Wikipedia

Ghost ship

This article is about vessels with no living crew aboard. For other uses, seeGhost ship (disambiguation).

Aghost ship,also known as aphantom ship,is avesselwith no living crew aboard; it may be a fictionalghostlyvessel, such as theFlying Dutchman,or a physicalderelictfound adrift with its crew missing or dead, like theMary Celeste.[1][2]The term is sometimes used for ships that have beendecommissionedbut not yetscrapped,as well as drifting boats that have been found after breaking loose of their ropes and being carried away by the wind or the waves.

The mysteriously derelict schoonerCarroll A. Deering,as seen from theCape Lookoutlightship on 28 January 1921 (US Coast Guard)

More recently, ships which travel with their mandatedAutomatic identification systemturned off to avoid detection and monitoring, have also been referred to asghost ships.[3]

Chronology

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The Flying DutchmanbyAlbert Pinkham Ryder

Folklore, legends, and mythology

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  • Undated –Chasse-galerieis a haunted canoe doomed to paddle the skies ofQuebec.
  • Undated – TheCaleucheis a mythical ghost ship that, according to local folklore andChilote mythology,sails the seas aroundChiloé Island,Chileat night.
  • Undated – TheFireship of Baie des Chaleursis a form of ghost light, an unusual visual phenomenon that appears atBathurst, New Brunswick,Canada. The phenomenon has been the source of many a tall tale, and has been said to appear as a flaming three-mast galley much like the style of ship featured on New Brunswick's provincial flag.
  • 1748 onwards – TheLady Lovibondis said to have been deliberately wrecked on 13 February 1748 offGoodwin Sands,Kent, England, and to reappear off theKentcoast every fifty years.
  • 18th century onwards – TheGhost Ship of Northumberland Straitis the apparition of a burning ship that is regularly reported betweenPrince Edward IslandandNew Brunswick,Canada.[4]
  • 1795 onwards – TheFlying Dutchmanis said to be a ship commanded by a captain condemned to eternally sail the seas. It has long been the principal ghost ship legend among mariners and has inspired several works.
  • 19th century onwards – ThePrincess Augusta,misremembered in local folklore as thePalatine,was wrecked nearBlock Island,Rhode Island,U.S., in 1738. Since then, an apparition known as thePalatine Lighthas been reported.[5][6]
  • 1813 onwards – After the American schoonerYoung Teazerwas sunk in an explosion inMahone Bay,Nova Scotia, Canada during the War of 1812, a burning apparition known as the "Teazer Light" has been reported.
  • 1858 onwards – TheEliza Battlewas a paddle steamer that burned in 1858 on theTombigbee River,Alabama, U.S. She is reported to reappear, fully aflame, on cold and windy winter nights to foretell of impending disaster.
  • 1872 or 1882 – A legend states that theIron Mountainmysteriously disappeared in 1872 and left barges it was towing floating down the river. In reality, the ship ran aground and sank north ofVicksburg, Mississippi,United Statesin 1882 and its destruction was never mysterious.
  • 1878 onwards – An apparition ofHMSEurydicehas been reported where the ship sank in 1878 off theIsle of Wight,English Channel. Witnesses include a Royal Navy submarine in the 1930s andPrince Edward, Earl of Wessex,in 1998.[7]
  • 1886 –The Phantom Canoe of Lake Rotomahanawas awaka wairua(spirit canoe) inLake Rotomahana,New Zealand seen eleven days before the deadly eruption of the nearbyMount Tarawera,which devastated the lake and the surrounding area.
  • 1895 – A spectralGalleonwas allegedly seen inChapel Cove,Newfoundland.According to folklore, pirates supposedly buried riches in Chapel Cove, and it is said that those who have gone in search of the treasure have either observed the appearance of the phantom ship, or have encountered apparitions on land.[8]
  • 1902 – TheSSBannockburnvanished onLake Superioron November 21, 1902, and subsequently gained a reputation as "theFlying Dutchmanof theGreat Lakes."[9][10][11]
  • 1906 – Following the wreck of theSSValenciain 1906 off the coast ofVancouver Island,British Columbia, Canada, there were reports of a lifeboat with eight skeletons in a nearby sea cave, lifeboats being rowed by skeletons of the Valencia's victims, the shape ofValenciawithin the black exhaust emanating from the rescue shipCity of Topeka'sfunnel and a phantom ship resembling theValenciawith waves washing over her as human figures held on to the ship's rigging; sailors also reported seeing the ship itself in the area in the years following the sinking, often as an apparition that followed down the coast.[12][13]One of the lifeboats fromValenciawas found adrift in 1933.[14]
  • 22 November 1912 – TheRouse Simmons,heavily laden with over 3,000 Christmas trees in its cargo hold and piled high on deck, set sail from Thompson, Michigan for Chicago. The following day it disappeared without trace. For years afterwards, Lake Michigan mariners claimed to have spotted the 'Christmas Tree Ship' appearing out of nowhere with its sails in tatters.[15]
  • 1928 – TheKøbenhavnwas last heard from on December 28, 1928. For two years following its disappearance sightings of a mysterious five-masted ship fitting its description were reported in the Pacific Ocean.[16]

Unsubstantiated

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The discovery of theMarlborough,as depicted byLe Petit Journalin 1913
  • 1775 – TheOctavius,a British merchant ship returning fromChina,was supposedly found drifting off the coast ofGreenland.The captain's log showed that the ship had attempted theNorthwest Passage,which at the time had never been successfully traversed. The ship and the bodies of her frozen crew apparently completed the passage after drifting amongst the pack ice for 13 years.
  • 1811–1813 – Napoléon Gallois reported that a French frigate had found the French privateerDuc de Dantzigdrifting, covered in blood, with the decaying corpses of the crew hacked and crucified to her masts and in the battery. Bloody papers identifiedDuc de Dantzigand her master,François Aregnaudeau.More soberly, the ships register of the maritime archives states "Duc de Dantzig,unheard of as of 1813, presumed lost with all hands ".[17]
  • 1840 – TheschoonerJennywas supposedly discovered after spending 17 years frozen in an ice-barrier of theDrake Passage.Found by Captain Brighton of thewhalerHope,it had been locked in the ice since 1823, the last port of call having beenLima, Peru.The bodies of the seven people aboard, including one woman and a dog, preserved by theAntarcticcold, were buried at sea by the crew of theHope,and Brighton passed the account on to theAdmiraltyinLondon.TheJennyis commemorated by theJenny Buttress,a feature onKing George Islandnear Melville Peak, named by theUK Antarctic Place-Names Committeein 1960.
  • 27 October 1913 – The Singapore newspaperThe Straits Timespublished a story according to which theMarlboroughhad been discovered nearCape Hornwith the skeletons of her crew on board.[18]The Straits Timesattributed the story to one published in theLondonpaper theEvening Standardof 3 October 1913. TheEvening Standardmentioned that the story was based on an "account cabled from New Zealand" which was yet to be confirmed. The ship that sighted theMarlboroughin 1913 was said to be the sailing shipJohnson.[19]
  • 1947 – TheOurang Medanis said to have been found adrift offIndonesiawith all of its crew dead. The boarding party found the entire crew "frozen, teeth baring, gaping at the sun." Before the ship could be towed to a home port, it exploded and sank. There is no record that a ship of this name ever existed, and it is believed to be an urban legend.
  • 2014 – At least 243 refugees disappeared without a trace in the summer of 2014. A human trafficker who arranged a journey to Europe for the refugees claimed that the people were scheduled to depart from Khums, Libya, but the ship that they would have departed on was never named and no sign of a ship or the refugees has even been found. This incident is known as theghost boat investigation.

Historically attested

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  • 1750 or 1760 – The SVSea Bird:This merchant brig, under the command of John Huxham (or Husham or Durham), grounded herself at Easton's Beach,Rhode Island.Her longboat was missing. She had been returning from a voyage toHondurasand was expected inNewportthat day. The ship was apparently abandoned in sight of land (coffee was boiling on the galley stove) and drifted off course. The only living creatures found on the ship were a dog and a cat. A fictional account of how she became derelict appeared in theWilmington, DelawarenewspaperSunday Morning Starfor 11 October 1885.[20][21]
  • 15 May 1854 –HMSResolutewas abarque-rigged ship of the British Royal Navy that was abandoned after being beset by ice inViscount Melville Sound,Canada. She had been one of four vessels fromEdward Belcher's search expedition forJohn Franklin.The ship drifted some 1,200 miles (1,900 km) before it was found on 10 September 1855 off the coast ofBaffin Island,Canada, freed from the ice. TheResolute desk,which was constructed from the timbers of the ship, resides today in theOval Officeof theWhite House.
An engraving ofMary Celesteas she was found abandoned.
  • 25 November 1872 – The SVMary Celeste,after passingSanta Maria Islandin the Azores on 25 November 1872 (the last entry on the ship's slate). Themerchantbrigantinebecame derelict in unknown circumstances. No boats were found on board.[22]She was found on 4 December 1872 between mainlandPortugaland theAzoresarchipelago.The ship was devoid of all crew, but largely intact and under sail, heading toward theStrait of Gibraltar.Arthur Conan Doyle'sstory "J. Habakuk Jephson's Statement"is based on this incident. Doyle alters certain aspects of the original story, including the name of the ship fromMarytoMarie Celeste.
  • 29 August 1884 – The SVResolven:This merchantbrigwas found abandoned betweenBaccalieu IslandandCatalina, Newfoundland and Labrador.Her boats were missing.[23]Her logbook was posted to within six hours of being sighted.[24]Other than a brokenyard,she had suffered minimal damage. The galley fire was alight and the lamps were burning.[24]A large iceberg was sighted nearby. It has been claimed that none of the seven crew members or four passengers were accustomed to northern waters and it was suggested that they panicked when the ship was damaged by ice, launched the lifeboat, and swamped, though no bodies were found. Three years later,Resolvenwas wrecked while returning to Newfoundland from Nova Scotia with a load of lumber.[25]
  • 1885 – The SVThe Twenty One Friends:This three-masted (tern)schoonerwas built in 1872. She was financed by a group of 21PhiladelphiaQuakersand consequently named theTwenty One Friends.In 1885, returning to Philadelphia with a full load of lumber fromBrunswick, Georgia,the ship was rammed by theJohn D. Mayoff the coast ofCape Hatteras.Capt. Jeffries removed his crew and abandoned the vessel. The ship and cargo were left to the mercy of the sea. Capt. Jeffries’ concern for the safety of his crew was appropriate; however, the Gaskill-made ship proved herself to be more seaworthy than expected. After the collision, the ship was sighted on both sides of the Atlantic over the next two years. She finally came ashore inIreland,where her cargo was salvaged and she was employed as a fishing vessel.[26][27][28]
  • 1897 – The abandoned whalerYoung Phoenixwas reported to have been drifting in the Arctic.[29]
  • 22 January 1906 – TheSSValencia's lifeboat no. 5: The lifeboat went adrift when the ship sank off the coast ofVancouver Island,British Columbia, Canada. The lifeboat was found floating inBarkley Sound,Vancouver Island,British Columbia, Canada in remarkably good condition 27 years after the sinking.[14][13]
  • October 1917 – The SVZebrina:This sailing barge departed Falmouth, Cornwall, England with a cargo of Swansea coal bound for Saint-Brieuc, France. Two days later she was discovered aground on Rozel Point, south ofCherbourg,France, without damage except for some disarrangement of her rigging, but with her crew missing.[30]
  • January 1921 – The SVCarroll A. Deering:After passingCape LookoutLightship,North Carolina,on 28 January 1921, theCarroll A. Deering,a five-masted cargo schooner, became derelict in unknown circumstances. The ship's lifeboats and logbook were missing when she was found on 31 January 1921 at theDiamond Shoals,off the coast ofCape Hatteras,North Carolina. The final voyage of the ship has been the subject of much debate and controversy, and was investigated by six departments of the US government, largely because it was one of dozens of ships that sank or went missing within a relatively short period of time. While paranormal explanations have been advanced, the theories of mutiny or piracy are considered more likely.
  • 3 October 1923 – The SVGovernor Parr:This four masted schooner was abandoned by her crew after she lost her mizzen and spanker in a storm while sailing fromIngramport,Nova Scotia, Canada toBuenos Aires,Argentina. The damage incurred byGovernor Parrwas significant to the masts and deck of the ship; however, she did not sink. Several attempts were made to either destroy or tow this derelict to shore, but all failed.Governor Parrwas sighted for many years after her abandonment as she covered large spans of the Atlantic Ocean. She remained a derelict and “menace to navigation”, drifting as far as the Canary Islands. It is unknown what happened to her in the end.[31][32][33]
  • 24 November 1931 – TheSSBaychimo:This cargo steamer was abandoned after being trapped in pack ice nearBarrow, Alaska,U.S. and being thought doomed to sink. However, she remained afloat and was sighted at various times between 1931 and 1969 in theChukchi Seaoff the northwestern Alaskan coast without ever being salvaged. ´She was sighted numerous times, still unmanned and adrift, for nearly forty years. People managed to board her several times, but each time they were either unequipped to salvage her or were driven away by bad weather. This would make her one of the longest sailing ghost ships in the world.
MV Joyita.The ship was partially submerged and listing heavily to port side.
  • 3 October 1955 – TheMVJoyita:After leavingApia,Samoa, the refrigerated trading and fishing charter boatJoyitabecame derelict in unknown circumstances. The ship'sdinghyand threeCarley-liferaftswere missing,[34]and her logbook was also missing, when she was found[35]on 10 November 1955, north ofVanua Levu,Fiji. A subsequent inquiry found the vessel was in a poor state of repair, but determined the fate of passengers and crew to be "inexplicable on the evidence submitted at the inquiry".
  • 1959 – The Royal Navy submarineHMSVirulent,lent to theHellenic Navyin 1946, was found empty in theBay of Biscayoff northern Spain. It subsequently became clear that she had been under tow by another vessel and that the chain had snapped, some three weeks earlier.[36][37]
  • 1 July 1969 – The SVTeignmouth Electron:After the last entry in her log was made on 1 July 1969, thetrimaranyacht became derelict in unknown circumstances. The vessel was found on 10 July 1969 in the North Atlantic, latitude 33 degrees 11 minutes North and longitude 40 degrees 26 minutes West. Investigation led to the conclusion that its sole crewmember,Donald Crowhurst,had suffered a mental breakdown while competing in asolo around-the-world raceand committed suicide by jumping overboard.[38]
  • 1975 – The SVOcean Wave:Bas Jan Aderwas lost at sea while attempting a single-handed west–east crossing of theAtlanticin a 13-foot-long (4.0 m)pocket cruiser,a modified Guppy 13 namedOcean Wave.The passage was part of an art performance titled "In Search of the Miraculous". Radio contact broke off 3 weeks into the voyage, and Ader was presumed lost at sea. The boat was found after 10 months, floating partially submerged 150 miles (240 km) west-southwest of the coast of Ireland. His body was never found. The boat, after being recovered by the Spanish fishing vessel that found it, was taken toCoruña.The boat was later stolen.[39]Ader's mother wrote the poemFrom the deep waters of sleepafter having what she described as a premonition of his death.
  • December 2002 – The MVHigh Aim 6,after the owner last spoke to the captain by radio when the ship was near theMarshall Islands,halfway between Papua New Guinea and Hawaii, on 13 December 2002, the MVHigh Aim 6,alongline fishingboat, became derelict in unknown circumstances. The Taiwanese police deemed a mutiny probable. The ship was found drifting with its crew missing on 3 January 2003 approximately 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) east ofRowley Shoals,Broome, Australia. The derelict was subsequently scuttled.[40][41]
  • 24 March 2006 – TheMTJian Sengwas found drifting 180 kilometres (110 mi) southwest ofWeipa,Queensland,Australia. The ship's origin or owner could not be determined, and its engines had been inoperable for some time.[41][42]
  • 24 August 2006 – The SVBel Amica,a classicschooner,was found derelict near Punta Volpe,Sardinia,Italy. The owner later claimed to have gone home on 14 August 2006 to address an emergency. The Italian press suggested that he may have been avoiding taxation of luxury vessels. The Coast Guard crew that discovered the ship found half eaten Egyptian meals, French maps of North African seas, and a flag ofLuxembourgon board.[43]
  • 18 April 2007 – The SVKaz II,a 12-metre-long (39 ft)catamaranset sail on 15 April 2007. She was filmed passing George Point,Hinchinbrook Island,Queensland later that day and on that same day, late in the afternoon, the GPS data showed her to be adrift.[44]She was found adrift on 18 April 2007 nearthe Great Barrier Reef,88 nautical miles (163 km) offTownsville,Queensland, Australia. When boarded on 20 April, the engine was running, a laptop was running, the radio and GPS were working and a meal was set to eat, but the three-man crew were not on board. All the sails were up but one was badly shredded, while three life jackets and survival equipment, including an emergency beacon, were found on board. A search for the crew was abandoned on 22 April as it was considered unlikely that anyone could have survived for that period of time. The coroner believed that the men may have fallen overboard.
  • 28 October 2008 – The MVTai Ching 21(Chinese:Quốc khánh số 21): The last radio transmission from theTai Ching 21,a fishing vessel, was made on 28 October 2008.[45]The boat was found empty on 9 November 2008 nearKiribati.Its lifeboat and three life rafts were missing. The abandoned 50 ton Taiwanese vessel had been gutted by fire several days previously. No mayday call was received. A search of 21,000 square miles (54,000 km2) of thePacific Oceannorth ofFijiby a US Air ForceC-130 Herculesand a New Zealand Air ForceP-3 Orionfound no trace of the Taiwanese captain ( nhan kim cảng Yán Jīn-gǎng) or crew (18 Chinese, 6 Indonesians, and 4 Filipinos).[46][47]
  • January 2009 – The SVLunatic:In December 2007 at age 70,Jure Šterkstarted a journey to sail around the world on his boatLunatic.He used hisamateur radioto communicate, and was last heard from on 1 January 2009. His sail boatLunaticwas spotted on 26 January, approximately 1,000 nmi (1,900 km) off the coast of Australia. The boat appeared damaged and there was no sign of Jure Šterk on deck.[48]Three months later, on 30 April 2009 the sail boat was found adrift by the crew of the science vesselRV Roger Revelle,500 miles (800 km) south-east at 32° 18.0' S 091° 07.0' E. The sails were torn and there was no one on board. After boarding they found that the last log entry had been made on 2 January 2009.[49][50]
  • 20 March 2012 – The MVRyou-Un Maru,a fishing vessel, was washed away from its mooring inAomori Prefecture,Japan during theTōhoku earthquake and tsunami.It was assumed sunk with no crew aboard, but a year later, it was found drifting about 150 nautical miles (280 km; 170 mi) off the coast ofHaida Gwaii,British Columbia, Canada. The United States Coast Guard sank it with 25 mm cannon fire on 5 April 2012.[51][52]
  • 19–20 June 2012 – TheT.T. Zion,a private yacht, wasgroundedon Fort Lauderdale Beach around 1:15 a.m. on 20 June, with its navigation lights on and engines still running. The vessel appeared sea worthy but a broken tie-bar could have caused steering problems.[53]Items belonging to ownerGuma Aguiarwere found on board, but no sign of him or any other passenger was found.[54]
  • February 2013 – TheMVLyubov Orlova,a former Soviet cruise ship, was being towed to a scrapyard in the Caribbean when a cable snapped, setting her adrift in international waters, one day after leavingSt John's, Newfoundland,Canada. On 4 February 2013 she was found approximately 250 nautical miles (460 km; 290 mi) east ofSt John's(approximately 50 nautical miles (93 km; 58 mi) outside Canada's territorial waters) and drifting in a northeasterly direction. The crew did not pursue the vessel due to safety concerns. Some news reports claimed it was adrift and populated with "cannibal rats".[55]
  • 2011–ongoing – Every year the remains ofdozens of ghost shipsreach Japanese waters;[56]the ships are typically ill-equipped small wooden boats believed to be fishing forNorth Korea.[57][58][59]Some boats were found empty but at least 25 people have been found in advanced states of decomposition,[60][57][58]probably dead from starvation or exposure.[61]At least some of the crude fishing vessels are believed to been owned and operated by theKorean People's Army.
  • 31 January 2016 – TheSayo:Manfred Fritz Bajorat of Germany was found dead in his private yacht, which was adrift in thePhilippine Sea.Hismummifiedbodywas foundslumped on a desk by crew from the racing yachtLMAX Exchange.[62]The yacht was re-discovered on 25 February 2016.[63][64]Anautopsyfound Bajorat had died of aheart attackapproximately one week before being found, and sea conditions preserved the body.[65]
  • February 2020 – TheMVAltaran aground nearBallycotton, County Corkon the coast of Ireland duringStorm Dennis.It had previously been encountered adrift and unmanned in the mid-Atlantic byHMSProtector,having been adrift since 2018 after it became disabled, and an operation by the US Coast Guard rescued its crew.[66]
  • January 2021 – TheYong Yu Sing No. 18was discovered adrift near Midway Island with all crew and a lifeboat missing,and with damage from what appeared to be a collision.[speculation?][67]
  • April 2024 – Fishermen found an unnamedfishing shipon theCaeté River[68]in the region ofBragança, Pará,Brazil,near theAmazon Delta,presumably having come fromMauritania.Speculated destination to theCanary Islands.The ship probably got lost at sea went adrift of theSouth Equatorial Current.Its last sighting at Mauritania was in January 2024, so presumably the voyage lasted for 3 months. All of the 9 occupants were found dead. Ship register showed the journey started with 25 occupants. Coroners stated their cause of death wasdehydrationandinanition.It is speculated that the first 16 dead people were thrown at sea by the last ones who endured, being found dead ashore.[69]

See also

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Citations

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  1. ^Hicks, Brian (2004).Ghost Ship: The Mysterious True Story of the Mary Celeste and Her Missing Crew.Random House Digital. pp. 5–6.ISBN0345463919.Archivedfrom the original on December 14, 2021.RetrievedAugust 7,2012.
  2. ^Grenon, Ingrid (2010).Lost Maine Coastal Schooners: From Glory Days to Ghost Ships.The History Press. p. 67.ISBN978-1596299566.Archivedfrom the original on December 14, 2021.RetrievedAugust 7,2012.
  3. ^Dixon, Paul (26 May 2023)."Deceptive Shipping Practices in Sanctions Evasion".sanctions.io.Retrieved22 September2024.
  4. ^Hamilton, William B. (1978)."Folklore: Ghostly Encounters of the Northumberland Kind".The Island Magazine:33–35.Archivedfrom the original on August 4, 2019.RetrievedJune 9,2013.
  5. ^Zuckerman, Elizabeth (December 20, 2004)."Legend of 18th-century ship still haunts Block Island".Boston Globe.Associated Press.Archivedfrom the original on January 6, 2013.RetrievedJune 11,2013.
  6. ^Bell, Michael (April 21, 2004)."The Legend of the Palatine".Quahog.org.Archivedfrom the original on April 13, 2014.RetrievedJune 10,2013.
  7. ^Harding, John (2004).Sailing's Strangest Moments: Extraordinary But True Tales from Over 900 Years of Sailing.Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 92.ISBN1861057458.Archivedfrom the original on January 18, 2022.RetrievedAugust 6,2012.
  8. ^Jarvis, Dale (2004).Haunted Shores: True Ghost Stories of Newfoundland and Labrador.Flanker Press. pp. 124–125.ISBN1-894463-54-4.
  9. ^"Marine Museum of the Great Lakes at Kingston".Archived fromthe originalon April 10, 2008.RetrievedApril 13,2008.
  10. ^Colombo, John Robert (1999).Mysteries of Ontario.Dundurn. p. 186.ISBN978-0-88882-205-5.Archivedfrom the original on 24 June 2022.Retrieved3 August2014.
  11. ^Boyer, Dwight (1968).Ghost Ships of the Great Lakes(1st ed.). Cleveland, Ohio: Freshwater.ISBN978-0912514475.
  12. ^"13 Days of Halloween: The Ghost Ship Valencia".Original.Consortium for Ocean Leadership. 23 October 2010. Archived fromthe originalon 20 September 2016.Retrieved3 October2013.
  13. ^abPaterson, T. W. (1967).British Columbia Shipwrecks.Langley, BC: Stagecoach Publishing. pp. 72–76.
  14. ^Neuschel, Frederick (2007).Lives and Legends of the Christmas Tree Ships.Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.doi:10.3998/mpub.304249.ISBN978-0-472-11623-2.Archivedfrom the original on 2022-06-24.Retrieved2021-09-18.
  15. ^Porterfield, Walden R. (May 30, 1973)."Phantom Ships–The Ghosts That Sail the Seven Seas".Milwaukee Journal.RetrievedAugust 7,2012.[permanent dead link‍]
  16. ^La Nicollière-Teijeiro, p.422
  17. ^"Crew of Skeletons. Missing Ship Reported After Twenty-Three Years".The Straits Times.27 October 1913. p. 3.Archivedfrom the original on 24 June 2022.Retrieved20 August2020.
  18. ^The cruise of the skeletons, Robert Le Roy Ripley, Believe it or not!, Simon and Schuster, 1929, page 159
  19. ^Dix, John Ross (1852).A Hand-Book of Newport, and Rhode Island.Newport, Rhode Island: C. E. Hammett, Jr. pp.75–77.Sea Bird Huxham.
  20. ^Federal Writers' Project (1937). "Rhode Island: The General Background".Rhode Island, a Guide to the Smallest State.Boston: Houghton Mifflin. pp.108–109.ISBN978-1623760380.Sea Bird Huxham.
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  22. ^"The Log of HMS Mallard".Archived fromthe originalon 4 May 2014.Retrieved4 October2014.
  23. ^ab"The Wanganui Chronicle, 14 March 1914, page 3".Archivedfrom the original on 13 October 2014.Retrieved4 October2014.
  24. ^The Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador,CD Version; articleResolven
  25. ^Ashton, Charles (21 May 1982). "NRHP Nomination Form".Library of the Atlantic Heritage Center.
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  27. ^Gearren, Joan (1981)."Survey of Cultural Resources of the Historic Era in the Watersheds of the Great Egg Harbor and Tuckahoe Rivers".NJ Office of Cultural and Environmental Services, Historic Preservation Section(108–30).Archivedfrom the original on 23 September 2012.Retrieved2 October2012.
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  33. ^Wright, David (2002).Joyita: Solving the Mystery.Auckland University Press. p. 5.ISBN978-1869402709.
  34. ^"Author says he's solved MV Joyita mystery, 47 years later".The New Zealand Herald.New Zealand. 29 March 2002.Archivedfrom the original on 24 February 2018.Retrieved17 February2015.
  35. ^"Submarine No Ghost: Derelict Found Off Spain Had Snapped Tow Chain".New York Times (subscription required).UPI. 6 January 1959. p. 16.Archivedfrom the original on 24 June 2022.Retrieved22 October2020.
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  38. ^Dalstra, Koos; van Wijk, Marion (2007).Bas Jan Ader: In Search of the Miraculous (Discovery File 143/76).Veenman Publishers.ISBN978-90-8690-011-4.Archivedfrom the original on 12 May 2014.Retrieved10 May2014.
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  40. ^ab"Ghost ship to be towed to port".Sydney Morning Herald.27 March 2006.Archivedfrom the original on 24 September 2015.Retrieved7 August2012.
  41. ^"At sea. Australian Customs board 'ghost ship' in Gulf of Carpentaria".bymnews.26 March 2006.Archivedfrom the original on 2 May 2014.Retrieved7 August2012.
  42. ^"Mystery yacht found off Millionaires Playground".The Scotsman.24 August 2006. Archived fromthe originalon 14 October 2007.Retrieved2007-04-20.
  43. ^TimesOnline (2007-04-23)."Rescuers call off the search for 'Mary Celeste' crewmen".The Times.London. Archived fromthe originalon 2011-05-24.Retrieved2007-10-16.
  44. ^"Hopes dim for 29 Asian fishermen".BBC Online.25 November 2008.Archivedfrom the original on 5 December 2008.Retrieved8 March2011.
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References

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