand-held device that causes fatal hemorrhaging in anyone at whom it is aimed. River, during anxiety attacks or psychological meltdowns, has repeated the phrase "Two by two/hands of blue" in a way that resembles poetic meter. This suggests that River has had close experience(s) with them.

Episodes

No.	Title	Directed by	Written by	Original release date	Prod. code	U.S. viewers (millions)
1	"Serenity"	Joss Whedon	Joss Whedon	December 20, 2002(2002-12-20)	1AGE79	4.16
CaptainMalcolm "Mal" Reynoldsand his crew aboardSerenityillegally salvage goods from aderelictship. Because the Alliance marked the goods, and an Alliance ship spotted an obsoleteFirefly-class freighter leaving the scene, Mal's fence Badger refuses to handle the goods and Mal has to sell elsewhere. To make extra money, the crew picks up passengers:Shepherd Book,Simon Tamand Lawrence Dobson. En route to the new buyer, Patience, Dobson turns out to be an undercover Alliance agent tracking Simon. Dobson attempts to arrest Simon, but he is taken prisoner. Simon reveals that his genius sisterRiver Tam,hidden in his luggage, was experimented on by the Alliance and that he is trying to smuggle her to safety. Patience tries to rob Mal, but he takes the payment after a shootout. Lawrence escapes and holds River hostage, but Mal shoots him and offers Simon and River haven aboardSerenity.
2	"The Train Job"	Joss Whedon	Joss Whedon &Tim Minear	September 20, 2002(2002-09-20)	1AGE01	6.20
Crime lord Adelai Niska hires the crew to rob a train of unspecified goods. The crew can transfer the goods toSerenityflying above, but Mal andZoe Washburneare forced to stay behind on the train. They learn that they have stolen medicine desperately needed by the locals. The crew argues whether they should deliver the goods to Niska. Ultimately, they decide to rescue Mal and Zoe first through subterfuge. Mal decides to return the medicine. However, Niska's thugs track them down. After killing some of them and capturing the rest, Mal and Zoe take medicine to those in need of it and refund Niska's money.
3	"Bushwhacked"	Tim Minear	Tim Minear	September 27, 2002(2002-09-27)	1AGE02	5.47
The crew discovers a derelict ship that was attacked byReaversand take aboard the sole survivor. Shortly after, an Alliance cruiser ordersSerenityto dock to it. Simon and River hide to avoid capture. The rest of the crew are interrogated. Refusing to believe in the existence of Reavers, the Alliance's Commander Harken decides that the crew will be charged with attacking the ship and murdering its settler passengers. However, the survivor kills some of the Alliance crew and escapes back toSerenity.Mal convinces Harken to let him help find the survivor. Mal kills the survivor, saving Harken's life in the process, and the crew is released.
4	"Shindig"	Vern Gillum	Jane Espenson	November 1, 2002(2002-11-01)	1AGE03	4.28
Inara Serrais hired by Atherton Wing, one of her regular clients, and accompanies him to a formal dance. Badger hires Mal to meet a contact at the same dance and try to set up a smuggling job. When Mal hits Atherton for the way he treats Inara, Mal finds he has unknowingly challenged Atherton to a duel with swords. Atherton is a skilled swordsman and duelist. Inara tries to teach Mal how to use a sword overnight. Despite all expectations, Mal wins the duel. The contact, who personally dislikes Atherton, agrees to hire the crew to smuggle cattle to the Rim.
5	"Safe"	Michael Grossman	Drew Z. Greenberg	November 8, 2002(2002-11-08)	1AGE04	4.68
The crew delivers cattle to the Rim, but Book is gravely injured when they are stuck in the middle of a shootout. At the same time, Simon and River Tam are kidnapped by locals while sightseeing in town. Mal chooses to leave the Tams behind to seek help for Book. Desperate, they turn to an Alliance ship. At first hostile, the Alliance officer they speak to provides medical aid after seeing Book's ID. Meanwhile, the kidnappers belong to a community in desperate need of an actual doctor, and Simon tentatively hopes he has found a haven for himself and River. However, the religious residents believe River is a witch and attempt toburn her at the stake.Serenityreturns just in time to rescue the siblings. When Simon asks Mal why he came back, the captain tells Simon that he and River are part of the crew.
6	"Our Mrs. Reynolds"	Vondie Curtis Hall	Joss Whedon	October 4, 2002(2002-10-04)	1AGE05	4.87
After completing a job for a small settlement, during the ensuing celebration, Mal learns that he inadvertently married a young woman calledSaffron,part of the payment. Although Mal insists they are not married, Saffron is determined to fulfill a subservient wife's role. Saffron is not what she appears to be. She later knocks Mal out, locks the ship into a course for murderous ship scrappers, and flees in a shuttle. The crew barely escapes.
7	"Jaynestown"	Marita Grabiak	Ben Edlund	October 18, 2002(2002-10-18)	1AGE06	4.30
The crew lands on a planet to meet a contact. Although Jayne Cobb insists he is wanted there, they are dumbfounded to learn that the locals revere him as a folk hero. Mal attempts to use Jayne's status as a distraction to move smuggled goods across town. However, Magistrate Higgins releases Jayne's former accomplice Stitch Hessian, whom Jayne abandoned years ago during a botched robbery and now seeks revenge. Stitch publicly confronts Jayne, revealing what the townspeople believe happened to be false. Stitch shoots, but a villager jumps in front of Jayne and dies. Jayne kills Stitch and urges the townspeople to stop viewing him as a hero.Serenityis "land-locked" by Higgins' order to try to capture Jayne. Higgins' 26-year-old son Fess, encouraged by Inara to stand up for himself after losing his virginity to her, as paid for by Magistrate Higgins, orders the unlocking of the ship, andSerenitydeparts.
8	"Out of Gas"	David Solomon	Tim Minear	October 25, 2002(2002-10-25)	1AGE07	4.38
An explosion in the engine room leavesSerenitywith the engine and the life support system and its backup all out of commission. With only a few hours of oxygen left, Mal has the crew leave in the two shuttles while he remains aboard and hopes to contact a passing ship. In a series of flashbacks, Mal convinces Zoe, Jayne, Inara,Hoban Washburne,andKaylee Fryeto join his crew. In the present, Mal can hail a ship and secure the part needed to fix the engine, though he is shot by another crew when they prove to have less than pure motives. Mal's crew returns toSerenityin time to save his life.
9	"Ariel"	Allan Kroeker	Jose Molina	November 15, 2002(2002-11-15)	1AGE08	4.49
While waiting on the Core planet Ariel, Simon hires the crew to help him smuggle River into a local hospital for a thorough diagnostic. In return, he will tell them how to loot the hospital for valuable medicine. Once inside, Jayne attempts to turn in Simon and River for the reward. However, the Alliance officer arrests Jayne as well to keep the bounty for himself. The crew escapes, but Mal realizes that Jayne betrayed Simon and River. Mal arranges for Jayne to suffocate whenSerenityleaves the planet's atmosphere, but then lets him live when he shows remorse.
10	"War Stories"	James Contner	Cheryl Cain	December 6, 2002(2002-12-06)	1AGE09	3.85
Angry that Zoe and Mal have an unshakeable bond as war veterans, her husband Wash demands to take her place on a seemingly routine mission. Mal begrudgingly allows Wash to go along. They are captured by Niska, out to restore his reputation after they failed to complete the robbery he commissioned in "The Train Job". Zoe has only enough money to ransom one of them. She unhesitatingly chooses Wash. The crew band together to rescue Mal.
11	"Trash"	Vern Gillum	Ben Edlund & Jose Molina	July 21, 2003(2003-07-21)(UK)	1AGE12	N/A
When Saffron crosses paths with Mal again, she asks him to help her rob a precious antique weapon from a wealthy man. Once Mal and Saffron are inside, they are discovered, and it is revealed that the man is married to Saffron. Although the man seems initially oblivious, he is aware of Saffron's true nature and called the authorities. Mal and Saffron escape, but Saffron betrays Mal, stranding him naked in the desert, and tries to pick up the weapon. However, Inara gets there first. She leaves Saffron locked up in a storage container for the authorities, and the crew escapes with the weapon.
12	"The Message"	Tim Minear	Joss Whedon & Tim Minear	July 28, 2003(2003-07-28)(UK)	1AGE13	N/A
Mal and Zoe receive in the mail the body of Tracey, a comrade-in-arms who fought with them at the Battle of Du-Khang, and they attempt to honor his recorded wish to be returned home. However, a corrupt Alliance officer demands they turn over the body and the goods the soldier was smuggling. While searching the body for clues, they learn that Tracey is still alive and is smuggling organs. Tracey had double-crossed his employers, but they killed his new buyer. Mal is ultimately forced to kill him to protect the crew, and Book blackmails the officer into leaving. Mal and Zoe take Tracey's body home to his family.
13	"Heart of Gold"	Thomas J. Wright	Brett Matthews	August 4, 2003(2003-08-04)(UK)	1AGE10	N/A
Nandi, an old friend of Inara's and a former Companion, runs an unlicensedbordelloon a barren planet. The bordello is frequently patronized by Rance Burgess, a tyrannical ruler who keeps the community excessively poor so that he can govern it as acowboy.Burgess, whose wife isinfertile,believes a pregnant prostitute named Petaline is carrying his child. With Burgess promising to take the child once it is born, Nandi contacts Inara and asks her if theSerenitycrew can help defend her establishment. Mal agrees, but upon arrival realizes that Burgess'cavalryis too powerful to fight and advises Nandi and her working girls to leave the planet immediately. Nandi refuses to lose her establishment to Burgess, and her resolve impresses Mal enough to encourage the crew to stay and fight Burgess. Nandi and Mal sleep together, and Petaline's child is born. Although Inara is outwardly pleased that Mal has put his intimacy issues aside, secretly she is heartbroken that her attraction is unrequited. With the help from the crew, Burgess's forces are defeated, and Petaline kills Burgess, but Nandi is killed in battle. Later, Inara confesses to Mal that she wants to leaveSerenity.
14	"Objects in Space"	Joss Whedon	Joss Whedon	December 13, 2002(2002-12-13)	1AGE11	4.08
River telepathically hears the crewmembers' innermost feelings. When she picks up a gun inSerenity'scargo bay (which she perceives as a tree branch), the others discuss if she's too dangerous to be kept aboard.Bounty hunterJubal Early sneaks aboard the ship, intent on claiming the bounty set for River and Simon. Early incapacitates the crew and forces Simon to help him locate River, who has seemingly vanished. While searching the ship, Early recitesexistential philosophy,claiming to not be evil, simply incentivized to do what is necessary. River's voice appears on thePA system,claiming that River melted and fused withSerenity.Early is disbelieving, but the voice is omniscient, knowing extensive details of Early's delinquent behaviour. The voice muses that Early enjoys violence and is not merely incentivized to be violent. Secretly, the voice individually mobilizes the crew in a plot to force Early off the ship. Early realizes River has snuck aboard his own spacecraft. River tells him she will go willingly. Heading back to his craft to join her, Early is ambushed by Mal, who pushes him away into space – carrying out River's plan. River is embraced by the crew. Early floats alone in space.

Production

Origin

Whedon developed the concept for the show after readingThe Killer AngelsbyMichael Shaarachronicling theBattle of Gettysburgduring theAmerican Civil War.He wanted to follow people who had fought on the losing side of a war, their experiences afterward aspioneersand immigrants on the outskirts of civilization, much like the post-American Civil War era ofReconstructionand theAmerican Old West.He intended the show to be "aStagecoachkind of drama with a lot of people trying to figure out their lives in a bleak pioneer environment ".Whedon wanted to develop a show about the tactile nature of life, a show where existence was more physical and more difficult.Whedon also read a book aboutJewish partisanfighters inWorld War II.Whedon wanted to create something for television that was more character-driven and gritty than most modern science fiction. Television science fiction, he felt, had become too pristine and rarefied.Whedon wanted to give the show a name that indicated movement and power and felt that "Firefly" had both. This powerful word's relatively insignificant meaning, Whedon felt, added to its allure. He eventually created a ship in the image of a firefly.

Format

During the pilot episode filming, Whedon was still arguing with Fox that the show should be displayed inwidescreen format.Whedon filmed scenes with actors on the edge of both sides so that they could only be shown in widescreen.This led to a few scenes on the DVD (and later Blu-ray) where objects or setups that were not visible in the original 4:3 broadcasts were displayed—such as the scene in the pilot where Wash mimes controlling the ship with a non-existentyoke.The Fox executives rejected the pilot, who felt that it lacked action and that the captain was too "dour".They also disliked a scene in which the crew backed down to a crime Boss since the scene implied the crew was "being nothing".Fox told Whedon on a Friday afternoon that he had to submit a new pilot script on Monday morning or the show would not be picked up.Whedon and Tim Minear closeted themselves for the weekend to write what became the new pilot, "The Train Job".At the direction of Fox, they added "larger than life" characters such as the henchman "Crow" and the "hands of blue" men, who also introduced anX-Files-type ending.

For the new pilot, Fox made it clear that they would not air the episodes in widescreen. Whedon and company felt they had to "serve two masters" by filming widescreen for eventual DVD release but keeping objects in-frame so it could still work when aired inpan and scanfull frame.To obtain an immersive and immediate feel, the episodes were filmed in a documentary style with hand-held cameras, giving them the look of "found footage",with deliberately mis-framed and out-of-focus subjects.As Whedon related: "don't be arch, don't be sweeping—be found, be rough and tumble and docu[mentary] and you-are-there".Computer-generatedscenes mimicked the motion of a hand-held camera; the style was not used when shooting scenes that involved the central government, the Alliance.Trackingandsteady cameraswere used to show the sterility of this aspect of theFireflyuniverse.Another style employed waslens flaresharking back to 1970s television. The need for this particular style resulted in the director of photography (David Boyd) favoring cheaper lenses over cutting-edge equipment.Fireflyportrays space as silent, as sounds cannot be transmitted in the vacuum of space.

Set design

The spacecraftSerenitywas digitally rendered by special effects houseZoic Studios.The shape was inspired by the shape of thefireflyinsect, and its tail section lights up in imitation of it.

Production designerCarey Meyer built the shipSerenityin two parts (one for each level) as a complete set with ceilings and practical lighting installed, as part of the set that the cameras could use along with moveable parts.The two-part set also allowed the second unit to shoot in one section while the actors and first unit worked undisturbed in the other. As Whedon recalled: "you could pull it away or move something huge so that you could get in and around everything. That meant the environment worked for us and there weren't a lot of adjustments that needed to be made".This design allowed the viewers to feel they were really in a ship.For Whedon, the design of the ship was crucial in defining the known space for the viewer and that there were not "fourteen hundred decks and a holodeck and an all-you-can-eat buffet in the back."He wanted to convey that it was utilitarian and "beat-up but lived-in. Ultimately, it was home."Each room represented a feeling or character, usually conveyed by the paint color.He explains that the colors and mood progress from extremely warm to cooler, as you move from the back of the ship in the engine room, toward the front of the ship to the bridge. Besides evoking a mood associated with the character who spends the most time in each area, the color scheme also alludes to the heat generated in the ship's tail. Whedon was keen on using vertical space; having the crew quarters accessible by ladder was important.The set design allowed the actors to stay in the moment and interact, without having to stop after each shot and set up for the next,helping contribute to the documentary style Whedon aimed for.

The set had several influences, including the sliding doors and tiny cubicles reminiscent of Japanese hotels.ArtistLarry Dixonhas noted that the cargo bay walls are "reminiscent of interlaced, overlapping Asian designs, cleverly reminding us of the American-Chinese Alliance setting while artistically forming a patterned plane for background scale reference."Dixon has also remarked on how the set design contributed to the storytelling through the use of color, depth, composition, lighting, as well as its use of diagonals and patterned shadows.

Their small budget was another reason to use the ship for much of the storytelling. When the characters did leave the ship, the worlds all had Earth atmosphere and coloring because the production team could not afford to design alien worlds. "I didn't want to go toYucca Flatsevery other episode and transform it intoBizarro Worldby making the sky orange ", recalled Whedon.As Meyer recalled: "I think in the end the feel was that we wound up using a lot of places or exteriors that just felt too Western and we didn't necessarily want to go that way; but at some point, it just became the lesser of two evils—what could we actually create in three days?"

Music

Firefly
Soundtrack albumby Greg Edmonson,Joss Whedon
Released	November 8, 2005(2005-11-08)
Genre	Classical,Country
Length	60:15
Label	Varèse Sarabande

Professional ratings

Review scores
Source	Rating
AllMusic	/
SoundtrackNet

Greg Edmonsoncomposed the musical score for the series. He stated that he wrote for the emotion of the moment. A reviewer stated that he also wrote for the characters: "Edmonson has developed a specialized collection of musical symbolism for the series."To help illustrate the collection, the reviewer gaveleitmotifs,or "signatures", various names, noting that "Serenity" recalls the theme of the show and is used when they return to the ship, or when they were meeting in secret; it was "the sound of their home". The slide guitar and fiddle used in this piece are portable instruments that fit the lifestyle of the crew: "the music they make calls up tunes played out in the open, by people who were hundreds of miles away yesterday. 'Serenity' conjures the nomadic lifestyle the crew leads and underlines the western aspect of the show."Another emotional signature was "Sad Violin" used at the end of the Battle of Serenity Valley but also to set up the joke when Mal tells Simon that Kaylee is dead in the episode "Serenity".The most memorable use of" Sad Violin "is at the end of"The Message",when the crew mourned the death ofTracey.This was also the last scene of the last episode the actors shot, and so this was seen by them and Edmonson, asFirefly'sfarewell. To denote danger, "Peril" was used, which is "a low pulse, like a heartbeat, with deep chimes and low strings".The reviewer also noted character signatures. The criminalNiskahas a signature: Eastern European or Middle Eastern melodies over a low drone. Simon and River's signature was a piano played sparsely with a violin in the background. This contrasts with the portable instruments of "Serenity": the piano is an instrument that cannot be easily moved and evokes the image of "the distant house and family they both long for." The signatures were mostly established in the first pilot, "Serenity", and helped enhance the narrative.

In every episode, the musical score intensified my experience of this intelligent, remarkable show. Using and combining all these signatures, Greg Edmonson brought out aspects ofFirefly'sstory and characters that were never explicitly revealed in the other elements of the series.

Whedon's use of music in his television shows has been regarded as "filmic", as during pivotal moments the music reminds viewers of earlier events, resulting in a tighter continuity throughout the season.

The musical score expressed the social fusion depicted in the show.Cowboy guitarblended with Asian influence produced the atmospheric background for the series. As one reviewer stated:

Old music from the future—the music of roaring campfires and racous [sic] cowboys mixed with the warm, pensive sounds of Asian culture and, occasionally, a cold imperial trumpet, heralding the ominous structural presence of a domineering government. Completely thrilling.
—Steve Townsley

The show's theme song, "The Ballad of Serenity", was written by Joss Whedon and performed bySonny Rhodes.Whedon wrote the song before the series was greenlit, and a preliminary recording performed by Whedon can be found on the DVD release. The soundtrack to the series was released on CD on November 8, 2005, byVarèse Sarabande.Fox Music released a 40-minute soundtrack in September 2005 as a digital EP."The Ballad of Serenity" was used by NASA as the wake-up song for astronautRobert L. Behnkenand the other crewmembers ofSTS-130on February 12, 2010.

Track listing (tracks 1–17 appear in both the digital and CD releases)

No.	Title	Length
1.	"Firefly — Main Title"	0:52
2.	"Big Bar Fight" (from "The Train Job")	1:56
3.	"Heart of Gold Montage" (from "Heart of Gold")	2:10
4.	"Whitefall/Book" (from "Serenity","The Message")	2:20
5.	"Early Takes Serenity" (from "Objects in Space")	2:36
6.	"The Funeral" (from "The Message" )	2:36
7.	"River's Perception/Saffron" (from "Objects in Space", "Our Mrs. Reynolds")	2:14
8.	"Mal Fights Niska/Back Home" (from "War Stories","Shindig")	1:54
9.	"River Tricks Early" (from "Objects in Space" )	3:30
10.	"River Understands Simon" (from "Safe")	2:04
11.	"Leaving/Caper/Spaceball" (from "Trash","Objects in Space ","Bushwhacked")	2:39
12.	"River's Afraid/Niska/Torture" (from "Ariel","The Train Job "," War Stories ")	3:21
13.	"In My Bunk/Jayne's Statue/Boom" (from "War Stories", "Jaynestown","Bushwhacked ")	2:28
14.	"Inara's Suite" (from "The Train Job", "Serenity", "War Stories" )	3:29
15.	"Out of Gas/Empty Derelict" (from "Out of Gas","Bushwhacked ")	1:50
16.	"Book's Hair/Ready for Battle" (from "Jaynestown", "Heart of Gold" )	1:59
17.	"Tears/River's Eyes" (from "Serenity", "Objects in Space" )	1:59
18.	"Cows/New Dress/My Crew" (from "Safe", "Shindig" )	2:11
19.	"Boarding the Serenity/Derelict" (from "War Stories", "Bushwhacked" )	2:02
20.	"Burgess Kills/Captain & Ship" (from "Heart of Gold", "Out of Gas" )	3:26
21.	"Saved/Isn't Home?/Reavers" (from "Out of Gas", "The Train Job", "Serenity" )	2:55
22.	"Reavers Chase Serenity" (from "Serenity" )	3:22
23.	"River's Dance" (from "Safe" )	1:50
24.	"Inside the Tam House" (from "Safe" )	2:22
25.	"Dying Ship/Naked Mal" (from "Out of Gas", "Trash" )	2:10

Casting

(From left to right, top to bottom)Ron Glass,Summer Glau,Alan Tudyk,Sean Maher,Adam Baldwin,Jewel Staite,Morena Baccarin,andNathan Fillion:eight of the nine main actors in 2005 (not pictured:Gina Torres)

The series was picked up in December 2001, and casting started in January 2002.In casting his nine-member crew, Whedon looked first at the actors and considered their chemistry with others. Cast member Sean Maher recalls, "So then he just sort of put us all together, and I think it was very quick like right out of the gate, we all instantly bonded."All nine cast members were chosen before filming began; while making the original pilot "Serenity", Whedon decided thatRebecca Gayheartwas unsuitable for the role ofInara Serra,and shot her scenes in singles so that it would be easier to replace her.Morena Baccarinauditioned for the role and two days later was on the set in her first television show. "Joss brought me down from the testing room like a proud dad, holding my hand and introducing me", Baccarin recalled.

Whedon approachedNathan Fillionto play the lead role ofMalcolm Reynolds;after Whedon explained the premise and showed him the treatment for the pilot, Fillion was eager for the role.Fillion was called back several times to read for the part before he was cast. He noted that "it was really thrilling. It was my first lead, and I was pretty nervous, but I really wanted that part, and I wanted to tell those stories."Fillion later said he was "heartbroken" when he learned the series had been canceled. Fillion has called his time onFireflythe best acting job he ever had,and compares every job he has had to it.

Alan Tudykapplied through a casting office and several months later was called in for an audition, where he met with Whedon. He was called back to test with two candidates for the role of Zoe (Wash's wife) and was told that it was down to him and one other candidate. The Zoes he tested with were not selected (Gina Torres eventually received the role), and Tudyk was sent home but received a call informing him he had the part anyway.His audition tape is included in the special features of the DVD release.

Gina Torres,a veteran of several science fiction/fantasy works (Cleopatra 2525,The Matrix Reloaded,Alias,Hercules: The Legendary Journeys), was at first uninterested in doing another science fiction show but "was won over by the quality of the source material".As she recalled, "you had these challenged characters inhabiting a challenging world, and that makes for great storytelling. And no aliens!"

ForAdam Baldwin,who grew up watching westerns, the role ofJayne Cobbwas particularly resonant.

Canadian actressJewel Staitevideotaped her audition fromVancouverand was asked to come toLos Angelesto meet Whedon, at which point she was cast for the role ofKaylee Frye,the ship's engineer.She was asked to put on weight for the role.

Sean Maherrecalls reading for the part and liking the character ofSimon Tam,but that it was Whedon's personality and vision that "sealed the deal" for him.Neil Patrick Harrisalso read for the part of Simon.

For the role of Simon's sister,River Tam,Whedon called inSummer Glaufor an audition and test the same day. Glau had first worked for Whedon in theAngelepisode "Waiting in the Wings".Two weeks later, Whedon called her to tell her she had the part.

Veteran television actorRon Glasshas said that untilFirefly,he had not experienced or sought a science-fiction or western role. Still, he fell in love with the pilot script and the character ofShepherd Book.

Production staff

Whedon selected Tim Minear to be theshow runner,who serves as the head writer and production leader. According to Whedon, "[Minear] understood the show as well as any human being, and just brought so much to it that I think of it as though he were always a part of it."Many of the other production staff were people Whedon had worked with in the past, except the director of photography David Boyd, who was the "big find" and who was "full of joy and energy".

The writers were selected after interviews and script samplings. Among the writers wereJosé Molina,Ben Edlund,Cheryl Cain,Brett Matthews,Drew Z. GreenbergandJane Espenson.Espenson wrote an essay on the writing process with Mutant Enemy Productions.A meeting is held and an idea is floated, generally by Whedon, and the writers brainstorm to develop the central theme of the episode and the character development. Next, the writers (except the one working on the previous week's episode) meet in the anteroom to Whedon's office to begin breaking the story into acts and scenes. One of the key components to devising acts for the team is deciding where to break for commercial and ensuring the viewer returns. "Finding these moments in the story help give it shape: think of them as tentpoles that support the structure." For instance, in "Shindig",the break for commercial occurs when Malcolm Reynolds is gravely injured and losing the duel." It does not end when Mal turns the fight around when he stands victorious over his opponent. They're both big moments, but one of them leaves you curious, and the other doesn't. "

Next, the writers develop the scenes onto a marker-filled whiteboard, featuring "a brief ordered description of each scene". A writer is selected to create an outline of the episode's concept—occasionally with some dialogue and jokes—in one day. The outline is given to showrunner Tim Minear, who revises it within a day. The writer uses the revised outline to write the first draft of the script while the other writers develop the next. This first draft is usually submitted for revision within three to fourteen days; afterward, a second and sometimes third draft is written. After all modifications are made, the final draft would be produced as the "shooting draft".

Costume

Jill Ohanneson,Firefly's original costume designer, brought onShawna Trpcicas her assistant for the pilot. When the show was picked up, Ohanneson was involved in another job and declinedFirefly,suggesting Trpcic for the job.

The costumes were chiefly influenced byWorld War II,theAmerican Civil War,the AmericanOld West,and 1861samuraiJapan. Trpcic used deep reds and oranges for the main cast to express a feeling of "home" and contrasted that with grays and cool blues for the Alliance.Since the characters were often getting shot, Trpcic would make up to six versions of the same costume for multiple takes.

• For River, mostly jewel tones were used to set her apart from the rest of theSerenitycrew. River had boots to contrast with the soft fabrics of her clothes, "because that's who she is—she's this soft, beautiful, sensitive girl, but with this hardcore inner character", recalled Trpcic.
• The designers also wanted to contrast Simon, River's brother, with the rest of the crew. Whereas they were dressed in cotton, Simon wore wool, stiff fabrics, satins, and silk. He was originally the "dandy", but as the show progressed, he loosened up slightly.
• For Kaylee, Trpcic studied Japanese and Chinese youth, as originally the character was Asian. Other inspirations for Kaylee's costumes wereRosie the Riveterand Chinese Communist posters.
• Inara's costumes reflect her high status and are very feminine and attractive.
• Trpcic designed and created the clothes for the minor character of Badger with Joss Whedon in mind since he intended to play that part. WhenMark Sheppardplayed the role instead, he could fit into the clothes made for Whedon.
• For the Alliance, besides the grays and cool blues, Trpcic had in mindNazi Germany,but mixed it with different wars, as the first sketches were "too Nazi".The uniforms of the Alliance soldiers are from the 1997 filmStarship Troopers.
• In the commentary for the pilot episode, Whedon points out that "bad guys wear hats, good guys don't."

Unproduced episodes

Since the cancellation of the series, various cast and crew members have revealed details they had planned for the show's future:

• Alan Tudyk had the idea for an episode about aplanet that is always day on one side and night on the other.On the night side, Jayne accidentally spills a type of pheromone on himself and the crew, which attracts many dogs. The crew is chased back to the ship by these dogs. There River uses her mind powers to domesticate the dogs.
• Adam Baldwin wanted to make an episode in which Jayne goes up against Mal as captain of his ship.
• Tim Minear revealed the secret of Inara's syringe, as seen in thepilot episode;she is infected with a deadly disease. There would have been an episode where Reavers gang-rape her. Because she injected herself with the syringe, all of the Reavers on the ship die.
• According to Nathan Fillion, there was an episode in which the crew land on a dying planet. The inhabitants try to stealSerenityafter explaining to the crew about their need to get off the planet. The problem is that unless they were to run into another ship along the way, with the extra passengers,Serenitywould not have enough fuel and oxygen to make it to the closest destination. While everyone else is asleep, Mal takes the ship himself and discovers that help would never have arrived.

Broadcast history

Fireflyconsists of a two-hour pilot and thirteen one-hour episodes (with commercials). The series originally premiered in the United States on Fox in September 2002 onFriday nights.Three episodes, including the original pilot, were aired out of the production order. Although Whedon had designed the show to run for seven years,low ratings resulted in cancellation by Fox in December 2002 after only 11 of the 14 completed episodes aired in the United States.The three episodes unaired by Fox eventually debuted in 2003 on theSci Fi Channelin the United Kingdom.Prior to cancellation, some fans, worried about low ratings, formed the onlineFireflyImmediate Assistance campaign whose goal was to support the production of the show by sending in postcards to Fox. After it was canceled, the campaign worked on getting another network such asUPNto pick up the series.The campaign was unsuccessful in securing the show's continuation.

The A.V. Clubcited several actions by the Fox network that contributed to the show's failure, most notably airing the episodes out of sequence, making the plot more difficult to follow.The double episode "Serenity" was intended as thepremiere,and therefore contained most of the character introductions andback-story.Fox decided that "Serenity" was unsuitable for opening the series, and "The Train Job" was specifically created to act as a new pilot.In addition,Fireflywas promoted as anaction-comedyrather than the more serious character study it was intended to be, and the showbiz trade paperVarietynoted Fox's decision to occasionally preempt the show for sporting events.

Fox remastered the complete series in1080ihigh-definition for broadcast onUniversal HD,which began in April 2008.

On March 12, 2009, the series was the winner of the first annual Hulu awards in the category "Shows We'd Bring Back".

TheScience Channelbegan airing the series on March 6, 2011.All episodes aired in the intended order, including episodes "Trash", "The Message" and "Heart of Gold", which were not aired in the original Fox series run. Along with each episode, Dr.Michio Kakuprovided commentary about the real-life science behind the show's science fiction.

Home media releases

A box set containing the 14 completed episodes (including those which had not yet aired in the United States) was released on region 1DVDon December 9, 2003;region 2 on April 19, 2004; and region 4 on August 2, 2004. The box features the episodes in the original order in which the show's producers had intended them to be broadcast, as well as seven episode commentaries, outtakes, and other features. The DVDs feature the episodes as they were shot in16:9widescreen, withanamorphictransfers andDolby Surroundaudio. By September 2005, its DVD release had sold about 500,000 copies.

The series was re-released onBlu-ray Discon November 11, 2008, comprising three discs; exclusive extras to the Blu-ray release include extra audio commentary from Joss Whedon, Nathan Fillion, Alan Tudyk, and Ron Glass for the episode "Our Mrs. Reynolds"; as well as an additional featurette,"Firefly" Reunion: Lunch with Joss, Nathan, Alan and Ron.On September 19, 2017, the series was reissued on Blu-ray as a15th Anniversary Collection.The set included new packaging that came withcharacter cardsand a fold-outmapof the solar system in which the series is set.

Firefly: The Complete Series
Set details: 14 episodes 4 disc set (3 disc Blu-ray) Features: Anamorphic widescreen (1.78:1 aspect ratio) Dolby Digital 5.1 (DVD) DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1 (Blu-ray) Subtitles vary depending on region		Bonus features: Audio commentary on "Serenity"by writer/directorJoss Whedonand actorNathan Fillion Audio commentary on "The Train Job"by co-writer/director Joss Whedon and co-writerTim Minear Audio commentary on "Shindig"by writerJane Espenson,actressMorena Baccarinand costume designerShawna Trpcic Audio commentary on "Our Mrs. Reynolds"by writer Joss Whedon and actors Nathan Fillion,Alan TudykandRon Glass(Blu-ray exclusive) Audio commentary on "Out of Gas"by writer Tim Minear and directorDavid Solomon Audio commentary on "War Stories"by actors Nathan Fillion and Alan Tudyk Audio commentary on "The Message"by actors Alan Tudyk andJewel Staite Audio commentary on "Objects in Space"by writer/director Joss Whedon Four deleted scenes "Here's How it Was: The Making ofFirefly"featurette "Serenity: The Tenth Character" featurette Joss' Tour of the Set FireflyReunion: Lunch with Joss, Nathan, Alan, and Ron (Blu-ray exclusive) Alan Tudyk's audition Gag Reel Joss Sings theFireflytheme Easter Egg:Adam Baldwinsings "Hero of Canton"
Release dates:	Region 1	Region 2	Region 4
	December 9, 2003 November 11, 2008 (Blu-ray)	April 19, 2004 September 19, 2011 (Blu-ray)	August 2, 2004 December 3, 2008 (Blu-ray)

Reception

Critical response

OnRotten Tomatoes,the series has an approval rating of 77% with an average score of 7.8 out of 10 based on 44 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Fireflyearns its audience's adoration with the help of Nathan Fillion's dry delivery, a detailed fantasy world, and compelling storylines – even if it doesn't stand with creator Joss Whedon's most consistent work. "Metacriticcollected 30 reviews and calculated an average score of 63 out of 100, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Many reviews focused on the show's fusion of Wild West and outer space motifs.TV Guide's Matt Roush, for instance, called the show "oddball" and "offbeat" and noted how the series took the metaphor of space operas as Westerns. Roush opined that the shift from space travel to horseback was "jarring", but that once he got used to this, he found the characters cleverly conceived and the writing a crisp balance of action, tension, and humor.Several reviewers criticized the show's setting; Tim Goodman of theSan Francisco Chroniclefelt that the melding of the western and science fiction genres was a "forced hodgepodge of two alarmingly opposite genres just for the sake of being different" and called the series a "vast disappointment",and Carina Chocano ofSalonsaid that while the "space asWild West"metaphor is fairly redundant, neither genre connected to the present.Emily Nussbaum ofThe New York Times,reviewing the DVD set, noted that the program featured "an oddball genre mix that might have doomed it from the beginning: it was a character-rich sci-fi western comedy-drama with existential underpinnings, a hard sell during a season dominated byJoe Millionaire".

TheBoston GlobedescribedFireflyas a "wonderful, imaginative mess brimming with possibility". The review further notes the difference between the new series and other programs was that those shows "burst onto the scene with slick pilots and quickly deteriorate into mediocrity...Fireflyis on the opposite creative journey. "Jason Snell called the show one of the best on television, and one "with the most potential for future brilliance".

Tim White, writing forThe Objective Standard,focused his review on the show's depiction of heroism. He concludes that "Fireflyis not perfectly accurate in its attempts to depict the essential natures of heroism and villainy, but its successes are much more uplifting than its failures are problematic. It's also consistently funny, skillfully written, and passionately acted. "

Reviewers comparedFireflyto Whedon's other series,Buffy the Vampire Slayer.Chocano noted that the series lacks the psychological tension ofBuffyand suggests that this might be attributable to the episodes being aired out of order.MSN,on the other hand, pointed out that after viewing the DVD boxed set, it was easy to see why the program had attracted many die-hard fans. "All of Whedon's fingerprints are there: the witty dialogue, the quirky premises and dark exploration of human fallacy that madeBuffybrilliant found their way to this space drama ".Reviewers have also drawn comparisons and parallels betweenFireflyand the animemedia mixOutlaw Star.

Princess Weekes fromThe Mary Suestated that she "really enjoyed" the series, but wrote that, "it lacks Chinese actors, so if it's going to be brought back, that's a really easy fix."Writing forSyfy,Alyssa Fikse described the show as a "problematic fave", calling the lack of Asian characters in the show "negligent at best, racist at worst".

Fandom

Example fan artwork produced by Susan Renee Tomb (widely known in the Browncoat community as "11th Hour" ) used asguerrilla marketingto promote sale ofFireflyandSerenityDVDs.

Fireflygenerated a loyal base of fans during its three-month original broadcast run onFoxin late 2002. These fans, self-styled Browncoats, usedonline forumsto organize and try to save the series from being canceled by Fox only three months after its debut. Their efforts included raising money for an ad inVarietymagazine and a postcard writing campaign toUPN.While unsuccessful in finding a network that would continue the show, their support led to a release of the series onDVDin December 2003.A subsequent fan campaign raised over $14,000 in donations to have a purchasedFireflyDVD set placed aboard 250 U.S. Navy ships by April 2004 for recreational viewing by their crews.

These and other continuing fan activities eventually persuaded Universal Studios to produce a feature film,Serenity.(The title ofSerenitywas chosen, according to Whedon, because Fox still owned the rights to the name 'Firefly'). Numerous early screenings of rough film cuts were held for existing fans starting in May 2005 as an attempt to create a buzz to increase ticket sales when the final film cut was released widely on September 30, 2005.The film was not as commercially successful as fans had hoped, opening at number two and making only $40 million worldwide during its initial theatrical release.

On June 23, 2006, fans organized the first worldwide charity screenings ofSerenityin 47 cities, dubbed as Can't Stop the Serenity or CSTS, an homage to the movie's tagline, "Can't stop the signal".The event raised over $65,000for Whedon's favorite charity,Equality Now.In 2007, $106,000 was raised;in 2008, $107,219; and in 2009, $137,331.

In July 2006 afan-madedocumentary,Done the Impossible,was released. The documentary tells the story of the fans and how the show has affected them, and features interviews with Whedon and various cast members.Part of the DVD proceeds are donated toEquality Now.

NASABrowncoatastronautSteven Swansontook theFireflyandSerenityDVDs with him onSpace Shuttle Atlantis'sSTS-117mission in June 2007.The DVDs were added to the media collection on theInternational Space Stationas entertainment for the station's crews.

A fan-made, not-for-profit, unofficial sequel toSerenity,titledBrowncoats: Redemption,premiered atDragon*Con 2010on September 4, 2010. According to the film's creator and producer, Whedon gave "his blessing" to the project. The film was sold on DVD and Blu-ray at the film's website, with all proceeds being distributed among five charities.The film was also screened at various science-fiction conventions across the United States, with admission receipts similarly being donated. All sales ended on September 1, 2011, one year after its premiere, with total revenues exceeding $115,000.

Cult status

In 2005,New Scientistmagazine's website held an internet poll to find "The World's Best Space Sci-Fi Ever".Fireflycame in first place, with its cinematic follow-upSerenityin second.In 2012,Entertainment Weeklylisted the show at No. 11 in the "25 Best Cult TV Shows from the Past 25 Years", commenting, "as it often does, martyrdom has only enhanced its legend."

Brad Wright,co-creator ofStargate SG-1has said that the200thepisode ofSG-1is "a little kiss toSerenityandFirefly,which was possibly one of the best canceled series in history ". In the episode," Martin Lloyd has come to the S.G.C. [Stargate Command] because even though 'Wormhole X-Treme!' was canceled after three episodes, it did so well on DVD they're making a feature [film] ".

The follow-up film,Serenity,was voted the best science fiction movie of all time in anSFXmagazine poll of 3,000 fans.Fireflywas later ranked #25 onTV Guide's Top Cult Shows Ever.The name for the Google beta appGoogle Wavewas inspired by this TV series.

In an interview on February 17, 2011, withEntertainment Weekly,Nathan Fillionjoked that: "If I got $300 million from the California Lottery, the first thing I would do is buy the rights toFirefly,make it on my own, and distribute it on the Internet ".This quickly gave rise to a fan-run initiative to raising the funds to purchase the rights.On March 7, 2011, the organizers announced the closure of the project due to lack of endorsement from the creators, with $1 million pledged at the time it was shut down.

Joss Whedon, Tim Minear, and cast members Nathan Fillion, Alan Tudyk, Summer Glau, Adam Baldwin, and Sean Maher reunited at the 2012San Diego Comic-Confor a 10th-anniversary panel. Ten thousand people lined up to get into the panel, and the panel ended with the crowd giving the cast and crew a standing ovation.

A tenth anniversary special,Browncoats Unite,was shown on theScience Channelon November 11, 2012. The special featured Whedon, Minear, and several of the cast members, in a discussion on the series' history.

According toReason'sJulian Sanchez,Firefly's cult following "seems to include a disproportionate number of libertarians". The story themes are often cautionary about too-powerful central authority and its capacity to do bad while being considered by the majority as good. The characters each exhibit traits that exemplify corelibertarianvalues, such as theright to bear arms(Jayne, Zoe),legal prostitution(Inara),freedom of religion(Book), logic and reasoning (Simon), andanti-conscription(River).Joss Whedon notes this theme, saying "Mal is, if not a Republican, certainly a libertarian, he's certainly a less-government kinda guy. He's the opposite of me in many ways."

Podcasts

The Signalis aFireflyandSerenity-focused podcast developed by fans of the Joss Whedon property. Hosted by Kari Haley and Les Howard,The Signalis afan-drivenpodcast dedicated toJoss Whedon's short-lived TV seriesFirefly(2002) and its filmSerenity(2005). Initially created asguerrilla marketingto promoteSerenity,the podcast features discussions about the franchise'srole-playing game,fan fictionasaudio dramas,and interviews (e.g. withPJ Haarsma,Jane Espenson,andMarc Gunn).Haley and Howard described the podcast's purpose as "[doing] whatever we can to see that more newFireflyis created in any format. "

In early 2006,Mur Laffertydescribed the show as "PG-rated",about an hour long, and publishing an episode every two weeks.That December,The Signalreleased acompilation albumoffilk musicthat had previously featured on the podcast:Songs from the Black;the album featured music by Luke Ski,Lich King,andGreg Edmonson.

In 2006,The Signalreceived aPeople's Choice Podcast Awardin the categories of "TV & Film" and "Best Produced"; it received the former again in 2008.The Signalwas awarded the 2007Parsec Awardfor "Best Fan Podcast",and in the category of "Best Speculative Fiction Fan or News Podcast (Specific)", it won the 2010and 2012 Parsecs.Writing forMaximum Fun,Ian Brill praisedThe Signalas surprisingly professional with well-produced segments, though he unflatteringly compared Haley and Howard to Whedon's characterXander Harris:"They say mildly clever and cutesy things to each other and then sound tremendously satisfied with themselves while saying it."

Awards

Fireflywon the following awards:

• Emmy Award:Outstanding Special Visual Effects for a Series,2003
• Visual Effects Society:Best visual effects in a television series,2003 (episode "Serenity" )
• Saturn Award:Cinescape Genre Face of the Future Award, Male,2003 (Nathan Fillion)
• Saturn Award:Saturn Award for Best DVD Release (television),2004
• SyFy Genre Awards:Best Series/Television,2006
• SyFy Genre Awards:Best Actor/TelevisionNathan Fillion, 2006
• SyFy Genre Awards:Best Supporting Actor/TelevisionAdam Baldwin, 2006
• SyFy Genre Awards:Best Special Guest/TelevisionChristina Hendricks for "Trash", 2006
• SyFy Genre Awards:Best Episode/Television"Trash", 2006

The series was also nominated for the following awards:

• Visual Effects Society:Best compositing in a televised program, music video, or commercial,2003
• Motion Picture Sound Editors, USA, "Golden Reel Award":Best sound editing in television long form:sound effects/foley,2003
• Hugo Award:Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form,2003 (episode "Serenity" )
• Hugo Award:Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form,2004 (episodes "Heart of Gold" and "The Message", which at that time had not been shown on television in the USA)
• Golden Satellite Award:Best DVD Extras,2004

Ratings

At the time the series was canceled by Fox, it averaged 4.7 million viewers and ranked 98th inNielsen ratings.

In popular culture

The cancellation ofFireflyis a running gag in theCBSsitcom,The Big Bang Theory,which ran from 2007 to 2019. The characterSheldon Cooperis a fan of the show. When he andLeonard Hofstadterdiscuss their roommate agreement, they include a passage in which they dedicate Friday nights to watchingFirefly,as Sheldon believes it will last for years (season 3, episode 22). Upon its cancellation, he brandsRupert Murdoch,the owner ofFox,a traitor.During the show's second season, in episode 17 ( "The Terminator Decoupling" ),Summer Glauappears as herself, encountering Sheldon, Leonard, and their friends on a train to San Francisco. When Raj tries to hit on her, he says that although he is an astrophysicist, she was actually in space during the shooting ofFirefly.Glau chides him for believing this, and Raj backtracks, saying, "Those are crazy people!"In season 8, episode 15, Raj and Leonard recognize Nathan Fillion in a café and insist on taking a selfie with him, though he denies being theFireflystar.

On theNBCcomedyCommunity,the charactersTroyandAbedare fans of the show. They have an agreement that if one of them dies, the other will stage it to look like a suicide caused by the cancellation ofFirefly,in the hopes that it will bring the show back.

In the 2003Battlestar Galacticaminiseries/pilot, a ship resemblingSerenityappears in the background of the scene withLaura Roslin(Mary McDonnell).Serenityis one of several spaceships inserted as cameos into digital effects scenes byZoic Studios,the company responsible for digital effects in bothFireflyandBattlestar Galactica.

The television seriesCastle,where Fillion plays the lead characterRichard Castle,has made ongoinghomagestoFirefly.Castle has props fromFireflyas decorative items in his home, has dressed up as a "space cowboy" for Halloween ( "You wore that five years ago", cracked his daughter), speaks Chinese that he learned from "a TV show [he] loved", and has made rapid "two-by-two" finger motions while wearing blue surgical gloves. He has been humorously asked if he has ever heard of a spa known as "Serenity", andFireflycatchphrases such as "shiny", "special hell", and "I was aiming for the head" have been used as punchlines during various dramatic scenes inCastle.He has worked a murder case at a science fiction convention with suspects being the cast of a long-cancelled space opera that only ran for a season, and has had direct and incidental interaction with people portrayed byFireflycast members.

Con Man,a 2015 comedy web series created by Tudyk and co-produced by Fillion, draws on the pair's experiences as cult science fiction actors touring theconventioncircuit.Though it is not autobiographical, the show's fictionalSpectrumechoesFireflyand Tudyk's and Fillion's roles reflect their ownFireflyroles. Staite, Torres, Glau, Maher, and Whedon made guest appearances. Maher played himself as a formerFireflyactor.

Media franchise

Main article:Firefly(franchise)

The popularity of the short-lived series served as the launching point for amedia franchisewithin theFireflyuniverse, including the feature filmSerenity,which addresses many plot points left unresolved by the series' cancellation.

Additionally, there aretwo comic-book mini-series,Serenity: Those Left Behind(3 issues, 104 pages, 2006),Serenity: Better Days(3 issues, 80 pages, 2008) and a one-shot hardcoverSerenity: The Shepherd's Tale(56 pages, 2010), along with the one-shotsSerenity: Downtime and The Other HalfandSerenity: Float Outin which Whedon explored plot strands he had intended to explore further in the series. The comics are set, in plot terms, between the end of the TV series and the opening of the feature film. The two mini-series were later published in collected form as hardcover and paperback graphic novels. A six-issue series titledSerenity: Leaves on the Windbegan in January 2014 and the series takes place after the events of the film.A six-issue series titledSerenity: No Power in the 'Versebegan in October 2016 and the series is set about 1.5 years afterLeaves on the Wind.In July 2018,Boom! Studiosannounced that they had acquired the comic book and graphic novel publishing license toFireflywith plans to release new monthly comic book series, limited series, original graphic novels, and more.

In July 2014, the release of the video gameFirefly Onlinewas announced that planned to have the cast reprise their roles.Although never officially cancelled, there have been no updates about the game's release since March 2016.

In January 2018,Titan Booksannounced that they would begin publishing original canonFireflynovels.Nine books have so far been released.

In January 2020, Fox's entertainment president Michael Thorn said that a revival series had been considered, but decided that sinceThe Orvillewas on the air it would not make sense for the network to have two space franchises at the same time.

Further reading

• Firefly: the official companion, volume one.London: Titan Books. July 2006.ISBN978-1-84576-314-5.
• Firefly: the official companion, volume two.London: Titan Books. April 2007.ISBN978-1-84576-372-5.
• Espenson, Jane; Yeffeth, Glenn (2005).Finding serenity: anti-heroes, lost shepherds, and space hookers in Joss Whedon's Firefly.Dallas, Texas: BenBella Books.ISBN1-932100-43-1.OCLC57493843.
• Whedon, Joss (2005).Serenity: the official visual companion.UK:Titan Books.ISBN1-84576-082-4.
• Firefly—The Complete Series(DVD). 20th Century Fox. December 9, 2003.ASINB0000AQS0F.OCLC54527434.
• Done the Impossible: The Fans' Tale of Firefly & Serenity(DVD). 2006.
• Erisman, Fred (2006). "Stagecoach in Space: The Legacy of Firefly".Extrapolation.47(2):249–258.doi:10.3828/extr.2006.47.2.6.ISSN0014-5483.
• Hill, Matthew B. (2009). ""I Am a Leaf on the Wind": Cultural Trauma and Mobility in Joss Whedon's Firefly ".Extrapolation.50(3):484–511.doi:10.3828/extr.2009.50.3.7.ISSN0014-5483.
• Wilcox, Rhonda; Cochran, Tanya R.; Masson, Cynthea; Lavery, David, eds. (2014).Reading Joss Whedon.Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.ISBN978-0815652830.

External links

• FireflyatIMDb
• Firefly-SerenityChinese Pinyinary—English translations of the Chinese words and phrases used inFireflyandSerenity