TheGelmini reform(Italian:riforma Gelmini)[1][2][3]refers to the set ofactsof theItalian Republic– issued during theBerlusconi IV Cabinet– concerning theeducation sector in Italy.
Entering into force during theMinister of Education, university and ResearchMariastella Gelmini's term of office between 2008 and 2011, it profoundly altered theMoratti reformof 2003.
General synopsis
editSome interventions, contained in some articles ofLaw 6 August 2008, n. 133,were followed by Law 30 October 2008, n. 169, whose main purpose was to reform the entire Italian school system.
Thecompulsory education[IT]reform took place on 1 September 2009 for primary andlower secondary schools,and forhigher secondary schoolson 1 September 2010. Regarding universities, Law 240/2010, promulgated on 30 December of the same year, came into force on 1 January 2011.
The acts
editLaw 6 August 2008, n. 133
editTheLaw-Decree 25 June 2008, n. 112[IT](Disposizioni urgenti per lo sviluppo economico, la semplificazione, la competitività, la stabilizzazione della finanza pubblica e la perequazione tributaria,English:Urgent disposals for economic development, simplification, competitiveness, stabilization of public finances and tax equalization),[4]laterLaw 6 August 2008, n. 133,[4]although it mainly concerned public finance, it also included some provisions for schools and universities (in particular Articles 15, 16, 17, 64 and 66).
Law 30 October 2008, n. 169
editTheLaw-Decree 1 September 2008, n. 137(Disposizioni urgenti in materia di istruzione e università,English:Urgent disposals about education and university),[5]laterlaw 30 October 2008, n. 169[5]is anactadopted on 30 October 2008 which contains a series of changes concerning the Italianpublic educationsystem. This decree, however, concerned essentially theprimary(formerlyelementary school) andsecondary(formerlymiddleandhighschools) schools: the main innovations in university education were contained in the three-year financial law (law 133/2008) and in the subsequent decree pertaining to universities.
Law 9 January 2009, n. 1
editTheLaw-Decree 10 November 2008 n. 180(Disposizioni urgenti per il diritto allo studio, la valorizzazione del merito e la qualità del sistema universitario e della ricerca,English:Urgent disposals for the right to education, the valorisation of merit and the quality of the university system and research),[6]laterLaw 9 January 2009, n. 1,[6]published in theOfficial Gazette n. 6of the 9 January 2009.
| DpR 15 March 2010, nn. 87 (Professional institutes),[7]88 (Technical institutes),[8]89 (Lyceums)[9] |
Regulations for the reorganization of lyceums, technical institutes and professional institutes issued by the President of the Republic on 15 March 2010 (Registered at the Court of Auditors on 1 June 2010). Complemented by National Guidelines, Programs and Guidelines for the three types of high schools.
Law 30 December 2010, n. 240
editTheLaw-Decree 30 December 2010, n. 240(Norme in materia di organizzazione delle università, di personale accademico e reclutamento, nonché delega al Governo per incentivare la qualità e l'efficienza del sistema universitario,EnglishRules about organization of universities, academic staff and recruitment, as well as delegation to the Government to encourage the quality and efficiency of the university system),[10]published on theOfficial Gazetteof the 14 January 2011, formally entered into force on 29 January 2011. It is also known as a draft of theSenatelaw 1905,[11]but during the parliamentary approval, the original bill was significantly modified.
The law radically changes the whole system ofgovernanceforItalian universities,redefining the university governing bodies and dictating different disposals about teaching staff (professors and researchers). The rule, however, contained numerous delegations to theItalian Governmentto issue decrees to implement the various aspects of the reform.[12]
Ministerial Decree n. 17 of 22 September 2010
editTheMinisterial Decree n. 17 of 22 September 2010registered at the Court of Auditors on 20 January 2011 determines theRequirements for the courses of study.[13]
References
edit- ^"Riforma Gelmini, email al Quirinale / Napolitano: 'Non posso intervenire'"[Gelmini reform, email to Quirinale / Napolitano: 'I can not intervene'] (in Italian).La Repubblica.13 October 2008.Archivedfrom the original on 17 March 2015.Retrieved17 March2015.
- ^"Guida alla nuova scuola secondaria superiore"[Guide to the new higher secondary school](PDF)(in Italian).Ministero dell′Istruzione, dell′Università e della Ricerca (MIUR).February 2010. Archived fromthe originalon 17 March 2015.Retrieved17 March2015.
- ^"Bergamo: protesta degli studenti contro (la) riforma Gelmini"[Bergamo: protest of students against Gelmini reform].Corriere della Sera(in Italian). 28 September 2009. Archived fromthe originalon 17 March 2015.Retrieved17 March2015.
- ^abSenato della Repubblica, ed. (6 August 2008)."Legge 6 agosto 2008, n. 133 (Conversione in legge, con modificazioni, del decreto-legge 25 giugno 2008, n. 112, recante disposizioni urgenti per lo sviluppo economico, la semplificazione, la competitività, la stabilizzazione della finanza pubblica e la perequazione tributaria)"[Law 6 August 2008, n. 133 (Conversion into law, with amendments, of the Law-Decree 25 June 2008, N. 112, containing urgent disposals for economic development, simplification, competitiveness, stabilization of public finances and tax equalization)].parlamento.it(in Italian).Archivedfrom the original on 17 March 2015.Retrieved17 March2015.
- ^abSenato della Repubblica, ed. (30 October 2008)."Legge 30 ottobre 2008, n. 169 (Conversione in legge, con modificazioni, del decreto-legge 1 settembre 2008, n. 137, recante disposizioni urgenti in materia di istruzione e università)"[Law 30 October 2008, n. 169 (Conversion into law, with amendments, of the Law-Decree of 1 September 2008, N. 137, containing urgent disposals about education and university)].parlamento.it(in Italian).Archivedfrom the original on 17 March 2015.Retrieved17 March2015.
- ^abSenato della Repubblica, ed. (9 January 2009)."Conversione in legge, con modificazioni, del decreto-legge 10 novembre 2008, n. 180, recante disposizioni urgenti per il diritto allo studio, la valorizzazione del merito e la qualità del sistema universitario e della ricerca"[Conversion into law, with amendments, of the law-decree 10 November 2008, N. 180, containing urgent disposals for the right to education, the valorisation of merit and the quality of the university system and research].parlamento.it(in Italian).Archivedfrom the original on 13 December 2009.Retrieved9 March2019.
- ^"Decreto del presidente della repubblica 15 marzo 2010, n. 87"[Decree of the President of the Republic 15 March 2010, n. 87].normattiva.it(in Italian). 9 January 2009.Retrieved9 March2019.
- ^"Decreto del presidente della repubblica 15 marzo 2010, n. 87"[Decree of the President of the Republic 15 March 2010, n. 88].normattiva.it(in Italian). 9 January 2009.Retrieved9 March2019.
- ^"Decreto del presidente della repubblica 15 marzo 2010, n. 89"[Decree of the President of the Republic 15 March 2010, n. 89].normattiva.it(in Italian). 9 January 2009.Retrieved9 March2019.
- ^"Legge 30 dicembre 2010, n. 240 (Norme in materia di organizzazione delle università, di personale accademico e reclutamento, nonché delega al Governo per incentivare la qualità e l'efficienza del sistema universitario)".Normattiva.it.30 December 2010.Archivedfrom the original on 17 March 2015.Retrieved17 March2015.
- ^Senato della Repubblica,ed. (2009)."Atto Senato n. 1905"[senato act n. 1905].senato.it(in Italian).Archivedfrom the original on 17 March 2015.Retrieved17 March2015.
- ^"Università, Napolitano: sì a riforma / ma (lui) riscontra" criticità "nel testo"[University, Napolitano: yes to reform / but (he) finds "criticality" in the text] (in Italian).La Repubblica.30 December 2010.Archivedfrom the original on 17 March 2015.Retrieved17 March2015.
- ^"Decreto Ministeriale 22 settembre 2010 n. 17 / Requisiti necessari dei corsi di studio"[Ministerial Decree 22 September 2010 n. 17 / Requirements for the courses of study].miur.it(in Italian).Ministero dell′Istruzione, dell′Università e della′Ricerca (MIUR).22 September 2010.Archivedfrom the original on 17 March 2015.Retrieved17 March2015.