Wikipedia

Folsom State Prison

Folsom California State Prisonis aCalifornia State PrisoninFolsom, California,United States, approximately 20 miles (32 km) northeast of the state capital ofSacramento.It is one of 34 adult institutions operated by theCalifornia Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation.[2]

Folsom California State Prison
East Gate, Folsom State Prison, at the end of Prison Road
Map
LocationFolsom, California,U.S.
Coordinates38°41′42″N121°09′45″W/ 38.69500°N 121.16250°W/38.69500; -121.16250
StatusOperational
Security classMedium Security
Capacity2,065
Population2,513 (121.7% capacity) (as of January 31, 2023[1])
OpenedJuly 26, 1880;144 years ago(1880-07-26)
Managed byJoseph Tuggle, Warden (Acting), Folsom State Prison.
Folsom State Prison is located in California
Folsom State Prison
Folsom State Prison
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Location inCalifornia

Opened in 1880, Folsom is the state's second-oldest prison, afterSan Quentin,and the first in the United States to have electricity.[3]Folsom was also one of the firstmaximum security prisons.It has been theexecutionsite of 93 condemned prisoners.[4]

MusicianJohnny Cashput on two live performances at the prison on January 13, 1968. These were recorded and released as a live album titledAt Folsom Prison.[5][6][7]He had written and recorded the song "Folsom Prison Blues"more than a decade earlier.

Facilities

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Both FSP andCalifornia State Prison, Sacramento(SAC) share the mailing address: Represa, CA 95671.[8][9]Represa(translated as "dam"from theSpanish language) is the name given in 1892 to the State Prison post office because of its proximity to a dam on theAmerican Riverthat was under construction at the time. The dam was replaced in 1955 by theFolsom Dam.[10]

The facility includes five housing units within the secure perimeter, including the original two-tiered structure. Unit 1 is the most populous cellblock in the United States, with a capacity of nearly 1,200 inmates on four five-tiered sections.[when?][citation needed]All cells include a toilet, sink, bunks, and storage space for inmate possessions.[citation needed]Prison facilities also include two dining halls, a large central prison exercise yard, and two smaller exercise yards. The visiting room includes an attached patio as well as space for non-contact visits.[citation needed]

As of April 30, 2020, FSP's men's facilities were incarcerating people at 130.4% of design capacity, with 2,694 occupants, and FSP's women's facilities were incarcerating people at 68.5% of design capacity, with 276 occupants.[11]

History

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Folsom Prison museum in 2008

FSP is California's second-oldest prison, long known for its harsh conditions in the decades following theCalifornia Gold Rush.Although FSP now houses primarily medium security prisoners, it was one of America's firstmaximum security prisons.

Construction of the facility began in 1857 on the site of the Stony Bar mining camp along theAmerican River.The prison officially opened in 1880 with a capacity of 1,800 inmates. They spent most of their time in the dark, behind solid boiler plate doors in stone cells measuring 4 by 8 ft (1.2 by 2.4 m) with 6-inch (15 cm) eye slots. Air holes were drilled into the cell doors in the 1940s,[7]and the cell doors are still in use today.

FSP was the first prison in the world to have electric power, which was provided by the first hydroelectric powerhouse in California.[citation needed]

After the state of California took sole control of the death penalty in 1891, executions were held at Folsom andSan Quentin.A total of 93 prisoners werehangedat FSP between December 13, 1895, and December 3, 1937. Subsequent executions were carried out in thegas chamberat San Quentin.[12]Due to an incorrect record, it is often mistaken that there were 92 executions, but there were in fact 93.[4]

The prison's first hanging occurred December 13, 1895 when Chen Hane was "hanged by the neck until dead" at 10:00 am. The public was invited to witness the execution. In 1892 Hane was accused of murdering Lee Gong, even though a witness stated they saw Lee Sam shoot Gong; another said they thought Gong had been shot through a window while sitting at a desk.

FSP industries includemetal fabricationand a print shop, and the quarry at FSP provided granite for the foundation of the state capitol building and much of the gravel used in the early construction of California's roads. California's vehiclelicense plateshave been manufactured at FSP since 1947.[13]

In 1968, Johnny Cash played a concert at the prison. Each attending prisoner lived in his own cell and nearly all were in an education program or learning a trade. Most of the attending prisoners who were released did not return to prison after being released.[14]

Laura SullivanofNational Public Radiosaid that the costs of housing prisoners "barely registered" in the state's budget. In 2009, Folsom was overcrowded, with 4,427 inmates. Around that year most of its prisoners who were released returned to prison after being released.[14]

Cemetery

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Connected to the prison on a hillside above Folsom Dam is the Folsom Prison Burial Ground (or Folsom Prison Cemetery); a burial location for former inmates who died while serving a prison sentence.[15]In 2018, the El Dorado Hills Genealogical Society started the process of researching and trying to determine which unmarked grave stone belonged to whom; the grave stones originally had only numbers and they were updated to have names as well.[15][16]

Inmate programs

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Folsom Prison from north side near the American River, 2011

California Prison Industry Authority (CALPIA)

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California Prison Industry Authority(CALPIA) program includesadministration,aBrailleenterprise, alicense platefactory where the inmates have been making California license plates since before the 1930s, maintenance,metal fabrication,a printing plant, and a sign shop.[17]

Vocational

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The Vocational Inmate Program referred to as Construction and Technical Education (CTE's) include welding, auto mechanics, electronics, electrical works, masonry, building-maintenance, plumbing, carpentry, roofing, Union Ironworkers, Sustainable Ecological Environmental Development (SEEDS), and office services.[citation needed]

Academic

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The Academic Inmate Program includes Adult Basic Education, High School/GED, English as a Second Language, a literacy program, and computer assisted instruction.[citation needed]

Folsom Women's Facility

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In January 2013 the Folsom Women's Facility, was a standalone section for women, opened. The northernmost women's prison in the CDCR, the facility had space for 403 women.[18]As of 2013, 25% of the women were Hispanic. The prison housed low-risk prisoners. Folsom’s Women Facility was closed during the Coronavirus pandemic. The incarcerated women were either sent to other institutions within the state, out of state, or simply released.[19]

Escape attempts

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Folsom was one of the firstmaximum-security prisonsin the United States. Prior to the completion of its granite wall in the 1920s, the prison saw numerous escape attempts; the first occurred shortly after the first inmates arrived in the 1880s. Throughout Folsom's violent and bloody history, numerous riots and escape attempts have resulted in both inmate and staff deaths.

1920 prison train attempt

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In 1920, three convicts hijacked a prison train that was used to move materials and smashed it through a prison gate to escape.[20]

1927 Thanksgiving Day attempt

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On Thanksgiving Day, November 24, 1927, an attempted prison break resulted in a violent altercation, killing fourteen including an unarmed prison guard and inmate George Baker. Convicted burglar Roy “the Rat” Stokes was charged with first degree murder, and hanged on January 3, 1930. Both Stokes and Baker are buried in the Folsom Prison Cemetery.[21]

1932 dummy used in escape

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On June 16, Matthew Harris, a Los Angeles robber, escaped from Folsom by making a lifelike dummy. The dummy was cleverly made to look real enough with Abbott's own hair, that of his cellmate, and aplaster of Parisface, to fool the guards until late the next day. This, according to the Warden, was seen in his bed and deceived the guards until general lock-up.[22]

1932 diving suit attempt

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An inmate, Carl Reese, tried to escape in 1932 using a diving suit fashioned from a football bladder, a goggle lens, and other scrounged materials. According to Floyd Davis, a prison guard of 13 years who continued to volunteer at the museum after his retirement, the inmate made only one mistake: he did not make his breathing tube long enough and ended up drowning in the power-house-mill pond.[20]Guards had to drain the pond to recover the inmate's body.[20]

September 19, 1937

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Main article:September 1937 Folsom escape attempt

Approximately 40 inmates had been waiting to talk to Warden Clarence Larkin concerning upcoming parole hearings when seven of the inmates suddenly attacked him.[23]As they took him into the yard, other guards started firing. In the commotion that followed, Officer Harry Martin and Warden Larkin were both stabbed to death. Officer Martin died at the scene, and Warden Larkin died of his wounds five days later.[23]

The inmates involved in the attack were said to have attacked the Warden and the officer withshivs(prison-made knives). Also, a prison-made wooden imitationsemiautomatic pistolwas found; it was carved and meant for use in the attack.

One of the seven inmates who attempted to escape was wanted for the murder of Officer James Hill, of theMarlow, OklahomaPolice Department, on April 20, 1931.[23]

Two of the escaping inmates were fatally shot during the incident. The remaining five were all sentenced to death and eventually executed in late 1938. Two suspects, including the one who had murdered Officer Hill, were executed in the gas chamber on December 2. Two others were executed on December 9, and the leader of the group was executed on December 16.[24]

June 5, 1987

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InmateGlen Stewart Godwin'snotable escapeearned him a spot on theFBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitiveslist.

In 1987, Godwin attempted to escape during his incarceration atDeuel Vocational InstituteinTracy, California,and he was moved to the maximum-security Folsom State Prison.

Authorities believe Godwin's wife, Shelly Rose Godwin, and his former cellmate in Deuel, Lorenz Karlic, helped to plan his successful escape from Folsom.[25]A hacksaw and other tools had been smuggled into the prison for Godwin. On June 5, 1987, he cut a hole through fence wire and escaped into a storm drain that emptied into theAmerican River.Godwin dropped through a manhole and crawled 750 feet through the pitch black drain. Either Godwin's wife or his accomplice Karlic had left a raft that Godwin used to float down the river, following painted arrows on rocks that directed him where to go.[25]

In June 1987, Karlic was arrested inHesperia, California,[26]and convicted for aiding Godwin's escape.[27]In January 1988, Shelly Godwin was classified as a federalfugitivefor her role in her husband's escape. The FBI captured her inDallas, Texas,on February 7, 1990.[28]

Godwin was arrested in Mexico in 1991 but escaped again from a prison inGuadalajarain September of that year and remains at large.[29]

October 19, 2010

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Twominimum-securityinmates, Jeffrey William Howard, 43, and Garrett Daniel Summet, 34, escaped from Folsom on October 19, 2010.[30]

Prison spokesman Lt. Anthony Gentile did not elaborate on the circumstances of how the men got away, only saying that the two men fled from the prison's Minimum Support Facility,[30]and that the escape was discovered when the two failed to report to their work areas.[31]

Folsom State Prison correctional staff and California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) Office of Correctional Safety agents initiated escapee apprehension efforts.[31]The CDCR, local law enforcement agencies, and theCalifornia Highway Patroljoined the search for the two men,[30]who were apprehended in Inglewood, CA on November 22, 2010.[32]

October 26, 2017

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Inmate Todd Willis walked away at about 8 A.M. from a minimum-security housing facility at the prison; five days later on October 31, 2017, an off-duty officer was driving through Rancho Cordova when she spotted him. Police were contacted and Willis was quickly apprehended.[33]

Violent incidents

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In 1937, Warden Clarence Larkin was stabbed during an escape attempt and died from his wounds.[34]

During the 1970s and 1980sviolenceat Folsom peaked, when theMexican Mafia,Black Guerrilla Familyand otherprison gangsmade prisons increasingly dangerous. The establishment ofSecure Housing Units,first atCalifornia State Prison, Sacramento,and later atPelican Bay State Prisonin Crescent City, andCalifornia State Prison, Corcoran,did much to control gang-related violence.

On August 27, 2010, sevenfederal inmatesat Folsom were admitted to ahospitalaftercorrections officersdischargedfirearmsduring ariotinvolving 200 inmates. None of the inmates' injuries were life-threatening, and no corrections officers were injured during the incident.[35]

On Wednesday, September 19, 2012, a fight erupted in one of the yards, shortly after 11:00 am. No prison staffers are believed injured and the fight was eventually broken up by the prison guards (using less-than-lethal force), but one inmate was shot and at least ten other inmates had stab or slash wounds, authorities stated (the inmates were treated at area hospitals).[36]

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Johnny Cash

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SingerJohnny Cashmade FSP widely known to the outside world through his song "Folsom Prison Blues"(1955) – which narrated a fictional account of an outlaw's incarceration, and through the two live concerts he performed at FSP. The first was in 1966; the more famous, held on January 13, 1968 in the FSP cafeteria, was recorded as the albumAt Folsom Prison.Cash later said the FSP inmates "were the most enthusiastic audience I ever played."[37]The "Folsom Prison Blues" single from that album was #1 on thecountry music chartfor four weeks, and the album was on thetop 200 pop album chartfor 122 weeks.[37]

A 40th-anniversary tribute concert was to take place in the same cafeteria at FSP on January 13, 2008, with a special appearance by Cash's original drummerW. S. "Fluke" Holland.[38]The original plans were to stream the concert over the Internet, with four nonprofit groups underwriting the show and sharing in any proceeds from the show.[38]However, a few days before the concert was to occur, it was canceled in a dispute over filming rights, media access, and security concerns.[39]

Los Tigres Del Norte

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To celebrate the 50th anniversary of Cash's groundbreaking concert, the Sinaloa, MexiconorteñobandLos Tigres del Norteperformed for both male and female inmates at FSP. The performances were filmed as part of aNetflixspecial, and was released in September 2019.

Films

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FSP has been the location of a number of feature films, includingThe Work,Riot in Cell Block 11,Convicts 4,American Me,The Jericho Mile,Another 48 Hrs.,Diggstown,parts ofWalk the Line(abiographical filmofJohnny Cash), andInside the Walls of Folsom Prison.

FSP is referenced during the 1995 filmHeat.It is suggested as being the home of Neil McCauley, the movie's main protagonist, for seven years. A majority of the other accompanying crew members are said to have met and spent time in the facility.

Public works

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On theM-5freeway inFarmington Hills, MI,two service drives – named Folsom and Freedom – are adjacent to the eastbound and westbound sides respectively.

Music

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Folsom Prison is mentioned inThe Offspring's 1998 song "Walla Walla."However, the implied or mistaken location of Folsom is inWalla Walla, Washington,based on the song's lyrics.

Television

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The series premiere of theCartoon Networkanimated seriesCow and Chicken,appropriately titled "Field Trip to Folsom Prison", sees the titular characters visiting the prison on a field trip, only for Chicken to end up swapping places with a prisoner named Red.

Season 2 episode 16 ofThe Mentalistmentions Folsom briefly, with a detective stating to the episode's criminal "you'll be the richest man in Folsom."

Games

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New Folsom Prison inStarCraft II: Wings of Libertywas named after the facility, or maybe after New Folsom Prison, nowCalifornia State Prison, Sacramento.

Notable inmates

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References

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  1. ^"California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation: Monthly Report of Population As of Midnight January 31, 2023"(PDF).California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, Division of Internal Oversight and Research. January 31, 2023.RetrievedSeptember 21,2023.
  2. ^"List of Adult Institutions".Cdcr.ca.gov.RetrievedNovember 30,2021.
  3. ^"Folsom prison belt buckle".March 24, 2013. Archived fromthe originalon March 21, 2012.RetrievedMay 5,2013.
  4. ^abMoore, April (2013).Folsom's 93: The Lives and Crimes of Folsom Prison's Executed Men: April Moore: 9781610351720.Linden Publishing Company.ISBN978-1610351720.
  5. ^Hilburn, Robert (February 25, 1968)."Johnny Cash's songs echo inside Folsom's gray walls".Toledo Blade.p. I1.
  6. ^Campbell, Mary (December 23, 1969)."Johnny Cash clicks on album made in prison".Observer-Reporter.Washington, Pennsylvania. Associated Press. p. B8.
  7. ^abThompson, Don (September 24, 2000)."Folsom Prison: Penitentiary memorialized by Johnny Cash draws the curious".Today's News Herald.Lake Havasu City, Arizona. Associated Press. p. 3, River Extra.
  8. ^Folsom State Prison (FSP) (2009)."Mission Statement".California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Archived fromthe originalon August 13, 2009.RetrievedAugust 20,2009.
  9. ^California State Prison, Sacramento (SAC) (2009)."Mission Statement".California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Archived fromthe originalon August 13, 2009.RetrievedAugust 20,2009.
  10. ^Durham, David L. (1998).California's Geographic Names. A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State.Clovis, CA: Word Dancer Press.ISBN1-884995-14-4.
  11. ^"California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation: Monthly Report of Population As of Midnight April 30, 2020"(PDF).California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, Division of Internal Oversight and Research.April 30, 2020. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on May 3, 2020.RetrievedMay 2,2020.
  12. ^"History of Capital Punishment in California".California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation.Archived fromthe originalon July 24, 2010.RetrievedAugust 16,2010.
  13. ^California Prison Industrial Authority."License Plates".RetrievedMay 14,2022.
  14. ^abSullivan, Laura (August 13, 2009)."Folsom Embodies California's Prison Blues".National Public Radio.RetrievedMay 6,2013.
  15. ^abHickey, Brian (September 3, 2018)."Genealogists aim to solve graveyard mystery at Folsom Prison".KCRA.RetrievedOctober 27,2021.
  16. ^"Genealogical society puts names with graves".Mountain Democrat.August 29, 2018.RetrievedOctober 27,2021.
  17. ^"Folsom Prison".Wikimapia.org.
  18. ^"Folsom State Prison (FSP)."California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation.Retrieved on January 27, 2016.
  19. ^"Nueva prisión para mujeres en California (fotos)"(Archive).La Opinión.January 16, 2013. Retrieved on January 27, 2016. "En total, precisó el vocero, la recién estrenada prisión albergará a 403 mujeres presas de bajo riesgo, 25% de las cuales son hispanas."
  20. ^abcDon Thompson."California museum not far from Folsom prison".Cincinnati.RetrievedMay 6,2013.
  21. ^"Photo Record".Center for Sacramento History.RetrievedJuly 10,2024.
  22. ^United Press Association (June 17, 1932). "???".Nevada State Journal.Reno, Nevada.
  23. ^abc"Warden Clarence Larkin".Officer Down Memorial Page.RetrievedJuly 30,2018.
  24. ^"1938: Robert Lee Cannon and Albert Kessell, the first gassed in California".Executed Today.December 2, 2009.RetrievedJuly 30,2018.
  25. ^abUnderwood, Melissa (January 28, 2008)."Glen Stewart Godwin Wanted for Murder, Escape From Prison".Fox News.RetrievedDecember 26,2009.
  26. ^"Suspected Helper in Prison Escape Seized".Los Angeles Times.June 9, 1987. Archived fromthe original(Fee required)on October 24, 2012.RetrievedDecember 26,2009.
  27. ^Cooper, Anderson (January 28, 2008)."The Hunt for the FBI's" Ten Most Wanted "Fugitives".CNN.RetrievedDecember 26,2009.
  28. ^"Shelly Godwin Captured in Dallas".America's Most Wanted.January 25, 2007. Archived fromthe originalon August 6, 2007.RetrievedDecember 26,2009.
  29. ^"Glen Stewart Godwin Wanted for Murder, Escape From Prison".Fox News.January 28, 2008.RetrievedAugust 17,2018.
  30. ^abc"Folsom Prison escapees still on the loose".Folsom Telegraph. October 27, 2010.
  31. ^ab"Two Inmates Escape from Minimum Support Facility at Folsom State Prison".Cdcrtoday.blogspot.Archived fromthe originalon August 13, 2011.RetrievedNovember 30,2021.
  32. ^"Two Inmates who Walked Away from Folsom Apprehended".Cdcrtoday.blogspot.Archived fromthe originalon November 27, 2010.RetrievedNovember 30,2021.
  33. ^"Above the Call: Off-duty CO helps capture escaped inmate".Inside CDCR.January 8, 2018. Archived fromthe originalon June 19, 2018.RetrievedJuly 30,2018.
  34. ^"Warden Clarence Larkin, California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, California".Odmp.org. September 24, 2017.RetrievedApril 15,2018.
  35. ^Staff writers (August 28, 2010)."Seven injured as guards open fire in US jail riot".BBC News.RetrievedMay 6,2013.
  36. ^NBC News staff (September 19, 2012)."1 inmate shot, at least 10 injured in Folsom, California, prison riot".RetrievedMay 6,2013.
  37. ^abSullivan, James (September 13, 2003)."California prison concerts defined outlaw persona".The San Francisco Chronicle.RetrievedMay 6,2013.
  38. ^ab"Johnny Cash tribute at Folsom prison canceled".CNN. Associated Press. January 9, 2008.
  39. ^Furillo, Andy (January 9, 2008)."Folsom Prison concert is off. The promoter balks at rules to let the media film a tribute to Johnny Cash".The Sacramento Bee.Archived fromthe originalon April 16, 2008.RetrievedMay 6,2013.
  40. ^Hell's Angels: Masters of MenaceHoward Kohn,Rolling Stone(April 5, 1979)ArchivedJuly 6, 2022, at theWayback Machine
  41. ^abcdJohnston, Larry (February 7, 2014)."Visiting Folsom Reality Trip With No Prison Blues".Floridatoday.
  42. ^"Record payout approved for Simi Valley man wrongfully convicted of grisly 1978 murders".Los Angeles Times.February 16, 2018.RetrievedNovember 30,2021.
  43. ^"Ten Most Wanted".The FBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation.RetrievedJune 7,2012.
  44. ^"Rick James Gets Out of Jail, His Fiancée Goes In".August 24, 1996.
  45. ^"Manson moved from death row prison".Daily News.Bowling Green, Kentucky. Associated Press. October 10, 1972. p. 12.
  46. ^"Manson taken to Folsom jail".Spokesman-Review.Associated Press. March 10, 1976. p. 2.
  47. ^"Manson transferred back to San Quentin".Spokane Chronicle.Associated Press. July 19, 1985. p. 7.
  48. ^"CDCR Public Inmate Locator Disclaimer".
  49. ^"Oakland Rapper Askari X at the Amoeblog".Amoeba. February 10, 2011.RetrievedApril 15,2018.
  50. ^You Can't Win.AK Press/Nabat. 2000.ISBN9781902593029– via Archive.org.
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