Wikipedia

Giro d'Italia

For the women's race, seeGiro d'Italia Women.

TheGiro d'Italia(Italian:[ˈdʒiːrodiˈtaːlja];lit. 'Tour of Italy'),[1]also known simply as theGiro,[2]is an annualmultiple-stagebicycle raceprimarily held inItaly,while also starting in, or passing through, other countries.[3]The first race was organized in1909to increase sales of the newspaperLa Gazzetta dello Sport,[3][4]and the race is still run bya subsidiary of that paper's owner.[5][6]The race has been held annually since its first edition in 1909, except during the twoworld wars.[3]As the Giro gained prominence and popularity, the race was lengthened, and the peloton expanded from primarily Italian participation to riders from all over the world. The Giro is aUCI World Tourevent, which means that the teams that compete in the race are mostlyUCI WorldTeams,with some additional teams invited as 'wild cards'.[7][8]

Giro d'Italia
2024 Giro d'Italia
Race details
DateMay–June
RegionItaly and nearby countries
English nameTour of Italy
Local name(s)Giro d'Italia(in Italian)
Nickname(s)La Corsa Rosa
DisciplineRoad
CompetitionUCI World Tour
TypeGrand Tour
OrganiserRCS Sport
Race directorMauro Vegni
Web sitewww.giroditalia.it
History
First edition13 May 1909;115 years ago(1909-05-13)
1909 Giro d'Italia
Editions107 (as of2024)
First winnerLuigi Ganna(ITA)
Most wins
(5 wins each)
Most recentTadej Pogačar(SLO)

The Giro is one of professional cycling's three-week-longGrand Tours,[3][9]and after theTour de Franceis the second most important stage race in the world (theTriple Crown of Cyclingdenotes the achievement of winning the Giro, the Tour and theUCI Road World Championshipsin the same season). The Giro is usually held during May, sometimes continuing into early June.[3]While the route changes each year, the format of the race stays the same, with at least two time trials, and a passage through the mountains of theAlps,including theDolomites.Like the other Grand Tours, the modern editions of the Giro d'Italia normally consist of 21 stages over a 23- or 24-day period that includes two or three rest days.[3]

The rider with the lowest aggregate time is the leader of the general classification and wears thepink jersey.While the general classification gathers the most attention, stage wins are prestigious of themselves, and there are other contests held within the Giro: thepoints classification,themountains classificationfor the climbers,young rider classificationfor the riders under the age of 25, and theteam classification.[10]

History

edit
Main article:History of the Giro d'Italia

Origins and first race (1909)

edit
Luigi Ganna,the winner of the inaugural Giro d'Italia

The idea of the holding a bicycle race that navigated around Italy was inspired by theTour de Franceand the success thatL'Autohad gained from it.[4][11]It was first suggested whenLa Gazzetta dello Sporteditor Tullo Morgagni sent a telegram to the paper's owner, Emilio Costamagna, and cycling editor, Armando Cougnet, stating the need for an Italian tour.[12][5]At the timeLa Gazzetta's rival,Corriere della Serawas planning on holding a bicycle race of its own, after the success they had gained from holding an automobile race.[12][5][13]Morgagni then decided to try and hold their race beforeCorriere della Seracould hold theirs, butLa Gazzettalacked the money.[5]However, after the successLa Gazzettahad with creating theGiro di LombardiaandMilan–San Remo,the owner Costamagna decided to go through with the idea.[5][11]Their bike race was announced on 7 August 1908 in the first page of that day's edition ofLa Gazzetta dello Sport.[13]The race was to be held in May 1909.[13]

Since the organizers lacked the 25,000lire[12]needed to hold the race, they consulted Primo Bongrani, an accountant at the bank Cassa di Risparmio and friend of the three organizers. Bongrani proceeded to go around Italy asking for donations to help hold the race.[5]Bongrani's efforts were largely successful, he had procured enough money to cover the operating costs.[5]Prize money was supplied by a casino inSan Remowho Francesco Sghirla, a formerGazzettaemployee, encouraged to contribute to the race.[12][5]EvenCorriere,La Gazzetta's rival, gave 3,000 lire to the race's fund.[12]

Alfredo Binda, winner of five editions of the Giro in the 1920s and 1930s

On 13 May 1909 at 02:53, 127 riders started the first Giro d'Italia at Loreto Place inMilan.[4][13]The race was split into eight stages covering 2,448 km (1,521 mi).[13]A total of 49 riders finished, with ItalianLuigi Gannawinning.[13][14]Ganna won three individual stages and the General Classification.[14]Ganna received 5,325 lire as a winner's prize, with the last rider in the general classification receiving 300 lire.[13]The Giro's director received only 150 lire a month, 150 lire fewer than the last-placed rider.[13]The first Giro was won byLuigi Ganna,who had the fewest total points at the end of the race.

1910–1952

edit

The same format was used for the next two years and resulted inCarlo Galettiwinning.

In1912,there was no individual classification, instead there was only a team classification, which was won byTeam Atala.The 1912 Giro is the only time the competition has not had an individual classification.[15]From 1914 onwards the scoring format was changed from a points-based system to a time-based system, in which the cyclist who had the lowest aggregate time at the end of the race would win.

The Giro was suspended for four years from 1915 to 1918, due to theFirst World War.Costante Girardengowas the winner of the first Giro after the war in1919.[16]

The dominant figure in the 1920s wasAlfredo Binda,who won his first Giro in1925and followed this up with another victory in1927,in which he won 12 of the 15 stages. Victory in1929came courtesy of eight successive stage wins. At the height of his dominance Binda was called to the head office ofLa Gazzetta dello Sportin 1930; the newspaper accused him of ruining the race and offered him 22,000lireto be less dominant, which he refused.[17]Binda won five Giros before he was usurped as the dominant cyclist byGino Bartali.

Nicknamed the "Iron Man ofTuscany"for his endurance, Bartali won two Giros during the 1930s, in1936and1937.[18]Bartali's dominance was challenged in1940,the last Giro before theSecond World War,when he was defeated by his 20-year-old teammateFausto Coppi.[19]

Fausto Coppi and Gino Bartali

Bartali and Coppi's rivalry divided Italy. Bartali, aconservative,was venerated in the rural, agrarian south, while Coppi, more worldly, secular, innovative in diet and training, was a hero of the industrial north. They became teammates in 1940 whenEberrardo Pavesi,head of theLegnanoteam, took on Coppi to ride for Bartali. Bartali thought Coppi was "as thin as a mutton bone", but accepted. Their rivalry started when Coppi, the helper, won the Giro aged 20 and Bartali, the star, marshalled the two men's team to chase him.

The rivalry between Bartali and Coppi intensified after the war. Bartali won his last Giro in1946,narrowly beating Coppi, now riding for theBianchiteam. Coppi then won his second Giro thefollowing year.Coppi abandoned the1948 Giro d'Italiain protest against the small penalty given toFiorenzo Magni.Coppi won a further three Giros and twice, in1949and1952,Coppi won the Giro d'Italia and the Tour de France in the same year, the first rider to do so.

1953–1967

edit
Jacques Anquetil(left) andFelice Gimondi(right, wearing the Maglia Rosa) at the1967 Giro d'Italia

SwissHugo Kobletbecame the first non-Italian to win the race in1950.[20]No one dominated the tour during the 1950s, Coppi,Charly GaulandFiorenzo Magnieach won two Giros during the decade.

The 1960s were similar. At the1960 Giro d'Italia,Jacques Anquetiltook advantage of a breakaway he was part of on stage 3 to take the overall lead.[21]Anquetil then led the lead move toJos Hoevenaers,who had been part of a breakaway on stage 6. In the long time trial of the race on stage 14, Anquetil retook the lead, finishing 1:27 minutes ahead of Baldini and more than 6 minutes on Gaul. His speed had been so fast that had the organizers applied the usual rules, 70 riders would have missed the time cut. In the event, the rules were loosened and only two riders eliminated. Ahead of the final mountain stages, Anquetil now led Nencini by 3:40 minutes, with Gaul in fifth, 7:32 minutes behind. Stage 20 included theGavia Passfor the first time in the race's history. On the ascent, Nencini was able to establish a gap to Anquetil, after the latter had a flat tire. More punctures and three bike changes followed on the dangerous descent, putting Anquetil's race lead in danger. He teamed up withAgostino Coletto,whom he offered money to help him in the chase effort, to limit his losses. At the finish inBormio,Gaul won ahead of Nencini, with Anquetil losing only 2:34 minutes and retaining the pink jersey by 28 seconds. Following a ceremonial final stage, Anquetil arrived inMilanthe winner of the Giro for the first time.[22]Anquetil went on to become the first rider to win all threeGrand Toursand won the Giro again in1964,[23]whileFranco Balmamionwon two successive Giros in1962and1963.[24]

Felice Gimondiwon the1967 Giro d'Italiaand went on to become the second rider, after Anquetil, to win all three Grand Tours.

1968–1996

edit

BelgianEddy Merckxwas the dominant figure during the 1970s. His first victory came in1968,a race which saw two important firsts: the first tests for drug use and the first prologue.[25]A total of eight riders tested positive during the Giro.[25]BelgianEddy Merckxwon his first Giro d'Italia after winning the twelfth stage's finish atop theTre Cime di Lavaredoand also regaining the race lead.[25][26]En route to the overall victory, Merckx won four stages.[25]Merckx returned in1969and was leading the race after the sixteenth stage that ended inSavona.[27]Merckx tested positive for a banned substance after the stage and was subsequently disqualified from the race; to this day Merckx still proclaims his innocence.[27]The UCI would lift his suspension almost immediately but Merckx was not allowed to start stage 17.Felice Gimonditook the lead after Merckx's dismissal and held it all the way to the race's conclusion.[27][28]

Merckx came back thefollowing yearto liking of his sponsor.[29]Merckx took the lead after stage five and never relinquished it; he dominated the lengthy stage nine time trial.[29][30]Merckx went on to win theTour de Franceand in doing so became the third rider to win twoGrand Toursin a single calendar year.[29]In1971,reigning champion Merckx decided to ride theCritérium du Dauphiné Libéréinstead.[31]Felice Gimondi lost substantial time early on in the race to put him out of contention, while fellow Italian and teammateGianni Mottatested positive for banned substances and was dismissed from the Giro.[31]Swedish cyclistGösta Petterssongained the lead after the race's eighteenth stage and held it all the way to the finish.[31][32]Pettersson became the first Swedish cyclist to win a Grand Tour.[31][32]

Merckx returned to the Giro in1972and resumed his domination. He grabbed the lead after a long solo attack during the race's seventh stage and never let go of the lead.[33][34]Merckx led the1973 Giro d'Italiafrom start to finish; a feat that had not been done sinceAlfredo Bindadid in1927.[35][36]

Unfortunately in1976a rider died in an accident early in the race which stunned the riders, fans and race officials equally. By the third week it seemed as though Belgian riderJohan De Muynckwas going to claim victory, but much to the delight of theTifosiGimondi rode a very strong final Individual Time Trial and won his third Giro by a very small margin in rather stunning fashion as he was getting older and not even considered a pre-race favorite. BelgiansMichel Pollentierand Johan De Muynck won the two subsequent Giros in1977and1978.

In1980,FrenchmanBernard Hinaultbecame France's first winner since Anquetil in 1964. He would win another two Giros in1982and1985.[37]

The1987 editionwas highlighted by the controversy betweenCarrera Jeans–Vagabond's two general classification riders Roberto Visentini andStephen Roche.[38]Roche led the race early on but lost the lead to Visentini after crashing during the thirteenth stage.[39]Roche attacked on the race's mountainous fifteenth stage despite orders from Carrera team management not to.[40]Roche took the lead and wound up winning the Giro.[38]Roche's success would not stop there during the 1987 season, he would go on to win theTour de Franceand themen's road raceat the World Championships to complete the Triple Crown of Cycling.[38]

The1988 Giro d'Italiais remembered for the fourteenth stage that contained very poor weather throughout the stage and most notably on the slopes of thePasso di Gavia.[41]Franco Chioccioliled the race at the start of the fabled fourteenth stage.[42]On the slopes of the Gavia,Andrew HampstenandErik Breukinkrode away from their fellow riders; Breukink would go on to win the stage, but Hampsten would take the overall lead.[43]Hampsten went on to win the race and became the first non-European to win the Giro d'Italia.[44]

SpaniardMiguel Indurain,winner of five Tours, won successive Giros in1991and1992.

1997–2016

edit
Marco Pantani wearing the Maglia Rosa

Ivan Gotti's wins in1997and1999were either side of the first win byMarco Pantani's win in1998.Pantani was considered a favorite to win theGiro d'ItaliaOther contenders included Gotti,Alex Zülleand1996winnerPavel Tonkov.[45]Pantani lost time in the initialprologuein Nice and further time to his main rivals during the fifteenth stage, an individual time trial inTrieste.By that point, Pantani faced a disadvantage of almost four minutes to Zülle before theDolomitesmountain stages and an individual time trial on the penultimate stage, a discipline that favored Zülle and Tonkov. In the seventeenth stage toSelva di Val Gardena,Pantani took themaglia rosa,the leader's jersey, for the first time in his career after attacking Zülle on theMarmoladaclimb.[46]Although Pantani crossed the finish line behindGiuseppe Guerini,he finished over four minutes ahead of Zülle, maintaining an advantage of thirty seconds on the general classification over Tonkov, thirty-one seconds on Guerini and over a minute on Zülle.[47]In the following stage toAlpe di Pampeago,he finished second behind Tonkov but maintained the general classification lead over him and gained further time on Zülle and Guerini.[48]In the eighteenth stage toPlan di Montecampione,Pantani repeatedly attacked Tonkov, dropping him in the last three kilometers and winning the stage to face the individual time trial on the penultimate stage with a lead of almost a minute and a half.[46]Zülle lost contact with the favorites in the first climb and ended up losing over thirty minutes.[49]Having won over two minutes on Pantani in the previous time trial, Tonkov was considered superior to Pantani on the time trial discipline, but the Italian finished third in the penultimate stage, gaining an additional five seconds on Tonkov.[50]Pantani was thus able to maintain his lead to win the Giro d'Italia with a minute and a half over Tonkov and more than six minutes over Guerini. He also won theMountains classificationand finished second in thePoints classification.[51]

Pantani subsequently went on to win the1998 Tour de France,thus completing the rare feat of winning the Giro d'Italia and the Tour de France in the same calendar year.[52]

Pantani returned to the Giro in1999while in peak physical form.[53]Pantani gained the lead after the race's fourteenth stage and as the race hit the high mountains, he extended his lead with three stage wins.[53]On the morning of the twentieth stage, Pantani was dismissed from the Giro after havinghematocritlevels above 50%.[53]1997 victor Ivan Gotti, who was second place at the time, subsequently took the lead and wound up winning the Giro for the second time in his career.[53]

Vincenzo Nibali wearing the Maglia Rosa at the2013 Giro d'Italia

Gilberto Simoniwas the winner in2001and2003,withPaolo Savoldellivictorious in2002and2005.Other repeat winners this century have beenIvan Basso(2006and2010), SpaniardAlberto Contadorin2008and2015andVincenzo Nibaliin2013and2016.Contador also looked to have won the2011 edition,[54]a race during whichWouter Weylandtsuffered a fatal crash on the third stage, but he was later stripped of the title after he was found guilty of doping in the2010 Tour de France,and runner-upMichele Scarponiwas awarded the victory.[55]

The first South American winner wasNairo Quintanaof Colombia in2014.

Alberto Contador wearing the Maglia Rosa at the2015 Giro d'Italia

2017–present

edit

The2017 Giro d'Italiawas the 100th edition of the race.Tom Dumoulinwon stage 10, a 39.8-kilometre (24.7-mile)individual time trial(ITT) fromFolignotoMontefalco,to take the overall race lead by 2 minutes and 23 seconds over Quintana.[56]Dumoulin won Stage 14, which featured a mountain top finish atSantuario di Oropato extend his lead over Quintana by a further 14 seconds.[57]On Stage 16, Dumoulin experienced stomach problems and had to take acomfort breakat the foot of theUmbrail Pass;none of the other contenders waited for Dumoulin and he finished more than two minutes down on stage winnerVincenzo Nibali,keeping his race lead by just 31 seconds over Quintana. Dumoulin defended his lead until the stage 19 mountain finish in Piancavallo, where he crossed the line over a minute behind Quintana, the new race leader.[58]However, Dumoulin's performance on stage 21, a 29-kilometre (18-mile) individual time trial fromMonza CircuittoMilanin which he finished second, took him from fourth to first place in the general classification. He was also the first Dutchman to win the overall in a Grand Tour sinceJoop Zoetemelkwon the 1980 Tour de France.

In2018Simon Yatesseemed to be in very good position to become the first British rider to win, winning 3 individual stages and holding the Maglia Rosa from Stage 6 onwards, with Dumoulin lying second overall for much of the race. However, on Stage 19, Yates cracked andChris Froomethen launched an audacious 80 km solo breakaway, attacking the small group of leaders including Dumoulin on theCima Coppiof the 2018 Giro, the graveled climb of theColle delle Finestre,he continued to extend his lead over theSestriereand to the summit finish ofBardonecchiaand overturned a more than three minute deficit to take both the pink jersey, the Cima Coppi prize and the mountains classification. The solo win, and the simultaneous implosion of Yates, who lost more than 30 minutes on the day having lost contact on the first climb of the day, was described as "one of the most extraordinary days in Giro d'Italia history".[59]Froome became the first British rider to ever win the Giro, as well as the first rider since 1983 to hold all three Grand Tour titles simultaneously, as well as becoming the seventh man to have completed the career Grand Tour grand slam.[60]

In2019Richard Carapaz,from Ecuador, became the first rider from his country to win the race.

In2020,theCOVID-19 pandemicforced the postponement of the Giro to October, marking the only time in history that the Giro was not raced in May or June. This race was won byTao Geoghegan Hart,making him the second British rider to win the race; then in the2021editionEgan Bernalbecame the second Colombian to ever win and in2022Jai Hindleybecame the first ever Australian to win.[61]

Tadej Pogačarwearing the Maglia Rosa at the2024 Giro d'Italia.

The2023 Giro d'Italiawas won by SlovenianPrimož Roglič,who took the lead fromGeraint Thomason the penultimate stage, a mountain time trial to Monte Lussari, near the Italian border withSlovenia.Even though he suffered a dropped chain on the climb, Roglič was able to gain 40 seconds on Thomas to move into the overall lead.[62]He held onto it on the final, largely ceremonial stage into Rome to win the Giro d'Italia for the first time in his career.[63]

In2024,Tadej Pogačar,from Slovenia, won the race on his debut. He narrowly lost out on the lead after the first stage toJhonatan Narváez,[64]but took the pink jersey on the second stage and held it until the end. Pogačar executed a dominant victory, with a winning margin of almost 10 minutes, themountains classificationand 6 stage wins.[65]The winning margin of 9:56 over his closest competitor,Daniel Martínezwas the biggest since the1965 editionand the fourth largest in the post-World War IIera. Pogačar went on to win the2024 Tour de France,becoming the first rider to win both the Giro and Tour in the same year sinceMarco Pantaniin 1998.[66]

Classifications

edit
Main article:List of Giro d'Italia classification winners
Jerseys of the2011 Giro d'Italia

A few riders from each team aim to win overall but there are three further competitions to draw riders of all specialties: points,[10]mountains,[10]and a classification for young riders with general classification aspirations.[10]The oldest of the four classifications is the general classification.[3][10]The leader of each aforementioned classifications wears a distinctive jersey.[10]If a rider leads more than one classification that awards, he wears the jersey of the most prestigious classification.[10]The abandoned jersey is worn by the rider who is second in the competition.[10]

General classification

edit
Main article:General classification in the Giro d'Italia
ThePink Jersey(Italian:Maglia rosa) worn by the leader of the general classification

The most sought after classification in the Giro d'Italia is the general classification.[3]All of the stages are timed to the finish, and after finishing the riders' times are compounded with their previous stage times, so the rider with the lowest aggregate time is the leader of the race.[3][10]The leader is determined after each stage's conclusion. The leader of the race also has the privilege to wear the race leader's pink jersey.[3][10]The jersey is presented to the leader rider on a podium in the stage's finishing town. If a rider is leading more than one classification that awards a jersey, he will wear the maglia rosa since the general classification is the most important one in the race. The lead can change after each stage.

The color pink was chosen as the magazine that created the Giro,La Gazzetta dello Sport,printed its newspapers on pink paper.[10][13]The pink jersey was added to the race in the1931 editionand it has since become a symbol of the Giro d'Italia.[3][13]The first rider to wear the pink jersey wasLearco Guerra.[3][13]Riders usually try to make the extra effort to keep the jersey for as long as possible in order to get more publicity for the team and the sponsor(s) of the team.Eddy Merckxwore the jersey for 78 stages, more than any other rider in the history of the Giro d'Italia.[67][68][69]Three riders have won the general classification five times in their career:Alfredo Binda,Fausto Coppi,and Eddy Merckx.[70]

The general classification winner was not always determined by a time system. In theinaugural Giro d'Italiathe organizers chose to have a points system over a system based around elapsed time after the scandal that engulfed the1904 Tour de France.[5]In addition to that, the organizers chose the point system since it would be cheaper to count the placings of the riders rather than clocking the riders during each stage.[5]The race leader was calculated by adding up each rider's placings in each stage and the rider with the lowest total was the leader; if a rider placed second in the first stage and third in the second stage, he would have five points total. The system was modifieda year laterto give the riders who placed 51st or higher in a stage 51 points and keep the point distribution system the same for the riders who placed 1st through 50th in a stage.[71]The calculation remained unmodified until1912where the organizers chose to have the race be centered around teams, while still keeping the point system.[72]Thenext yearrace organizers chose to revert to the system used in 1911.[72]In1914,the organizers shifted to the system used nowadays, where riders would have their finishing times for each stage totaled together to determine the overall leader.[73]

These are the time bonuses that the riders receive for crossing the lines in the first few positions:[74]

Type 1st 2nd 3rd
Flat finish 10″ 6″ 4″
Intermediate Sprint 3″ 2″ 1″

Mountains classification

edit
Main article:Mountains classification in the Giro d'Italia
Julián Arredondowearing the Blue Jersey at the2014 Giro d'Italia.

The mountains classification is the second oldest jersey awarding classification in the Giro d'Italia. The mountains classification was added to the Giro d'Italia in1933 Giro d'Italiaand was first won byAlfredo Binda.[13][75]During mountain stages of the race, points are awarded to the rider who is first to reach the top of each significant climb.[13]Points are also awarded for riders who closely follow the leader up each climb.[13]The number of points awarded varies according to the hill classification, which is determined by the steepness and length of the course.[10][13]

The climbers' jersey is worn by the rider who, at the start of each stage, has the largest number of climbing points.[13]If a rider leads two or more of the categories, the climbers' jersey is worn by the rider in second, or third, place in that contest.[10]At the end of the Giro, the rider holding the most climbing points wins the classification.[10]In fact, some riders, particularly those who are neither sprinters nor particularly good at time-trialing, may attempt only to win this particular competition within the race. The Giro has four categories of mountains. They range from category 4, the easiest, to category 1, the hardest. There is also theCima Coppi,the highest point reached in a particular Giro, which is worth more points than the race's other first-category climbs.[10]Gino Bartali has won the mountains classification a record seven times.[70]

The classification awarded no jersey to the leader until the1974 Giro d'Italia,when the organizers decided to award a green jersey to the leader.[13]The green jersey was used until2012,when the classification's sponsor,Banca Mediolanum,renewed its sponsorship for another four years and desired the jersey to be blue rather than green.[76]

The point distribution for the mountains is as follows:[77]

Type 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th
Cima Coppi 45 30 20 14 10 6 4 2 1
First Category 35 18 12 9 6 4 2 1
Second Category 15 8 6 4 2 1
Third Category 7 4 2 1
Fourth Category 3 2 1

Points classification

edit
Main article:Points classification in the Giro d'Italia
Jonathan Milanwearing theMaglia ciclaminoat the2023 Giro d'Italia.

The points classification is the third oldest of the four jersey current awarding classifications in the Giro d'Italia. It was introduced in the1966 Giro d'Italiaand was first won byGianni Motta.[13][78]Points are given to the rider who is first to reach the end of, or determined places during, any stage of the Giro. The red jersey is worn by the rider who at the start of each stage, has the largest number of points.[13]The rider who, at the end of the Giro, holds the most points, wins the points competition. Each stage win, regardless of the stage's categorization, awards 25 points, second place is worth 20 points, third 16, fourth 14, fifth 12, sixth 10, and one point less per place down the line, to a single point for fifteenth.[74]This means that a true sprinter might not always win the points classification. The classification was added to draw the participation of the sprinters. The classification has been won four times by two riders:Francesco MoserandGiuseppe Saronni.[70]

In addition, stages can have one or more intermediate sprints: 8, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1 point(s) are/is awarded to the first six cyclists passing these lines.[74]These points also count toward the TV classification (Traguardo Volante,or "flying sprint" ), a separate award.[74]

The first year the points classification was used, it had no jersey that was given to the leader of the classification. In the1967 Giro d'Italia,the red jersey was added for the leader of the classification.[13]However, in1969the red jersey was changed to a cyclamen (purple) colored jersey.[10][13]It remained that color until2010when the organizers chose to change the jersey back to the color red in a return to the original color scheme for the three minor classifications, which reflected the colors of the Italian flag.[79]However, in April 2017RCS Sport,the organisers of the Giro, announced that themaglia ciclaminowould be revived for the2017 Giro d'Italia.[80]

The point distribution for the sprints are as follows:[74]

Type 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th
Finish/Time Trial 25 20 16 14 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Intermediate sprint 8 6 4 3 2 1

Young rider classification

edit
Main article:Young rider classification in the Giro d'Italia
Fabio Aruwearing the White Jersey at the2014 Giro d'Italia.

The young rider classification is restricted to riders who are no older than 25 during that calendar year.[10][81]The leader of the classification is determined the same way as the general classification, with the riders' times being added up after each stage and the eligible rider with lowest aggregate time is dubbed the leader.[10][81]This classification was added to the Giro d'Italia in the1976 edition,withAlfio Vandibeing the first to win the classification after placing seventh overall.[81]The classification was not contested between the years of 1995 and 2006.[10]The classification was reintroduced in the2007,and has been in each Giro since.[10][81]The Giro d'Italia awards a white jersey to the leader of the classification.[81]Evgeni Berzin,Nairo QuintanaandTao Geoghegan Hartwon the young rider classification and the general classification in the same year: in1994,2014and2020.[81]Four riders have won the young rider classification twice in their respective careers:Vladimir Poulnikov,Pavel Tonkov,Bob JungelsandMiguel Ángel López.

Team classifications

edit

There are two team classifications that are contested at the Giro d'Italia: theTrofeo Fast Teamand theTrofeo Super Team.TheTrofeo Fast Teamis the older of the two as it was introduced in thefirst Giro d'Italia.It was first won byAtala.TheTrofeo Fast Teamis determined by adding the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage; the leading team is the team with the lowest total time.[10]The classification was simply called the team classification in each edition until the organizers changed it to theTrofeo Fast Teamfor the1994 Giro d'Italia.Team Skywon theTrofeo Fast Teamclassification in2018.

TheTrofeo Super Teamwas introduced at the1993 Giro d'Italia.The nameTrofeo Super Teamwas adopted for the 1994 edition of the Giro and been used ever since. The classification was first won byAriosteain 1993. The classification is a team points classification, with the top 20 placed riders on each stage earning points (20 for first place, 19 for second place and so on, down to a single point for 20th) for their team. The Trofeo Super Team classification was discontinued in 2017, when it was won byQuick-Step Floors.

Minor classifications

edit

Other less well-known classifications, whose leaders did not receive a special jersey, are awarded during the Giro. These awards were based on points earned throughout the three weeks of the tour.[10]Eachmass-startstage had one intermediate sprint, theTraguardo Volante,or TV. The TV gave bonus seconds towards the general classification, points towards the regular points classification, and also points towards the TV classification. This award was known by various names in previous years, and was previously time-based.[10]In2013this classification was renamed to the sprints classification and was won byRafael Andriato.

Other awards include the Combativity classification, which was a compilation of points gained for position on crossing intermediate sprints, mountain passes and stage finishes.[10]It was won byMark Cavendishin 2013. The Azzurri d'Italia classification is based on finishing order; however, points were awarded only to the top three finishers in each stage.[10]It was also most recently won by Mark Cavendish. Additionally, theTrofeo Fuga Pinarellorewarded riders who took part in a breakaway at the head of the field, each rider in an escape of ten or fewer riders getting one point for each kilometre that the group stayed clear.[10]Vini Fantini–Selle Italia's Rafael Andriato was first in this competition in 2013. Teams were given penalty points for minor technical infringements.[10]Several teams tied for the Fair Play classification in 2018 (and also in2021), not receiving any points (the team's best placed rider in the General Classification then serves as a tie-breaker[82]).

Defunct classifications

edit

In1946themaglia nera(black jersey) was introduced and awarded the cyclist who was last in the general classification.[83]Riders sometimes deliberately wasted time in order to become last overall and so wear the black jersey.[83]The classification was short lived, as it was last contested in the1951 Giro d'Italia.[83]The classification was won twice by Luigi Malabrocca, who won the classification in 1946 and1947.The last winner of the maglia nera was Giovanni Pinarello.

Theintergiro classificationwas introduced in1989and first won by Yugoslavian Jure Pavlič.[13][84]In each stage there would be a point, before the finish, where the riders would be timed until they crossed the line.[13]The times from each stage would then be added together for each rider to determine the leader of the classification. The leader of the classification was awarded a blue jersey.[85]The classification was run each year since its addition until2005.[84]The last winner of the classification wasStefano Zanini.Fabrizio Guidiwon the classification three times, the most by any rider. Guidi won the classification in1996,1999,and2000.[84]

There was also acombination classificationthat was introduced in the1985 Giro d'Italiaand was first won byUrs Freuler.[86]The classification was discontinued after the1988 Giro d'Italia.For the 1988 edition of the Giro, the classification awarded a blue jersey.[87]However, the classification was reintroduced for the2006 Giro d'Italiaand was won byPaolo Savoldelli.[88]The classification was not brought back in the2007 Giro d'Italia.

The race

edit

The Giro d'Italia contains either 21 or 20 stages and a prologue (an individual time trial under 8 km (5 mi) in length) and two or three rest days.[74][89]There are three types of stages that are used in the Giro d'Italia: the mass-start stages,individual time trials,andteam time trials.[74][90]The mass-start stages make up most of the 21 racing days of each year's Giro d'Italia,[90]there are usually two time trials in each edition of the Giro d'Italia, and sometimes three if there is a prologue or team time trial. In mass start stages there are time bonuses of ten, six and four seconds for the first three finishers, and, in some years, bonuses of three, two and one seconds at intermediate sprints.[74][90]

ItaliansprinterMario Cipolliniholds the record of 42 stage victories.[91][92]

Some of the 48 hairpin turns near the top of the eastern ramp of theStelvio Pass

The Giro d'Italia is known for its steep and difficult climbs. Each race features a few stages that contain many climbs of high severity. The race traditionally passes through theAlpswith some of the longest climbs in theDolomites.The first Alpine pass included was theSestrierein1911.[93]The Dolomites were first included in the Giro in1937,when the race crossed over theRolle Passand thePasso di Costalunga.[94][95]Some of the most famous mountains used in the Giro are thePasso dello Stelvio,[96]Passo Pordoi,and thePasso di Gavia.Since1965the highest point in the Giro d'Italia has been dubbed theCima Coppiin honor of the great Italian climberFausto Coppi.[97]

Riders at the2013 Giro d'Italiafaced snowy conditions whilst passing through the Alps

The first Giro time trial was over 62 km (39 mi) between Bologna and Ferrara in1933and was won byAlfredo Binda.[75]A time trial is sometimes used as the penultimate or final stage, and some editions have featured a mountain time trial stage. The first stage in modern Giros is often a short trial, aprologue,to decide who wears pink on the opening day. The first prologue occurred in the1968 Giro d'Italia.[25]The route stretched 5.7 km (4 mi) around the streets ofCampione d'Italiaand was won by the FrenchmanCharly Grosskost.[25]The riders raced the course in an unusual format, with the riders racing in ten groups of thirteen and the time not being counted towards their overall time.[25]

The first team time trial occurred in the1937 Giro d'Italia[95]and was won by the Italian team, Legnano.[95][98][99]The course was 60 km (37 mi) in length and stretched fromViareggiotoMarina di Massa.[95][99]

The Giro takes place mainly in Italy, but some stages have departure or conclusion locations in, or pass through, the neighboring countries of San Marino, France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia and Vatican City State. The other countries visited, usually in connection with the opening stages of the race, are Belgium, Luxembourg, Croatia, Denmark, Ireland, Germany, Greece, Israel, Netherlands, Monaco and the United Kingdom.

The start and finish of the Giro

edit
Main article:List of Giro d'Italia Grande Partenzas
Gilberto Simoniin2010riding thestage 1 time trialthat navigated throughAmsterdam

For nearly half a century, the Giro started and finished byMilan,the city where the headquarters of theGazzetta dello Sportis located.[100][101]In1911these events took place inRometo celebrate the 50thanniversary of Italy's unification.[93]With the occasional exception, the start and finish in Milan were the standard for the Giro d'Italia. However, since the 1960s the place of departure has changed each year[102]and finishes in cities such asVerona,Brescia,Trieste,Turinand Rome have become more frequent.

The start of the Giro d'Italia (La Grande Partenza) is a significant occasion and cities invest heavily, hoping to recoup the cost in tourism, exposure and other benefits: Denmark spent an estimated $3.86 million to host the opening stages of the 2012 edition.[103]

Starts outside Italy

edit
TheOmega Pharma–Quick-Stepteam at the team presentation for the2012 Giro d'ItaliainHerning,Denmark

For the first 47 editions of the race, the race started on Italian soil. In1965the race made its first foreign start inSan Marino,and has since had twelve more foreign starts.[103][104]The 2018 start inJerusalemwas met withcontroversyas activists called for the race to be moved, claiming that the race whitewashesIsrael's human rights record.[105][106]Ultimately, the race went ahead as scheduled and every team selected for the Giro took part, including two teams of Arabic ownership: the Bahrain-Mérida team and the United Arab Emirates team.[107]The intended start of the2020 raceinHungarywas cancelled due to theCOVID-19 pandemic.[108]

Foreign starts of the Giro[103][109]
Year Country City Ref(s).
1965 San Marino City of San Marino [110][111]
1966 Monaco Monte Carlo [110][111]
1973 Belgium Verviers [110][111]
1974 Vatican City Vatican City [110][111]
1996 Greece Athens [110][111]
1998 France Nice [110][111]
2002 Netherlands Groningen [111]
2006 Belgium Seraing [111]
2010 Netherlands Amsterdam [111]
2012 Denmark Herning [74][111]
2014 Northern Ireland Belfast [111][112]
2016 Netherlands Apeldoorn [113][114]
2018 Israel Jerusalem [115]
2022 Hungary Budapest [116]

Media coverage

edit

The Giro is broadcast throughout Europe, and also available in other areas throughout the globe:

  • Europe — Eurosport
  • Italy — Rai Sport
  • France — L’Equipe TV
  • United States —HBO Max[117]
edit

A women's edition of the Giro –Giro d'Italia Women– has been staged since 1988.[118]Part of theUCI Women's World Tour,it is the longest race in women's professional cycling, usually taking place over eight to ten days.[119]Since 2024, the race has been organised by RCS Sport, who also organise the men's race.[120]

An under 23 edition of the Giro was first staged in 1970. Currently branded asGiro Next Gen,this race is also organised by RCS Sport.[120]

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^Juliet Macur (29 May 2015)."'Gironimo!' and 'Lanterne Rouge'".The New York Times.
  2. ^Stephen Farrand (13 March 2016)."Nibali could skip Giro d'Italia due to risk of mountain stage cancellations".Cycling News.
  3. ^abcdefghijklGregg Seltzer (26 May 2011)."The History of the Giro d'Italia".Livestrong.Retrieved30 July2012.
  4. ^abc"Tour d'Italie ou Giro d'Italia"[Tour of Italy or Giro d'Italia] (in French). Larousse.fr. 30 March 2012.Retrieved10 August2012.
  5. ^abcdefghijBill and Carol McGann."1909 Giro d'Italia".Bike Race Info.Dog Ear Publishing.Retrieved10 July2012.
  6. ^"RCS Sport".RCSMediaGroup.RCS MediaGroup S.p.A. 24 January 2013. Archived fromthe originalon 18 February 2013.Retrieved20 June2013.
  7. ^"2012 – 2013 UCI Road Calendar".Union Cycliste Internationale. Archived fromthe originalon 17 February 2009.Retrieved6 June2013.
  8. ^Nigel Wynn (2 November 2011)."UCI WorldTour calendar 2012".Cycling Weekly.IPC Media Limited.Retrieved6 August2012.
  9. ^"Million dollar, baby!".Cycling News.Future Publishing Limited. 12 January 2007.Retrieved21 May2011.
  10. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaLaura Weislo (13 May 2008)."Giro d'Italia classifications demystified".Cycling News.Future Publishing Limited.Retrieved27 August2009.
  11. ^abLeslie Reissner (23 June 2011)."The Giro d'Italia: Don't Go Home Yet!".PezCycling News.Retrieved27 May2012.
  12. ^abcdeFotheringham, William(30 June 2003)."The Heroic Age".Century of Cycling: The Classic Races and Legendary Champions.London, England, United Kingdom: MBI Publishing Company. pp.103–104.ISBN978-0-7603-1553-8.Retrieved17 July2012.
  13. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvw"History".La Gazzetta dello Sport.RCS MediaGroup. Archived fromthe originalon 9 May 2005.Retrieved15 September2010.
  14. ^ab"La Vuelta De Italia"[The Giro d'Italia].El Mundo Deportivo(in Spanish). 10 June 1909. p. 3.Retrieved27 May2012.
  15. ^Castelnovi, Giuseppe (9 June 2001)."qual e' stato il giro d' italia piu' lungo, e quale il piu' breve?".La Gazzetta dello Sport(in Italian).Retrieved6 September2010.
  16. ^"Giro d'Italia: In numbers".Eurosport. 6 May 2011.Retrieved17 July2011.
  17. ^Gallagher, Brendan (7 May 2009)."Giro d'Italia celebrates centenary year".The Daily Telegraph.London.Archivedfrom the original on 12 January 2022.Retrieved4 September2010.
  18. ^Stanley, Alessandra (6 May 2000)."Gino Bartali, 85, a Hero in Italy For His Cycling Championships".The New York Times.New York City.Retrieved5 September2010.
  19. ^Fotheringham 2010,p. 37
  20. ^Henderson, Greg (15 May 2009)."50 Giro facts you need to know".Cycling News.Future Publishing Limited.Retrieved5 September2010.
  21. ^Howard 2008,p. 133.
  22. ^McGann & McGann 2011,pp. 222–226.
  23. ^"Jacques Anquetil".The Daily Telegraph.London. 12 May 2010.Retrieved17 July2011.
  24. ^Sykes 2008,p. 35
  25. ^abcdefgMcGann, Bill; McGann, Carol."1968 Giro d'Italia".Bike Race Info.Dog Ear Publishing.Retrieved6 August2012.
  26. ^"Giro d'Italia"[Tour of Italy].El Mundo Deportivo(in Spanish). 13 June 1968. p. 18.Retrieved27 May2012.
  27. ^abcMcGann, Bill; McGann, Carol."1969 Giro d'Italia".Bike Race Info.Dog Ear Publishing.Retrieved6 August2012.
  28. ^"Esperada Victoria Final Del Italiano Gimondi"[Expected Final Victory of Italian Gimondi].El Mundo Deportivo(in Spanish). Milan, Italy. 9 June 1969. p. 20.Retrieved27 May2012.
  29. ^abcMcGann, Bill; McGann, Carol."1970 Giro d'Italia".Bike Race Info.Dog Ear Publishing.Retrieved6 August2012.
  30. ^"Merckx Rubrico Su Previsto Triunfo"[Merckx Rubric Your Intended Triumph].El Mundo Deportivo(in Spanish). Bolzano, Italy. 8 June 1970. p. 30.Retrieved27 May2012.
  31. ^abcdMcGann, Bill; McGann, Carol."1971 Giro d'Italia".Bike Race Info.Dog Ear Publishing.Retrieved6 August2012.
  32. ^ab"Gösta Pettersson Gano El" Giro ""[Gösta Pettersson wins the "Tour" ].El Mundo Deportivo(in Spanish). Milan, Italy. 11 June 1971. p. 17.Retrieved27 May2012.
  33. ^McGann, Bill; McGann, Carol."1972 Giro d'Italia".Bike Race Info.Dog Ear Publishing.Retrieved6 August2012.
  34. ^"Detras de Merckx... ¡Solo Los Españoles!"[Behind Merckx... Only the Spanish!].El Mundo Deportivo(in Spanish). Milan, Italy. 12 June 1972. p. 25.Retrieved27 May2012.
  35. ^McGann, Bill; McGann, Carol."1973 Giro d'Italia".Bike Race Info.Dog Ear Publishing.Retrieved6 August2012.
  36. ^"Merckx, <<Maglia Rosa>> De Principio A Fin"[Merckx, <<Pink Jersey>> From Beginning to End].El Mundo Deportivo(in Spanish). Trieste, Italy. 10 June 1973. p. 19.Retrieved27 May2012.
  37. ^"Grand Tour Doubles – Bernard Hinault".Cycle Sport.Retrieved17 July2011.
  38. ^abcMcGann, Bill; McGann, Carol."1987 Giro d'Italia".Bike Race Info.Dog Ear Publishing.Retrieved6 August2012.
  39. ^"Visentini: La Contrarreloj Consagra"[Visentini: The Time Trial consecrates](PDF).El Mundo Deportivo(in Spanish). 5 June 1987. p. 43.Retrieved27 May2012.
  40. ^Eugenio Capodacqua (10 May 2007)."La storia del Giro d'Italia"[The history of the Tour of Italy].La Repubblica(in Italian).Archivedfrom the original on 24 December 2007.Retrieved27 December2007.
  41. ^John Wilcockson (27 May 2012)."From the pages of Velo: Hampsten's Giro: 'I was so happy to survive'".VeloNews.p. 1.Retrieved23 June2012.
  42. ^"Rominger: Revancha A Lo Campeon"[Rominger: Revenge To The Champion](PDF).El Mundo Deportivo(in Spanish). 5 June 1988. p. 36.Retrieved27 May2012.
  43. ^Peter Hymas (4 May 2011)."Giro d'Italia: Anglophone Invasion".Cycling News.Retrieved1 October2012.
  44. ^Samuel Abt (13 June 1988)."U.S. Cyclist Captures Tour of Italy".The New York Times.Associated Press.p. 22.Retrieved22 June2012.
  45. ^"Giro d'Italia, Grand Tour. Italy, May 16 – June 7, 1998".cyclingnews. May 1998.Retrieved16 December2011.
  46. ^ab"Grand Tour Doubles – Marco Pantani".cyclesportmag.Retrieved16 December2011.
  47. ^"Stage 17 Brief, Giro d'Italia, Grand Tour".cyclingnews. May 1998.Retrieved16 December2011.
  48. ^"Stage 18 Brief, Giro d'Italia, Grand Tour".cyclingnews. May 1998.Retrieved16 December2011.
  49. ^"cyclingnews presents".autobus.cyclingnews. 7 June 1998.Retrieved20 May2012.
  50. ^"PLUS: CYCLING – TOUR OF ITALY; Pantani on Verge Of Clinching Race".The New York Times.7 June 1998.Retrieved16 December2011.
  51. ^"Stage 22 Brief, Giro d'Italia, Grand Tour".cyclingnews. May 1998.Retrieved16 December2011.
  52. ^McGann, Bill; McGann, Carol."1998 Giro d'Italia".Bike Race Info.Dog Ear Publishing.Retrieved6 August2012.
  53. ^abcdMcGann, Bill; McGann, Carol."1999 Giro d'Italia".Bike Race Info.Dog Ear Publishing.Retrieved6 August2012.
  54. ^"Alberto Contador wins 2011 Giro d'Italia".BBC Sport.29 May 2011.Retrieved29 May2011.
  55. ^Fotheringham, William (6 February 2012)."Alberto Contsdor gets two-year ban and stripped of 2010 Tour de France".The Guardian.Retrieved6 February2012.
  56. ^Farrand, Stephen (16 May 2017)."Giro d'Italia: Dumoulin surges to pink in stage 10 time trial".Cyclingnews.Immediate Media Company.Retrieved16 May2017.
  57. ^Robertshaw, Henry (20 May 2017)."Tom Dumoulin distances Nairo Quintana on summit finish to extend Giro d'Italia lead".Cycling Weekly.Time Inc. UK.Retrieved20 May2017.
  58. ^"Giro d'Italia – Stage 19".procyclingstats.Retrieved2 June2017.
  59. ^Giro d'Italia: Froome wins stunning stage 19 to take pink jersey – as it happened.
  60. ^"Chris Froome wins Giro d'Italia in Rome to join cycling's exclusive club".Guardian.27 May 2018.Retrieved31 May2018.
  61. ^Nehr, Zach (31 May 2022)."Power Analysis: How Jai Hindley Won the Giro d'Italia".Velo News by Outside Magazine.Retrieved29 June2022.
  62. ^Whittle, Jeremy (27 May 2023)."Primoz Roglic set to win Giro d'Italia after seizing lead from Geraint Thomas".The Guardian.Retrieved27 June2023.
  63. ^Whittle, Jeremy (28 May 2023)."Mark Cavendish wins final stage of Giro d'Italia as Roglic takes overall victory".The Guardian.Retrieved27 June2023.
  64. ^"Giro d'Italia: Narvaez wins opening stage with Pogacar third".BBC Sport.4 May 2024.Retrieved26 May2024.
  65. ^"Giro d'Italia: Tadej Pogacar secures race win on debut as Geraint Thomas finishes third".BBC Sport.26 May 2024.Retrieved26 May2024.
  66. ^Rindl, Joe (21 July 2024)."Tour de France 2024: Tadej Pogacar wins third title with time trial victory".BBC Sport.British Broadcasting Corporation.Retrieved22 July2024.
  67. ^VeloNews (17 June 2005)."Happy Birthday, Eddy!".VeloNews.Competitor Group, Inc. Archived fromthe originalon 10 May 2015.Retrieved23 June2012.
  68. ^VeloNews (15 March 2012)."Giro d'Italia Hall of Fame inducts Eddy Merckx as its first member".VeloNews.Competitor Group, Inc.Retrieved23 June2012.
  69. ^"The Belgian Italians couldn't resist – Eddy Merckx".Cycling News.Future Publishing Limited. 28 May 2011. Archived fromthe originalon 27 February 2014.Retrieved1 October2012.
  70. ^abc"Giro d'Italia 2009"(PDF).Infostrada sports. 2009. p. 187. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 17 December 2010.Retrieved29 June2011.
  71. ^McGann, Bill; McGann, Carol."1910 Giro d'Italia".Bike Race Info.Dog Ear Publishing.Retrieved6 August2012.
  72. ^abMcGann, Bill; McGann, Carol."1913 Giro d'Italia".Bike Race Info.Dog Ear Publishing.Retrieved6 August2012.
  73. ^McGann, Bill; McGann, Carol."1914 Giro d'Italia".Bike Race Info.Dog Ear Publishing.Retrieved6 August2012.
  74. ^abcdefghi"Formula and Itinerary"(PDF).Gazzetta della Sport. 2012. pp. 6–7.Archived(PDF)from the original on 15 May 2012.Retrieved29 June2012.
  75. ^abMcGann, Bill; McGann, Carol."1933 Giro d'Italia".Bike Race Info.Dog Ear Publishing.Retrieved6 August2012.
  76. ^Cycling News (17 December 2011)."Blue Mountains Jersey For 2012 Giro D'Italia".Cycling News.Future Publishing Limited.Retrieved20 June2013.
  77. ^"Giro dItalia 2015 Preview: The Mountain Classification".Cycling updates.5 May 2015. Archived fromthe originalon 12 May 2015.
  78. ^McGann, Bill; McGann, Carol."1966 Giro d'Italia".Bike Race Info.Dog Ear Publishing.Retrieved6 August2012.
  79. ^Cycling News (15 January 2010)."2010 Giro jersey presented in Florence".Cycling News.Future Publishing Limited.Archivedfrom the original on 18 January 2010.Retrieved20 June2013.
  80. ^"Giro d'Italia revives Ciclamino jersey for points classification – News shorts".cyclingnews.18 April 2017.Retrieved12 May2019.
  81. ^abcdefGregor Brown (4 December 2006)."First Edition Cycling News for December 4, 2006".Cycling News.Future Publishing Limited.Retrieved30 July2012.
  82. ^"Regulations"(PDF).Giro d'Italia. 2014. pp. 19–20. Archived fromthe originalon 28 November 2020.Retrieved31 March2021.C – «MULTIPOWER» FAIR PLAY PRIZE... In the event of a tie, the separation for the placing is the ranking in the general classification of the team's best rider.
  83. ^abc"Giro, la Maglia nera diventa Numero nero"[The Giro, the black jersey becomes the black number].La Gazzetta dello Sport(in Italian). Milan, Italy: RCS MediaGroup. 11 January 2008.Retrieved4 August2012.
  84. ^abc"91st Giro d'Italia – GT".Cycling News.Future Publishing Limited. 1 June 2008.Retrieved20 June2013.
  85. ^"Giro d'Italia, Intergiro-Wertung".Radsport-seite.de.Retrieved4 August2012.
  86. ^"Hinault: Tres Vidas En Rosa"[Hinault: Three Lives in Pink].El Mundo Deportivo(in Spanish). 10 June 1985. p. 34.Retrieved27 May2012.
  87. ^Richard Pestes (1 December 2007)."Giro 1988: Andy's Epic Day".PezCycling News.Retrieved27 May2012.
  88. ^Anthony Tan (28 May 2006).""Seven key moments"; Mission 1 of 2 complete ".Cycling News.Future Publishing Limited.Retrieved20 June2013.
  89. ^UCI Cycling Regulations, Part II: Road Races(Report).UCI.1 February 2012. p. 40. Archived fromthe originalon 23 June 2011.
  90. ^abc"Tour de France: Time Trials, Mountains Stages, Prologues, and More – For Dummies".Dummies. 7 November 2008.Retrieved6 August2012.
  91. ^"Giro d'Italia – Giro d'Italia: In numbers".Eurosport.Yahoo! and Eurosport. 6 May 2011.Retrieved13 August2011.
  92. ^Fabio (9 November 2003)."87th Giro d'Italia: a bit of History".dailypeloton. Archived fromthe originalon 24 March 2010.Retrieved29 October2007.
  93. ^abMcGann, Bill; McGann, Carol."1911 Giro d'Italia".Bike Race Info.Dog Ear Publishing.Retrieved6 August2012.
  94. ^"Le Giro a 100 ans"[The Giro d'Italia is 100 Years Old].larousse.fr(in French). Archived fromthe originalon 13 February 2013.Retrieved16 September2010.
  95. ^abcdMcGann, Bill; McGann, Carol."1937 Giro d'Italia".Bike Race Info.Dog Ear Publishing.Retrieved6 August2012.
  96. ^Daniel Friebe (25 May 2012)."The Stelvio: The sacred mountain of the Giro d'Italia".Cycling News.Future Publishing Limited.Retrieved30 July2012.
  97. ^McGann, Bill; McGann, Carol."1965 Giro d'Italia".Bike Race Info.Dog Ear Publishing.Retrieved6 August2012.
  98. ^Gregor Brown (9 May 2012)."Teams are ready for Giro's team time trial".Cycling Weekly.IPC Media Limited.Retrieved6 August2012.
  99. ^abJean-François Quénet (9 May 2012)."Farrar Only 10 Seconds Away From The Giro's Pink Jersey".Cycling News.Future Publishing Limited.Retrieved6 August2012.
  100. ^"Giro d'Italia".Milan Tourism.Milano City. 5 May 2012. Archived fromthe originalon 14 October 2013.Retrieved10 August2012.
  101. ^"27 May, Stage 21: Milan (ITT) 31.5 km".Cycling News.Future Publishing Limited. 30 April 2012.Retrieved19 July2012.
  102. ^Sheree (12 May 2012)."Friday Feature: Giro d'Italia starts on foreign soil".Velo Voices.Retrieved6 August2012.
  103. ^abcGregor Brown (15 December 2012)."Foreign grand tour starts are big business".VeloNews.Competitor Group, Inc. Archived fromthe originalon 21 July 2014.Retrieved23 June2012.
  104. ^Alasdair Fotheringham (5 May 2012)."The Most International Giro D'Italia Ever?".Cycling News.Future Publishing Limited.Retrieved20 August2012.
  105. ^"Comment: Why I will be boycotting the Giro's 2018 start in Jerusalem".10 October 2017. Archived fromthe originalon 11 February 2018.Retrieved6 May2018.
  106. ^Stokes, Shane (23 November 2017)."Human rights groups and others call on Giro d'Italia to abandon Israel start".Cyclingtips.
  107. ^Lungen, Paul; Reporter, Staff (1 May 2018)."Q&A with Sylvan Adams: the man who brought the Giro d'Italia to Israel".
  108. ^Bennett, Tom (13 March 2020)."Cycling News: First Three Stages of Giro d'Italia in Hungary Cancelled Due to Coronavirus Pandemic".Eurosport.
  109. ^Luca Gialanella (11 April 2011)."Il Giro è sempre più globale Nel 2012 il via dalla Danimarca"[The Giro is increasingly global in 2012 by Denmark].La Gazzetta dello Sport(in Italian). RCS MediaGroup.Retrieved10 July2012.
  110. ^abcdefFabio."Giro d'Italia Stage Detail".Daily Peloton.Archived fromthe originalon 18 August 2002.Retrieved6 August2012.
  111. ^abcdefghijkCycling News (21 February 2013)."Giro d'Italia confirmed start in Ireland for 2014".Cycling News.Future Publishing Limited.Retrieved21 February2013.
  112. ^"Giro to start in Ireland in 2014".ESPN. Associated Press. 21 February 2013.Retrieved21 February2013.
  113. ^"Giro 2016 start in Nederland".NOS.26 May 2014.Retrieved26 May2014.
  114. ^"Giro d'Italia 2016".La Gazetta.26 June 2015.Retrieved28 June2015.
  115. ^"Giro d'Italia, oggi il via a Gerusalemme: crono a pochi metri dal Santo Sepolcro".Il Messaggero.3 May 2018.Retrieved11 April2019.
  116. ^"Renaat Schotte over Giro 2022:" Klimmersronde die Tadej Pogacar wil verleiden ""[Renaat Schotte on Giro 2022: "Climbers' tour which wasn't to seduce Tadej Pogacar" ].sporza.be.12 November 2021.Retrieved12 November2021.
  117. ^"How to watch the 2024 Giro d'Italia".23 May 2024.
  118. ^"Giro d'Italia Donne - Past winners".cyclingnews.14 March 2022.Retrieved23 June2023.
  119. ^Atkins, Ben (3 December 2012)."Giro Donne 2013 under threat as race organiser steps down".velonation.Retrieved23 June2023.
  120. ^ab"I nostri eventi | RCS Sports & Events".RCS Sports and Events(in Italian).Retrieved31 January2024.

Works cited

edit
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related toGiro d'Italia.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giro_d%27Italia&oldid=1253416302"