Gōzoku(Hào tộc,lit."powerfulclan"),inJapanese,refers to powerful regional families. In historical context, it can refer to powerful non-royal families regardless of their area of influence, in contrast to theImperial Family.[1]The most powerfulgōzokufamilies of theYamato periodincluded theSoga clan,Mononobe clanandKatsuragi clan.
History
editIn theYamato periodprior to theritsuryōsystem,the powerful clans based inYamato ProvinceandKawachi Provincewere referred to as thechūō gōzoku(centralgōzoku), while the termchihōgōzoku(regionalgōzoku) referred to powerful clans outside the immediate vicinity of the capital who served askuni no miyatsukoandagatanushi.The centralgōzokuheldkabanetitles such asomiandmuraji,while the regionalgōzokuheld titles such asataiandkimi.[1]The most powerfuldaigōzoku( "greatgōzoku") included theKatsuragi clan,Ōtomo clan,Mononobe clan,andSoga clan.[2]
After the implementation of theritsuryōsystem, the centralgōzokubecamekizoku,the aristocracy, and took part in central politics. The regionalgōzokuremained practically unchanged and took part in regional politics.[2]Under theritsuryōsystem,gōzokureferred to powerful regional families holding acourt rankof Sixth Rank or below or who were unranked, in contrast to the royals and the aristocracy, who held a court rank of Fifth Rank or above. Under this system, thegōzokutypically served as district governors or as junior officials in provincial governments, and thus took on the duties of local administration.[1]
In the Middle Ages,gōzokureferred to a class of regional officials such asjitō(territory governor),shōkan(manor administrator) andgeshi(junior official at a manor). However, afterMuromachi period,the termgōzokufell out of use and was replaced by the termdogō,which referred tojizamurai(provincial peasant-warrior in charge of a small rural domain),kumon(official at a manor in charge of official documents) andsatanin(official at a manor in charge of executing orders and judgements on behalf of the lord).[1]
During and after theEdo period,neither the termsgōzokunordogōwere used. The termsgōnōandgōshōreplaced the previous class distinction following the rise of wealthy farmers and wealthy merchants during the Edo period.[1]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^abcdeNihon dai hyakka zensho.Shōgakkan, tiểu học quán (Shohan ed.). Tiểu học quán. 2001. Hào tộc.ISBN4-09-526001-7.OCLC14970117.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: others (link) - ^abObunsha Nihonshi jiten ed. 3 vượng văn xã Nhật Bản sử sự điển tam đính bản.Obunsha vượng văn xã. 2000. Hào tộc.ISBN9784010353134.
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