Wikipedia

Frankie Goes to Hollywood

For the video game, seeFrankie Goes to Hollywood(video game).

Frankie Goes to Hollywoodwere an English pop band that formed inLiverpoolin 1980. They comprisedHolly Johnson(vocals),Paul Rutherford(backing vocals), Mark O'Toole (bass), Brian Nash (guitar) and Peter Gill (drums). They were among the first openly gay pop acts and madegay rightsand sexuality a theme of their music and performances.

Frankie Goes to Hollywood
Frankie Goes to Hollywood in 1985. From front:Paul Rutherford,Holly Johnson,Brian Nash, Peter Gill and Mark O'Toole
Background information
OriginLiverpool,England
Genres
DiscographyFrankie Goes to Hollywood discography
Years active
  • 1980–1987
  • 2004–2007
  • 2023
Labels
Past members
Websitefrankiesay

Frankie Goes to Hollywood signed toZTT Recordsin 1983. Their debut album,Welcome to the Pleasuredome(1984), produced byTrevor Horn,achieved advance sales of more than a million, and their first three singles, "Relax","Two Tribes"and"The Power of Love",reached number one on theUK singles chart.TheBBCbriefly banned them from broadcast for their provocative themes, drawing further publicity. In 2014, the music journalistPaul Lesterwrote that "no band has dominated a 12-month period like Frankie ruled 1984".[7]

Johnson, Gill and O'Toole received the 1984Ivor Novello Awardfor Best Song Musically and Lyrically for "Two Tribes". In 1985, Frankie Goes to Hollywood won theBrit Award for British Breakthrough Actand were nominated for Best New Artist at theGrammy AwardsandMTV Video Music Awards.

Frankie Goes to Hollywood's second album,Liverpool(1986), sold fewer copies, and they disbanded acrimoniously in 1987. Johnson successfully sued ZTT to leave his contract and began a solo career. He declined invitations to reunite and tried to block the band from using the name. In 2004, Frankie Goes to Hollywood reunited without Johnson and Nash to perform at aPrince's Trustcharity concert, withRyan Molloyon vocals, and held a tour in 2005. They reunited with Johnson and Nash for the first time since 1987 to perform for the2023 Eurovision Song Contest.

History

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1980–1982: Formation

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Frankie Goes to Hollywood formed in Liverpool in 1980.[8]The lead singer,Holly Johnson,had previously played inBig in Japanand had released some unsuccessful solo singles. He formed the first version of Frankie Goes to Hollywood with Phil Hurst (drums), Ambrose (bass), Steve Lovell (guitar), but the group soon split.[9]The name came from an advertisement announcingFrank Sinatra's film debut.[10]

In 1982, Johnson restarted the group with Peter Gill (drums) and the brothers Mark (bass) and Jed O'Toole (guitar). Jed left before 1983, and was replaced by his cousin, Brian Nash.[9]Within the band, O'Toole, Nash and Gill constituted a group known as the Lads.[7]Frankie Goes to Hollywood played their first gig at a Liverpool pub, Pickwick's, where they recruited the dancer and backing singerPaul Rutherford.[9][11]

Nash said the band admired the Liverpool groupsEcho & the Bunnymen,Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Darkandthe Teardrop Explodes:"That was music from Liverpool but from our generation. You would see these people walking around town, you'd seeIan McCullochgetting on the bus. I never saw any ofthe Beatleson the bus. "[12]

1983–1984: "Relax", "Two Tribes" and success

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Trevor Horn,pictured in 1984 wearing a Frankie Goes to Hollywood shirt, signed the band to ZTT and produced their first album.

In February 1983, Frankie Goes to Hollywood performed on theChannel 4showThe Tube,dressed infetish wear.That May, they became the first act signed byZTT Records,a new record label co-founded by the producerTrevor Horn.[7][9]Horn admired the "dangerous" sexuality of their music.[7]"Relax"was selected as their first single. After recording several versions, Horn created a dramatically different arrangement without the band, using electronic instruments such as a drum machine and theFairlight,an earlysamplingsynthesiser.[13]

"Relax" was released in October 1983, backed by a music video set in anS&Mclub.[14]Sound on Sounddescribed it as a "hi-NRGbrand of dance-synth-pop "that" broke new sonic ground, while epitomising '80s excess in all its garish, overblown glory ".[15]Initial sales were slow, but rose after the band performed on theBBCseriesTop of the Popsthe following January.[7]Soon after,the BBC banned "Relax" from its broadcasts,deeming it obscene. The ban created publicity, associating Frankie Goes to Hollywood with youth rebellion. Within two weeks, "Relax" reached number one on theUK singles chartand stayed there for four weeks, and the BBC was forced to reverse its ban.[16]"Relax" won the1985 Brit Awardfor Best British Single.[17]

The ZTT co-founderPaul Morleydevised a promotional campaign involving "advertising-based slogans, playful propaganda and pseudo-philosophy".[10]This included a line of T-shirts inspired by shirts created byKatharine Hamnett,bearing slogans such as "Frankie say relax" and "Frankie say arm the unemployed".[10][18]Morley said he wanted to challenge the idea of music merchandise, asking: "Why did it have to have a face on it, couldn't it be a walking billboard?"[19]The shirts quickly became popular, andMusic Weekreported in July 1984 that they were outselling the singles in some stores.[10][20]By December, more than 250,000 T-shirts had been sold.[21]

Frankie Goes to Hollywood appeared in the 1984 thrillerBody DoublebyBrian De Palma.[22]In June, Frankie Goes to Hollywood released their second single, "Two Tribes",featuring an" annihilating "bassline and lyrics about theCold War.[7]Its music video, depicting a fight betweenRonald ReaganandKonstantin Chernenko,was played extensively onMTV.[22]The single spent nine weeks at number one on the UK singles chart.[23]Frankie Goes to Hollywood held the top two spots of the chart simultaneously when "Relax" rose back to number two that August.[7]

1984–1985:Welcome to the Pleasuredome

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Main article:Welcome to the Pleasuredome

Frankie Goes to Hollywood released their debut album,Welcome to the Pleasuredome,featuring "Relax" and "Two Tribes", in October 1984.[24]It had advance sales of a million copies.[7]A third single, the ballad "The Power of Love",was released in November and reached number one in December.[citation needed]This made Frankie Goes to Hollywood the second act in the history of the UK charts to reach number one with their first three singles, after another Liverpool band,Gerry and the Pacemakers,in the 1960s. This record remained unbeaten until theSpice Girlsachieved a six-single streak in 1996–1997.[citation needed]Writing in theGuardianin 2014,Paul Lesterwrote that "no band has dominated a 12-month period like Frankie ruled 1984".[7]As of 2014, "Relax" and "Two Tribes" were the sixth and 22nd-bestselling singles in UK history.[7]

In 1985, Frankie Goes to Hollywood won theBrit AwardforBritish Breakthrough Act.In the US, where they were associated with theSecond British Invasion,they received nominations for Best New Artist at the27th Annual Grammy Awardsand the1985 MTV Video Music Awards.[25][26]Their fourth single, "Welcome to the Pleasuredome",was released in March 1985, and reached number two.[7]That year,Ocean Softwarepublished aFrankie Goes to Hollywood gamefor theCommodore 64,Amstrad CPCandZX Spectrum.The player completes a series of minigames to solve a murder mystery, with references to the band's lyrics, videos and artwork.[27]

1985–1986:Liverpooland decline

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Main article:Liverpool (album)

By the end of 1984, following promotional touring in the United States, Johnson had distanced himself from the band. He spent time with his new boyfriend, Wolfgang Kuhle, who later became his manager.[11]In 1985, Frankie Goes to Hollywood left the UK for a year for tax purposes and wrote songs for their second album in Ireland.[28]The media reported that disputes had formed within the band.[28]They began recording their second album,Liverpool,inWisseloord Studios,near Amsterdam, in November 1985. Between March and June 1986, they worked in ZTT's studioSarm Westin London. The album was produced by the ZTT engineerStephen Lipson;Horn took over mi xing in its final stages.[28]

Johnson remained distant from the band during the sessions and was unhappy about the album's focus on rock over dance.[28]Jill Sinclair,Horn's wife and one of the ZTT founders, later alleged that Johnson had been uncooperative and absent for most of the sessions.[28]According to Nash,Duran DuransingerSimon Le Bondeclined an invitation to replace Johnson.Pete Wyliewas also approached, but Johnson remained and completedLiverpool.[29]

In August 1986, the first single fromLiverpool,"Rage Hard",was released, reaching number 4 in the UK.[30]Liverpoolwas released in October 1986 and reached UK No. 5. It received poor reviews and chart returns declined rapidly with the follow-up singles "Warriors of the Wasteland" (No. 19) and "Watching the Wildlife"(No. 28).[citation needed]Horn spent three months creating remixes of "Watching the Wildlife" and "Warriors of the Wasteland" for the single releases, spending an estimated £50,000.[28]By March 1988,Liverpoolhad sold around 800,000 copies.[28]

1987–1988: disbandment and lawsuit

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During theLiverpooltour, the relationship between Johnson and the band deteriorated.[31]Before a concert atWembley Arenain January, a fight broke out backstage between Johnson and O'Toole.[32][33]Johnson said that ZTT had encouraged the rift as a means ofdivide and rule,[28]and that Horn had once suggested Johnson and Rutherford fire the other members and work as a duo.[28]Sinclair instead blamed Johnson's manager and boyfriend, Kuhle, who she said was a negative influence and had triggered resentment in the band.[28][34]Nash recalled: "During the last tour, everybody knew it would end, as the relationship between Holly and the rest of us was so strained. He didn't want to be in a band situation anymore. Everybody was fed up with the whole thing."[31]Their last concert was on 1 March 1987, atRotterdam Ahoyin the Netherlands.[9]

On 23 July, Johnson told ZTT that he planned to leave and sign toMCA Records.ZTT filed aninjunctionto prevent this, as their record contract specified that any member who left would remain contracted to ZTT.[34]In court, ZTT argued that the success of Frankie Goes to Hollywood was a result of ZTT's production and marketing and that Johnson had been disruptive and uncooperative. Johnson's team argued that ZTT had been financially irresponsible when recordingLiverpool,and that their contract constituted an unreasonablerestraint of trade.[34]In 1988, theHigh Courtfound in Johnson's favour and the band members were released from their contract.[28]Horn later wrote that his decision to pursue the lawsuit had been "stupid".[32]

Soon after the breakup, Nash, O'Toole and Gill attempted to re-form Frankie Goes to Hollywood with a new singer, Grant Boult.[31]According to Nash, they recorded songs in a deal withLondon Records.[11]Johnson blocked the project, saying it would devalue their achievements.[31]

1989–present: solo projects

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Holly Johnson performing solo in 2014

Johnson began a solo career with MCA, and released a number-one album,Blast,in 1989.[35]His second solo album,Dreams That Money Can't Buy,released in 1991, was unsuccessful. That year, Johnson was diagnosed withHIVand retreated from public life to focus on his health.[35]In 1994, he published an autobiography,A Bone in My Flute.[36]He has since released further albums and studied at theRoyal College of Art.[35]

Nash returned to work as an electrician, and signed to Swanyard Records to record music with Boult asLow.[31]He later became an officiator of weddings and funerals and a tour guide of Liverpool's musical heritage.[37]He published a memoir,Nasher Says Relax,in 2012.[29]O'Toole moved to Los Angeles, where he wrote and demoed new music,[31]and later moved to Florida.[38]Gill toured as part of an Australian soap actor's band, and formed a music production company, Love Station, which released singles featuring vocalists includingLisa Hunt.[31]

Rutherford released a single, a cover of theChictrack "I Want Your Love",and an album,Oh World,in 1989, which were unsuccessful. He released the single "That Moon" with Pressure Zone in 1991, and worked as a stylist for bands. He appeared in the music videos for "Walking on Broken Glass"(1992) byAnnie Lennoxand "Give In to Me"(1993) byMichael Jackson.[31]He later moved to New Zealand.[38]

1998–2000: American impostor band

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In 1998, a band using the name Frankie Goes to Hollywood began to tour the United States.[39]They were led by an American using the stage name Davey Johnson, who claimed he was Holly's brother and had performed uncredited onWelcome to the Pleasuredome.[39]Horn and the members of Frankie Goes to Hollywood refuted both claims. O'Toole, who had been living in Florida, became aware of the impostor band and warned concert promoters not to hire them.[39]

TheFlock of SeagullsfrontmanMike Score,who had been a Liverpool acquaintance of the members of Frankie Goes to Hollywood, removed the impostor band from his tour.[39]After Johnson contacted the trade magazinePollstarto confirm that the act was unauthorised, they were dropped by a booking agent, but were booked by small clubs throughout the southern United States.[39]In September 2000, a feature on the incident was published inSpin.[39]In 2000, ZTT released a Frankie Goes to Hollywood greatest-hits compilation,Maximum Joy,featuring remixes by acts includingApollo 440.[40]

2003–2007: reunion, performances with Ryan Molloy and trademark dispute

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The members of Frankie Goes to Hollywood reunited inHolloway, London,for a 2003 episode of theVH1showBands Reunited,but did not perform.[37]In an interview the following year, Johnson said he had not wanted to perform with the band again and felt the episode was a "debacle".[41]In his 2012 memoir, Nash, who had also been uninterested in a reunion, described the VH1 episode as a "circus" that had tried to depict Johnson negatively.[11]

On 11 November 2004, Frankie Goes to Hollywood reunited without Johnson and Nash to perform at aPrince's Trustcharity concert at Wembley Arena celebrating Horn's 25 years as a record producer.[42][43]Johnson and Nash declined to take part.[44]In his memoir, Nash wrote that he gave the band his blessing and watched from the audience.[11]Following open auditions held on 31 October inLeicester Square,London,[44]Ryan Molloywas selected as the new vocalist.[45]O'Toole's brother Jed, who had played in the band in the 1980s, replaced Nash.[46]

PopMatterswrote that the Wembley performance had "unstoppable 1984 pop glory" and that "even strong detractors of the group would likely be won over by energy the band members radiate".[47]TheIndependentwrote that it "fell somewhat flat".[48]Writing inThe Guardian,Alexis Petridiswrote that the show "ultimately underwhelms" and that the songs "were designed as studio-bound production extravaganzas, not live showstoppers".[49]Nash praised the performance and wrote that "Molloy did a great job filling Holly's shoes".[11]In his memoir, Horn wrote that Molloy was "a hell of a good frontman".[32]

The Wembley performance was followed by a series of concerts across Europe in 2005,[50][51][52]including atNorthampton Balloon Festival,[53]andBig Gay OutinFinsbury Park,London.[54][55][56]In 2006, Molloy said he had written new songs for Frankie Goes to Hollywood.[52]However, the material went unreleased and a European tour was canceled.[53]The group remained active until 2007 using the name Forbidden Hollywood, as Johnson would not allow them to use the original name.[57]

In April 2004, Johnson attempted to register the name Frankie Goes to Hollywood as atrademarkfor his exclusive use, arguing that it was his intellectual property as he had used it for a previous band.[51][58]The other band members opposed the registration. In 2007 it was blocked by anIntellectual Property Officejudge, who ruled that Johnson had acted inbad faithin an attempt to prevent the band performing without him.[51][58]

2011–2023: reissues, reunion with Johnson and film

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In 2011, ZTT reissuedLiverpoolin an expanded edition, plusThe Art of the 12 ",a compilation of tracks from ZTT artists including Frankie Goes to Hollywood.[59]In 2017,Universal Musicpurchased ZTT, including the Frankie Goes to Hollywood back catalogue.[60]

On 7 May 2023, Frankie Goes to Hollywood, including Johnson and Nash, reunited for a concert featuring multiple acts celebrating Liverpool music for theEurovision Song Contest.[61]They performed one song, "Welcome to the Pleasuredome".[61]It was their first performance together since 1987.[37]The performance drew praise but disappointed those hoping for more songs.[61][62][63]TheTelegraphgave the whole concert three out of five, writing about the segment by Frankie Goes to Hollywood that Johnson remained "a commanding presence" but that the short set was disappointing.[63]The BBC wrote: "Maybe one song is as much time as the five band members can bear to share a stage for—but at least they proved that they and their music can still sound compelling and fresh."[61]

On 10 May,Working Title Filmsannounced it was developing a Frankie Goes to Hollywoodbiographical film,Relax,based on Johnson's memoir.Bernard Rose,the director of the first "Relax" music video, is set to direct, withCallum Scott Howellsas Johnson.[64]

Style and legacy

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Johnson and Rutherford are openly gay, and Frankie Goes to Hollywood madegay rightsand sexuality a theme of their music and performances.[7]They were connected to a rise ingay culturein 1980s Britain, alongside bands such asBronski Beat.[22][65]Morley said that Frankie Goes to Hollywood combined the "exploratory gay energy" of Johnson and Rutherford with the "heterosexualscouseenergy "of the other band members.[7]Bernard Rose, who directed the first "Relax" video, said Frankie Goes to Hollywood were the first openly gay major pop act, before gay artists such asBoy George,George Michael,Freddie MercuryorElton Johnhadcome out,and "caused a shockwave".[66]

As Frankie Goes to Hollywood rose in popularity, some outlets reported that they were a "manufactured" group controlled by ZTT. A 1984 article in theWashington Postdescribed them as "a modern-dayMonkees,a post-punkVillage Peoplesprung forth fully armed from the brow of junk culture ".[22][31]As only Johnson performed on the studio version of "Relax", and the band did not tour during 1984 at the height of their popularity, rumours spread that they could not play their instruments.[15][67]Johnson said the media had undermined them and underestimated their contributions to their records.[31]Horn said later that the British music media often misunderstood the processes involved in studio recording. He said the band were "better than people gave them credit for", and cited "The Power of Love", "Born to Run"and" Krisco Kisses "as examples of their playing onWelcome to the Pleasuredome.[15][67]

In 2014, the music journalistPaul Lesterwrote that although Frankie Goes to Hollywood were "arguably the last great British pop sensation", they were rarely cited as an influence on other artists. He wrote that this was because "it would be impossible to recreate what they did".[7]Morley observed that despite having released two of the most successful records of the 1980s, they had become "slightly lost... The fact that something was so successful yet is part of a shadowy history is ultimate proof that it was special. They were like some contorted, profound novelty band."[7]However, he argued that they had changed how commercial pop music was marketed, with more artistic and "beautiful" packaging and music videos.[7]

Personnel

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  • Holly Johnson– vocals (1980–1987, 2023)
  • Mark O'Toole – bass, vocals (1981–1987, 2004–2007, 2023)
  • Peter Gill – drums (1981–1987, 2004–2007, 2023)
  • Jed O'Toole – guitars, vocals (1981–1982, 2004–2007)
  • Paul Rutherford– vocals, keyboards, tambourine (1982–1987, 2004–2007, 2023)
  • Brian Nash – guitars, vocals (1982–1987, 2023)
  • Ryan Molloy– vocals (2004–2007)

Awards and nominations

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Year Awards Work Category Result
1984 Ivor Novello Awards "Two Tribes" Best Song Musically And Lyrically Won
NME Awards Promo Video Won
Welcome to the Pleasuredome Best Dressed Sleeve Won
"Relax" Best Single Won
1985 Ivor Novello Awards Best Contemporary Song Nominated
Brit Awards Best British Single Won
Themselves Best British Newcomer Won
Best British Group Nominated
Welcome to the Pleasuredome Best British Album Nominated
"Two Tribes" Best British Single Nominated
MTV Video Music Awards Best New Artist Nominated
Best Concept Video Nominated
PollstarConcert Industry Awards Themselves Which Artist is Most Likely to Successfully Headline Arenas for the First time in 1985? Nominated
1986 Tour Small Hall/Club Tour of the Year Nominated
2010 Q Awards "Relax" Classic Song Won

Discography

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Main article:Frankie Goes to Hollywood discography

Concert tours

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  • English Tour (1983)
  • North American-English "Welcome To The Pleasuredome" Tour (1984)
  • British-European-North American-Japanese Tour (1985)
  • British-European "Liverpool" Tour (1987)
  • European-British "Reunion" Tour (2005)

References

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  11. ^abcdefNash, Brian (2012).Nasher Says Relax.Liverpool:Trinity Mirror Media.pp. 71,162–163, 182, 263,290–292,350–356,357–359.ISBN9781906802981.
  12. ^Upchuck, Matt (19 June 2017)."Brian Nash Interview".Brighton Source.Retrieved6 March2021.
  13. ^Gilbert, Ben (2 August 2021)."How we made: Relax by Frankie Goes to Hollywood".The Guardian.ISSN0261-3077.Retrieved22 April2023.
  14. ^"How '80s LGBTQ band Bronski Beat's haunting 'Smalltown Boy' made a difference: 'It was very bold'".yahoo.26 June 2019.Retrieved30 April2023.
  15. ^abcBuskin, Richard (April 2008)."Classic Tracks: Frankie Goes To Hollywood 'Relax'".Sound on Sound.Retrieved2 May2023.
  16. ^Duffy, Jonathan (14 January 2004)."Banned on the run".BBC News Magazine.Retrieved18 April2014.
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  18. ^Sibbles, Emma (18 June 2009)."Get it off your chest".The Guardian.ISSN0261-3077.Retrieved28 April2023.
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  20. ^Anderson, Terri (14 July 1984)."Frankie shirts outsell singles".Music Week.
  21. ^Sutcliffe, Kevin (1 December 1984)."The Road to the Pleasure Dome".The Face.p. 26.Indirectly, the band have Morley (a director and minor shareholder of ZTT) to thank for an income beyond the usual record company minimum. Noticing that Katherine Hamnett's outsized polemical t-shirts of '83 were being knocked off in the high street by the spring of '84, he concocted a series of bold slogans for Frankie's second release: 'Frankie Say Relax', 'Frankie Say Arm The Unemployed', 'Frankie Say War, Hide Yourself'. 250,000 t-shirts bearing these words have been sold to date, plus twice as many pirate versions.
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  25. ^"Frankie Goes To Hollywood Awards".Metro Lyrics.Archived from the original on 23 May 2013.Retrieved30 October2012.
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  27. ^Lambie, Ryan (9 March 2015)."Frankie Goes to Hollywood: One of the Most Innovative Games of the 8-bit Era".Den of Geek.Retrieved23 April2023.
  28. ^abcdefghijkBradley, Lloyd (March 1988)."The final chapter?".Q.
  29. ^abWright, Jade (6 November 2012)."Ex-Frankie Goes to Hollywood's Brian 'Nasher' Nash reveals all in his new autobiography".Liverpool Echo.Retrieved30 April2023.
  30. ^"RAGE HARD by FRANKIE GOES TO HOLLYWOOD".Official Charts.Retrieved25 July2024.
  31. ^abcdefghijAston, Martin (October 1992)."Where are they now?".Q.
  32. ^abcHorn, Trevor(13 October 2022).Adventures in Modern Recording: From ABC to ZTT(first ed.).Nine Eight Books.ISBN9781788706032.It was a stupid decision—stupid because it was enormously costly and took two years to resolve, and stupid because history shows that, in nine out of ten cases, the artist wins, something that MCA, Holly's new label, must have appreciated because they funded his court case to the tune of £150,000.
  33. ^Taylor, Phil (3 January 2014)."Frankie goes to Waiheke".The New Zealand Herald.Retrieved24 April2023.
  34. ^abcShaw, William (August 1988)."Frankie says see you in court".Blitz.
  35. ^abcGreen, Thomas H (4 October 2014)."theartsdesk Q&A: Musician Holly Johnson".The Arts Desk.Retrieved10 May2023.
  36. ^McLean, Craig (21 September 2014)."Holly Johnson: 'I was never very good at sucking up – it's just not my style'".The Guardian.ISSN0261-3077.Retrieved22 April2023.
  37. ^abc"Frankie Goes to Hollywood look forward to 'Scouse love' at Liverpool reunion".BBC News.25 April 2023.Retrieved25 April2023.
  38. ^ab"Frankie reunite for one-off show".BBC News.18 March 2004.Retrieved23 April2023.
  39. ^abcdefPrince, David J. (1 September 2000)."Frankie Goes to Alabama?".Spin.Vol. 16, no. 9. pp.124–130.Retrieved9 September2016.
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  43. ^Chiu, David (10 November 2004)."Horn Brings Back Buggles".Rolling Stone.Retrieved25 October2023.
  44. ^ab"Frankie audition for new frontman".BBC News.22 October 2004.Retrieved25 October2023.
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  46. ^Horn, Trevor(13 October 2022).Adventures in Modern Recording: From ABC to ZTT(first ed.). Nine Eight Books.
  47. ^Britt, Thomas (23 July 2009)."Trevor Horn and Friends: Slaves to Rhythm (DVD review)".PopMatters.Retrieved26 October2023.
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  54. ^Paphides, Peter(23 July 2005)."Top five gigs nationwide".The Times.Retrieved25 October2023.
  55. ^"Have a Big Gay Out in Finsbury Park".Resident Advisor.11 July 2005.Retrieved25 October2023.
  56. ^Cohen, Benjamin(10 October 2005)."Terrorist Threat Does Not Hamper Big Gay Out".PinkNews.Retrieved25 October2023.
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  63. ^abHall, James (8 May 2023)."Liverpool's Big Eurovision Welcome: a colourful spectacle let down by Frankie Goes to Hollywood".The Daily Telegraph.ISSN0307-1235.Retrieved8 May2023.
  64. ^Wiseman, Andreas (10 May 2023)."Frankie Goes To Hollywood Biopic 'Relax' In The Works With 'It's A Sin' Star Callum Scott Howells, Working Title & Independent Entertainment — Cannes Market".Deadline Hollywood.Retrieved20 May2023.
  65. ^Flynn, Paul (30 June 2024)."Why Bronski Beat's anthem of gay culture resonates 40 years on".The Observer.ISSN0029-7712.Retrieved16 July2024.
  66. ^Parker, Lyndsay (26 June 2019)."How '80s LGBTQ band Bronski Beat's haunting 'Smalltown Boy' made a difference: 'It was very bold'".Yahoo! News.Retrieved1 April2024.
  67. ^abPetridis, Alexis(24 October 2022)."'Grace Jones was in a state': legendary producer Trevor Horn relives his mega-hits ".The Guardian.Retrieved28 October2023.
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