Wikipedia

Glendale, California

For the community in Humboldt County, seeGlendale, Humboldt County, California.

Glendaleis a city in theSan Fernando Valley[10]andVerdugo Mountains[11]regions ofLos Angeles County, California,United States. At the2020 U.S. Censusthe population was 196,543,[7]up from 191,719 at the2010 census,[12]making it the 4th-most populous city in Los Angeles County and the24th-most populous city in California.It is located about 10 miles (16 km) north of downtownLos Angeles.

Glendale, California
City
Aerial view of Glendale with the Verdugo Mountains in the background
Aerial view of Glendale with theVerdugo Mountainsin the background
Americana at Brand
Americana at Brand
Highrises in Downtown Glendale
Highrises in Downtown Glendale
Holy Family Catholic Church
Holy Family Catholic Church
Grand Central Airport
Grand Central Airport
St. Mark's Episcopal Church
St. Mark's Episcopal Church
Flag of Glendale, California
Flag
Official seal of Glendale, California
Seal
Nickname:
Jewel City
Location within Los Angeles County
Location withinLos Angeles County
Glendale is located in California
Glendale
Glendale
Location within California
Glendale is located in the United States
Glendale
Glendale
Location within the United States
Coordinates:34°08′46″N118°15′18″W/ 34.14611°N 118.25500°W/34.14611; -118.25500
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
CountyLos Angeles
IncorporatedFebruary 15, 1906[1]
Government
• TypeCouncil-Manager[2]
•MayorElen Asatryan[2]
•City CouncilArdy Kassakhian
Vartan Gharpetian
Ara Najarian
Dan Brotman
•City TreasurerRafi Manoukian[3]
•City ManagerRoubik Golanian[4]
Area
[5]
• Total30.60 sq mi (79.25 km2)
• Land30.47 sq mi (78.92 km2)
• Water0.13 sq mi (0.33 km2) 0.43%
Elevation
[6]
522 ft (159 m)
Population
(2020)[7]
• Total196,543
• Rank4thin Los Angeles County
24thin California
138thin the United States
• Density6,450.4/sq mi (2,519.7/km2)
DemonymsGlendalian
Time zoneUTC−8(Pacific)
• Summer (DST)UTC−7(PDT)
ZIP Codes[8]
91201–91210, 91214, 91221, 91222, 91224–91226
Area code747 and 818
FIPS code06-30000
GNISfeature IDs1660679,2410597
Websiteglendaleca.gov

Glendale lies in the Verdugo Mountains, and is asuburbin theLos Angeles metropolitan area.The city is bordered to the northwest by theShadow HillsandTujunganeighborhoods of Los Angeles; to the northeast byLa Cañada Flintridgeand the unincorporated area ofLa Crescenta;to the west byBurbankandGriffith Park;to the east byEagle RockandPasadena;to the south by theAtwater Villageneighborhood of Los Angeles; and to the southeast byGlassell Parkneighborhood of Los Angeles. TheGolden State,Ventura,Glendale,andFoothillfreeways run through the city.

History

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Spanish rule

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In 1798,José María Verdugo,acorporalin the Spanish army fromBaja California,received theRancho San Rafaelfrom GovernorDiego de Borica,formalizing his possession and use of land on which he had been grazing livestock and farming since 1784. Rancho San Rafael was a Spanish concession, of which 25 were made in California. Unlike the later Mexican land grants, the concessions were similar to grazing permits, with the title remaining with the Spanish crown.[13]

TheCatalina Verdugo Adobeis the city's oldest building. It was built onRancho San Rafael,granted toJosé María Verdugoin 1784, which included all of modern-day Glendale.

Mexican rule

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New Spainachieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, and from 1824, Rancho San Rafael existed within the newMexican Republic.

1847 to present

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Mexican rule ended during the Mexican–American War: Americans took control from theCaliforniosafter a series of battles, culminating with the signing of theTreaty of Cahuengaon January 13, 1847.[14]With thecessionof California to the United States following theMexican–American War,the 1848Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgoprovided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim was filed with thePublic Land Commissionin 1852,[15]confirmed by the Commission in 1855, and the grant waspatentedto Julio and Catalina Verdugo in 1882.[16]

In 1860, José María Verdugo's grandsonTeodoro Verdugobuilt theCatalina Verdugo Adobe,which is the oldest building in Glendale. The property is the location of the Oak of Peace, where earlyCalifornioleaders includingPio Picomet in 1847 and decided to surrender toLieutenant ColonelJohn C. Frémont.

View of Glendale in the 1870s

Verdugo's descendants sold the ranch in various parcels, some of which are included in present-dayAtwater Village,Eagle Rock,andHighland Parkneighborhoods of Los Angeles.

In 1883, soon afterAtwater Villagewas settled, theAtwater Tract Officebrought train service to the area.[17]In 1884, residents gathered to form a townsite and chose the name "Glendale". It was bounded by First Street (now Le xing ton Drive) on the north, Fifth Street (now Harvard Street) on the south, Central Avenue on the west, and the Childs Tract on the east.[18]Residents to the southwest formedTropicoin 1887.[19]

Brand Street in Glendale – aGlendale–Burbank Linestreetcar stops to pick up and drop off passengers in 1915.

An important civicboosterof the era wasLeslie Coombs Brand(1859–1925), who built an estate in 1904 called El Miradero, featuring an eye-catching mansion, the architecture of which combined characteristics of Spanish, Moorish, and Indian styles, copied from the East Indian Pavilion at the 1893World's Columbian Expositionheld in Chicago, which he visited.

Brand partnered withHenry E. Huntingtonto bring thePacific ElectricRailway, or the "Red Cars", to the area. TheGlendale–Burbank Line,which was operational from 1904 to 1955, ran fromDowntown Los AngelestoBurbankvia Glendale. The dual-track streetcars entered the Glendale city limit by crossing San Fernando Road, and the line continued northerly in the pavement of Brand Boulevard, crossing Los Feliz Boulevard, Chevy Chase Boulevard, Colorado Boulevard, Broadway and Le xing ton Drive. The main line continued north to Verdugo Wash where the line became a single track. At Arden Junction at Glenoaks Boulevard, the line branched. The old main line continued north in the pavement of Brand Boulevard to a terminus in North Glendale at Mountain Avenue. The Burbank Line diverged westerly as a single-track line on private way in the center of Glenoaks Boulevard, then continued westerly past Central, Pacific, Highland, Western, and Alameda Avenues to a terminus in Burbank at Cypress Avenue.[20]

Brand loved to fly, and built a private airstrip in 1919 and hosted "fly-in" parties, providing a direct link to the soon-to-be-built nearbyGrand Central Airport.The grounds of El Miradero are now city-owned Brand Park and the mansion is the Brand Library, according to the terms of his will.[21]

The Forest Lawn Cemetery opened in 1906 and was renamedForest Lawn Memorial-Park[22]in 1917. Pioneeringendocrinologistand entrepreneurHenry R. Harroweropened his clinic in Glendale in 1920, which for many years was the largest business in the city.

In 1922, the Atwater Tract Office was demolished, and construction began on theGlendale Transportation Center.[23]

Old flag of Glendale

The city flag was adopted by Glendale on September 18, 1924, and was designed by Hugh A. Maron, who also won $100 for designing it. The flag was then changed to the current one (seen above) in 2001.

The American Green Cross, an earlyconservationand tree preservation society, was formed in 1926 (it disbanded three years later and the current organization of that name is unrelated).

The historicHotel Glendalewas built in the 1920s.

Grand Central Airportwas the departure point for the first commercial west-to-east transcontinental flight flown byCharles Lindbergh.

Sundown town status

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Until as late as the 1960s, Glendale was asundown town.Nonwhites were required to leave city limits by a certain time each day or risk arrest and possible violence.[24]In the 1930s, Glendale andBurbankprevented theCivilian Conservation Corpsfrom stationing African American workers in a local park, citing sundown town ordinances that both cities had adopted.[25]In 1964, Glendale was selected byGeorge Lincoln Rockwellto be the West Coast headquarters of theAmerican Nazi Party.After a legal battle with the city of Glendale, the party moved their headquarters toEl Montein 1966.[26][27]

The emergence of increasingly visible ethnic groups—includingArmenians,CubansandFilipinosandKoreans—changed the official discourse in Glendale. In 1972, C.E. Perkins, thencity manager,encouraged theRotary Club of Glendaleto prepare itself as the city could no longer remain isolated in an increasingly diverse America.[28]

Geography

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View of Glendale with theSan Gabriel Mountainsand theVerdugo Mountainsin the background

Glendale is located in the southeasternSan Fernando Valley.According to theUnited States Census Bureau,the city has a total area of 30.6 sq mi (79.212 km2); 30.5 square miles (79 km2) of it is land and 0.13 square miles (0.34 km2) of it (0.43%) is covered by water. Glendale is the fourth largest[29]city within Los Angeles County. It is bordered to the north by the foothill communities ofLa Cañada Flintridge,La Crescenta,andTujunga;to the south by theAtwater VillageandGlassell Parkcommunities incorporated by the city of Los Angeles; to the east byPasadenaandEagle Rock(also incorporated within Los Angeles); and to the west by Griffith Park and the city ofBurbank.Glendale is located 10 miles (16 km) north ofdowntown Los Angeles.[30]

Geology

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Several known earthquake faults criss-cross the Glendale area and adjacent mountains, as in much of Southern California. Among the more recognized faults are the Sierra Madre and Hollywood faults, situated in the city's northern and southwestern portions, respectively. Additionally, the Verdugo and Raymond faults intersect through the city's central and southeastern areas. The San Gabriel fault, meanwhile, is located northeast of the city. Roughly 75 miles (121 km) northeast of Glendale is a major portion of theSan Andreas Faultknown as the "Big Bend", where quake-recurrence tracking shows major activity roughly every 140–160 years. The closest portion of the San Andreas is actually 29 miles (47 km) from Glendale. The last major quake along the southern San Andreas was recorded in 1857.

Forest Lawn Memorial Parkand theVerdugo Mountains

In the1971 San Fernando earthquake,which took place along the western edge of the Sierra Madre Fault, surface ruptures were nearly 12 miles (19 km) long, including one portion a few miles northwest of Glendale. Most of the damage was in the northern San Fernando Valley, though 31 structures in Glendale suffered major damage and had to be demolished, plus numerous chimneys collapsed. The1994 Northridge earthquakehad an epicenter about 18 miles (29 km) from Glendale. The city suffered severe damage to a public parking structure and sections of theGlendale Galleriaparking structures and exterior columns incurred damages.[31]

Climate

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Glendale has aMediterranean climate(Köppen climate classification:Csa), with hot summers and mild winters with occasional rainfall. The highest recorded temperature in Glendale was 115 °F (46 °C) on September 6, 2020. The lowest recorded temperature was 17 °F (−8 °C) on February 15, 1990. The warmest month is August and the coolest month is January.

The annual average precipitation is just over 21 inches (530 mm), mostly falling between November and April. Rainfall totals are highly variable from year to year, with the wettest years (sometimes over 30 inches (760 mm) of rainfall) usually associated with warmEl Niñoconditions, and the drier years (sometimes under 10 inches (250 mm) of rainfall) with coolLa Niñaepisodes in the Pacific.

The hills and mountains of northern Glendale very rarely have snow, owing to its warmer temperatures during the winter. It may only occur about every five to ten years. The last time it snowed was February 26, 2011, in which snow accumulation of approximately 3 inches (7.6 cm) occurred and sleet was present. Frost sometimes occurs at night from late November to early March. Heavy rains and thunderstorms are also common during the winter. The spring brings temperate weather, with little rain. The summer is usually fairly warm, with highs from 85 °F (29 °C), to the low 100s (40 °C). Summer is usually very dry, but thunderstorms can come from Arizona, bringing high humidity into the area. These rare days cause heat indices over 120 °F (49 °C). Fall often brings clear and dry weather, but can be gusty due to the Santa Ana winds, blowing in once or twice a year from October to December. Santa Ana winds can reach up to 70 miles per hour (110 km/h), with gusts up to 100 miles per hour (160 km/h) in mountain passes and canyons. Thunderstorms occur very rarely and they are accompanied by gusty winds and hail.[32]

Climate data for Glendale, California
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 93
(34) 		92
(33) 		96
(36) 		105
(41) 		102
(39) 		110
(43) 		110
(43) 		107
(42) 		115
(46) 		110
(43) 		98
(37) 		93
(34) 		115
(46)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 68
(20) 		70
(21) 		70
(21) 		75
(24) 		76
(24) 		82
(28) 		87
(31) 		88
(31) 		86
(30) 		81
(27) 		74
(23) 		69
(21) 		77
(25)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 45
(7) 		47
(8) 		48
(9) 		51
(11) 		55
(13) 		59
(15) 		62
(17) 		63
(17) 		62
(17) 		56
(13) 		49
(9) 		45
(7) 		54
(12)
Record low °F (°C) 23
(−5) 		17
(−8) 		23
(−5) 		34
(1) 		37
(3) 		41
(5) 		45
(7) 		48
(9) 		44
(7) 		37
(3) 		29
(−2) 		26
(−3) 		17
(−8)
Averageprecipitationinches (mm) 3.74
(95) 		4.19
(106) 		3.56
(90) 		0.90
(23) 		0.34
(8.6) 		0.08
(2.0) 		0.02
(0.51) 		0.15
(3.8) 		0.35
(8.9) 		0.49
(12) 		1.26
(32) 		2.10
(53) 		17.17
(436)
Source 1:[33]
Source 2:[34]

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
19102,746—
192013,536392.9%
193062,736363.5%
194082,58231.6%
195095,70215.9%
1960119,44224.8%
1970132,66411.1%
1980139,0604.8%
1990180,03829.5%
2000194,9738.3%
2010191,719−1.7%
2020196,5432.5%
2022 (est.)189,221−3.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[35]2020 and 2022[7]

The2020 United States censusreported that Glendale had a population of 196,543. The age distribution was 22.9% under 18, 58.7% from 18 to 64, and 18.4% who were 65 or older.[36]

As of 2021, Glendale’s population includes:[37]

Race and ethnicity

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Glendale, California – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity(NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[38] Pop 2010[39] Pop 2020[40] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
Whitealone (NH) 105,597 117,929 122,519 54.16% 61.51% 62.34%
Black or African Americanalone (NH) 2,230 2,325 3,365 1.14% 1.21% 1.71%
Native AmericanorAlaska Nativealone (NH) 293 192 203 0.15% 0.10% 0.10%
Asianalone (NH) 31,227 31,073 29,461 16.02% 16.21% 14.99%
Pacific Islanderalone (NH) 143 105 120 0.07% 0.05% 0.06%
Other racealone (NH) 370 366 709 0.19% 0.19% 0.36%
Mixed race or Multiracial(NH) 16,661 6,315 6,591 8.55% 3.29% 3.35%
Hispanic or Latino(any race) 38,452 33,414 33,575 19.72% 17.43% 17.08%
Total 194,973 191,719 196,543 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Armenians

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See also:History of Armenian Americans in Los Angeles
Armenian genocidememorial

Glendale has one of the largest communities ofArmeniandescent in the United States.[41]

History
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Armenian families have lived in the city since the 1920s, but the surge in immigration escalated in the 1970s. Armenian Americans are well integrated into the city, with many businesses, several Armenian schools, and ethnic/cultural organizations serving this ethnic group.

Beginning in the late 1970s, as a result of theLebanese Civil Warand theIranian Revolution,a dramatic influx of Armenians began to arrive in Glendale.[42]

Beginning in the late 1980s, with assistance from family and friends already there, Armenians from the former Soviet Union began arriving.[30]In theGlendale Unified School District,by 1988, along with students from the Middle East, they had become the largest ethnic group in the public schools, now having a larger number than Latinos.[43]

By 1996, longtimeAngloresidents, largely fueled byanti-Armenian sentiment,decried the increased density in South Glendale.[44]By 1999, about 25% of the population spoke Armenian and there were many Armenian businesses.[45]

According to theUnited States 2000 Census,Glendale is home to 65,343 Armenian Americans[46](making up 34.1% of the total population), increasing from 1990 when there were 31,402 Armenian Americans in the city.[47]As of 2005, one-third of Los Angeles' estimated 153,000 Armenians (or 51,000, around a quarter of Glendale's 205,000 residents) lived in Glendale. At that time, Armenians held a majority on the Glendale city council,[48]and it had done so since that year.[49]By 2005, the Armenian population was 40% of the total population.[49]

In 2014, a Glendale Police Department spokesperson, stated, "In five to eight years, the [Armenian] community went from a few thousand to about 40,000."[30]Levon Marashlian, an instructor ofArmenian historyatGlendale College,stated that in the early 1990s Glendale's Armenian community became the largest in theLos Angeles metropolitan area,surpassing the Armenian community of Hollywood.[30]Alice Petrossian, the GUSD director of intercultural education, stated that Burbank lies within the middle of other Armenian communities, so it attracted Armenians.[43]There are also a great number of Armenian immigrants from Iran who, due to the religious restrictions and lifestyle limitations of theIslamic government,immigrated to the US, many to Glendale since it was where their relatives resided.

Organizations
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In 1994, a new headquarters of theArmenian National Committee of America-Western Region opened in Glendale. ANCA Chairman Raffi Hamparian stated "One could look at it cynically and say they're coming because this is an election year, but on the other hand[,] the Armenian community has a lot of friends, because we're active in the public life of many cities[.]"[50]In 2004, the Armenian Cultural Foundation started planning for an educational andrecreationalyouth center in south Glendale. In 2009, upon the center's completion, the variousArmenian Revolutionary Federation-aligned organizations — such as theArmenian National Committee of America,theArmenian Relief Society,theArmenian Youth FederationandHamazkayin— moved to this new facility.[51]

TheArmenian Assembly of America's Western Region office is in Glendale.[52]

TheArmenian General Benevolent Unionserves Glendale through itsPasadena-based Pasadena-Glendale chapter.[53]

Homenetmen,a non-alignedsportandscoutingorganization, started its Glendale Ararat chapter in 1983. Since 1996, the chapter has been located in neighboringGlassell Park.[54]

Other ethnic groups

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The Mexican American community was established in Glendale by the 1960s. The late 1980s and early 1990s also saw increases in Mexican American population as Glendale offers higher-quality education in a safer suburban environment away from the city.[30]

Several Korean cities have sought to create business and cultural relationships with Glendale.[55]Central Park has the only West Coast monument to Koreancomfort womenofWorld War II.[56]

As of 2012,Filipino Americanswere the third largest minority group in Glendale, making up seven percent of the city's total population, overtakingKorean Americans.[57] In 2022, the Filipino American Friendship Monument was unveiled in Central Park.[58]

After theIranian Revolution,manyPersiansmigrated to the cities seeking a suburban city with lower crime and quality education.[59]

Religion

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Christianity

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Further information:Christianity in the United StatesandOriental Orthodoxy in North America

St. Mark's Episcopal Churchdates back to 1888, but the current building was built in 1948.[60]

Holy Family Catholic Churchdates back to 1907, but the current building wasconsecratedin 1922.[61]

Since 1975, St. Mary'sArmenian Apostolic Churchhas served Glendale.[62]

TheCathedral of Saint Gregory the Illuminatorwas consecrated in 2001.[63]In 2012, theNorth American dioceseof theArmenian Catholic Churchmoved fromNew York Cityto Glendale.[64]

Islam

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Further information:Islam in the United States

Since 2012, the Islamic Center of Glendale, aSunnimosque,has served Glendale.[65]

Judaism

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Further information:American Jews

Since 1949, Temple Sinai, aReformsynagogue,has served Glendale.[66]

Other

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Since 2008, aSelf-Realization Fellowshiptemple has served Glendale.[67]

LGBT+ community

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Since 2019,[68]glendaleOUThasadvocatedon behalf of Glendale'sLGBT+residents. Since 2022, the orgination has hosted the annualGlendalePridein the Parkevent held at Adams Square Mini Park.[69][70]The event is afamily-friendlypicnic.[71]

GALAS LGBTQ+ Armenian Societyprovides specialized services to the local Armenian LGBT+ community, and the organization has been recognized as a community leader by Glendaleelected officials.At the Glendale City Council's 2024 proclamation declaring June as LGBTQ+Pride Month,GALAS BoardmemberShant Jaltorossiancommented, stating “Our work as a cultural hub and resource group emphasizes the importance ofintersectionalityin our fight forjustice.GALAS will continue to build a loving community which celebrates our roots, both Armenian and LGBTQ+, as we advocate for a better, more inclusive future. "[72]

Anti-LGBT+ hate in Glendale

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See also:Anti-LGBT curriculum laws in the United States,2020s anti-LGBT movement in the United States,andCensorship of school curricula in the United States

At the June 6, 2023 Glendale UnifiedBoard of Educationmeeting, where an annualPride Monthdeclaration was to occur, a crowd of more than 200 — includingfar-rightorganizations such as theProud Boys[73]— gathered outside theGlendale Unified School Districtheadquarters. As tensions between pro- and anti-LGBT+ sides rose, the Glendale Police Department declared anunlawful assembly.[74]SomeprogressiveArmenianactivistshave noted a "deliberatedivide and conquerstrategy "seeking to pit the local Armenian and LGBT+ communities against each other.[75]Following the incident,GALAS,Armenian-American Action Network, andSouthern California Armenian Democratsreleased a joint statement "calling attention to the collective safety of LGBTQ+ Armenians, the need for activeallyship,and the dangers ofalarmist and racist narratives about the Armenian immigrant population."[76]

Economy

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As of 2023,the top employers in the city are (with number of employees):[77]

# Employer # of Employees
1 Glendale Unified School District 4,000
2 Adventist Health Glendale 2,600
3 Countrywide Home Loans 1,815
4 City of Glendale 1,785
5 Glenair Inc. 1,768
6 Glendale Community College 1,500
7 Walt Disney Imagineering 1,011
8 Alecto Healthcare Services 900
9 DreamWorks Animation 891
10 USC Verdugo Hills Hospital 750

Industry and development

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801 North Brand, one of Glendale's many modern skyscrapers: Companies such asCigna,Citi,NexusLab, Great West Life,ServiceTitanand Unum have offices downtown.

Grand Central Airportwas a municipal airport developed from 1923 which became the largest employer in Glendale for many years, and contributed to the development of aviation in the United States in many important ways. The main terminal building still stands and includes both Art Deco and Spanish-style architectural elements. The facility was the first official terminal for the Los Angeles area, as well as the departure point for the first commercial west-to-east transcontinental flight flown byCharles Lindbergh.DuringWorld War II,the Grand Central Air Terminal building was camouflaged to protect it from enemy targeting. It was closed down in 1959, and made way for the Grand Central Business Centre, anindustrial park.

Forest Lawn Memorial Park started in Tropico (later annexed to Glendale) in 1906 and is famous for its art collection and the burial of many celebrities, as well as for the 1933 opening of the first funeral home on cemetery grounds anywhere in the United States.[78]TheBob's Big Boychain ofhamburgerrestaurants started in Glendale on East Colorado in August 1936, and theBaskin-Robbins"31 Flavors" chain ofice creamparlors started in Adams Square in 1945.

The city experienced significant development in the 1970s, with the completion of theGlendale Freeway (Highway 2)and theVentura Freeway (Highway 134).This included redevelopment of Brand Boulevard, renovation of the 1925Alex Theatre,and construction of theGlendale Galleriashopping mall which opened in 1976, and was further expanded in 1982.

Several large companies have offices in Glendale including the U.S. headquarters ofInternational House of Pancakes.The Los Angeles regional office of California'sState Compensation Insurance Fundis in Glendale. Americas United Bank was founded in Glendale in 2006 and is still headquartered there. In August 2013,Avery DennisonCorp., a label maker for major brands, announced plans to move its headquarters fromPasadenato Glendale.[79]Avery employs about 26,000 people.

In 2005, construction began near the Galleria of developerRick Caruso's "Americana at Brand",a 15.5-acre (63,000 m2) outdoor shopping and residential community. Caruso had previously designed and builtthe Grove at Farmers Market.The new Glendale development was opened to the public on May 2, 2008, and features 75 shops and restaurants, 238 apartments, 100 condominiums, and aAMC Theatres18-plex Cinema which seats 3,000 people.[80]

Film and television industry

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DreamWorks Animationheadquarters

Glendale, along with neighboringBurbank,has served as a major production center for theAmerican film industry,andanimationin particular.

Located nearWalt Disney's Hyperion studio inLos Feliz,theAlex Theatrewas Disney's favorite place during the 1930s to gauge audience reactions to hiscartoons.[81]Following his death in 1966, Disney was interred atForest Lawn Memorial Park.[82]

WhenThe Walt Disney Companyoutgrew its Burbank studio lot in the early 1960s, it expanded to Glendale'sGrand Central Business Centre.First came the headquarters forImagineering,and from 1985 to 1995, during theDisney Renaissance,Walt Disney Animation Studios(then known as Walt Disney Feature Animation) was headquartered in the Grand Central Business Centre.Disneytoon Studios,a division of WDAS, is still located in the Grand Central Business Centre near GC3, along with the Animation Research Library, Disney Animation's archive. Today, Disney's Grand Central Creative Campus (known as GC3 for short) is also home toConsumer Products,Disney Interactive,Marvel AnimationandThe Muppets Studio.[83]Disney-ownedKABC-TVis located on Circle 7 Drive to the south of GC3.

Between 1991 and 2006,[84]Universal Cartoon Studioswas located in Glendale.

In 1992,DisneyandWarner Bros.animator and directorDarrell Van Cittersand his business partnerAshley PostlewaitefoundedRenegade Animationin neighboring Burbank, and it soon moved to Glendale.[85]

In 1994,Steven Spielberg,Jeffrey Katzenberg,andDavid GeffenformedDreamWorks SKG,a diversified entertainment company.DreamWorks Animationremains located in the city's Grand Central Business Centre on land formerly occupied by a helicopter landing base next to the old airfield (and next to KABC-TV). FollowingComcast's 2016 purchase of DreamWorks Animation, Katzenberg stated that "We will absolutely continue to make animated films here."[86]

In 2002, the city's redevelopment agency gave Animation Initiative Glendale six months to develop a viable plan for adapting the historic Fidelity Federal Savings and Loan building[87]for use as an animation museum.[88][89]These plans were ultimately unsuccessful.

In 2024, East End Studios announced the completion of afilm productioncomplex, named "Glendale", featuring twosound stagesand ancillary facilities.[90]A second, much larger East End Studios facility in Glendale, named "Griffith", is currently being built.[91]

In October 2024, MayorElen Asatryantravelled toSouth Korea,where she struck anentertainmentpartnership deal with theIncheon Free Economic Zone.The agreement includes a new government-to-government platform jointly built by the governments ofIncheonand Glendale and sharing it with entertainment companies in both cities.[92]

Technology industry

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Glendale Tech Week was created in 2016 to celebrate technology throughpanel discussions,workshops, andnetworkingevents.[93]

In 2017, Glendale's City Council adopted the Glendale Tech Strategy, a roadmap for growing Glendale's technology-based sector.[94]

In 2023, Glendale and neighboringBurbankpartnered to launch Upstart Valley, a program to supportstartups,entrepreneurs,and thetechnology industry.[95]

Notable technology companies in Glendale include:

Arts and culture

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Cuisine

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Influenced by the city'simmigranthistory, Glendale's food culture includes a wide selection of international cuisines, includingFilipino cuisine[96]andArmenian cuisineand alsoIranian cuisine.[97][98]

Zhengyalov Hatz, which serveszhingyalov hats,is theMichelin Guide's only Armenian restaurant in theUnited States.[99]

Landmarks

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See also:Glendale Register of Historic Resources and Historic DistrictsandNational Register of Historic Places listings in Los Angeles County, California

Important landmarks in Glendale include theAlex Theatre,[100]theGlendale Main Post Office,[101]and theGlendale Transportation Center.[102]

Libraries

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TheGlendale Public Libraryoperates 8 publiclibrariesin the city.[103]

Museums and galleries

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Museum of Neon Art
See also:List of museums in Los Angeles County, California

In 2016, theMuseum of Neon Art(MONA), which focuses on historicalneonsigns, moved to downtown Glendale, with the City committed to funding the museum's new site and construction.[104]The museum has featured exhibitions dedicated to the local community, includingArmenians[105]andLGBTQ+people.[106]

In 2024, theMartial Arts History Museum,which is devoted to the history ofmartial arts,moved to Glendale.[107]The museum has displays relating toChinesekung fu,Filipinokali,HawaiianKapu Kuialua,Japanesejudoandkarate,Koreantaekwondo,andThaiMuay Thai.[108]At this new, larger location, the museum will also featureArmeniankokhandMexicanlucha libre.[109]

Localgalleriesinclude ace/121 Gallery,[110]Armenian Arts,[111]Junior High,[112]and Tufenkian Fine Arts.[113]

Performing arts

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TheAlex Theatre

TheAlex Theatreopened in 1925 as the Alexander Theatre, and featured featuredvaudevilleperformances andsilent filmson a single screen.[114]Currently, the theatre is a performing arts center featuring live performances and film screenings.[115]

Localtheatrecompanies include Antaeus Theatre Company[116]and The Nocturne Theatre.[117]

The City sponsors severalconcertseries: the Brand Summer Music Series, at the Brand Library;[118]the Jewel City Concert Series, at the Artsakh Paseo;[119]and the Summer Concert Series, at Verdugo Park.[120]

Public art

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The City of Glendale'spublic artincludes "Beyond the Box", autility box artprogram which includes more than 150murals,[121]and "Creative Crosswalks", acrosswalkmural program.[122]

In 2016, a 1936Streamline Modernefilling stationin the Adams Hills neighborhood was added to theGlendale Register of Historic Resources and Historic Districtsand converted into a public art gallery.[123]

Parks and recreation

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The city has nearly 50 public parks, from Deukme gian Wilderness Park in the north to Cerritos Park in the south.[124]

Government

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Local government

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Glendale City Hall

According to the city's most recent comprehensive annual financial report, the city's various funds had $576 million in revenues, $543 million in expenditures, $2,090 million in total assets, $481 million in total liabilities, and $460 million in cash and investments.[125] Glendale elects its City Council members at large, to a four-year term. Elections are held on a Tuesday after the first Monday in April of odd-numbered years along with theGlendale Unified School DistrictBoard of Education and the Glendale Community College District Board of Trustees.

Elected officials

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City Council
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The current Mayor and City Council members are:[2]

City Clerk
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The current City Clerk is Suzie Aba gian.[126]

Board of Education
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The currentGlendale Unified School DistrictBoard of Education members are:[127]

  • Shant Sahakian (President)
  • Ingrid Gunnell (Vice President)
  • Kathleen Cross (Clerk)
  • Neda Farid
  • Telly Tse
Community College District
edit

The currentGlendale Community College DistrictBoard of Trustees are:[128]

  • Desirée Portillo Rabinov (President)
  • Yvette Vartanian Davis (Vice President)
  • Armine Hacopian (Clerk)
  • Sevan Benlian
  • Ann Ransford

Board and commissions

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Glendale has numerous boards and commissions to support the City Council:[129]

County representation

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TheLos Angeles County Department of Health Servicesoperates the Glendale Health Center in Glendale.[130]

The Los Angeles County Department of Public Social Services operates the Glendale DPSS welfare office on San Fernando Road.

The Los Angeles County Department of Parks and Recreation operates Crescenta Valley park in North Glendale

The Los Angeles County Department of Aging and Disabilities operates an undisclosed Adult Protective Services office in Glendale

In theLos Angeles County Board of Supervisors,Glendale is in the Fifth District, represented byKathryn Barger.[131]

State and federal representation

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In theUnited States House of Representatives,Glendale is inCalifornia's 30th congressional district,represented byDemocratAdam Schiff.[132]

In theCalifornia State Legislature,Glendale is inthe 25th Senate District,represented byDemocratAnthony Portantino,and in boththe 44th Assembly District,represented byDemocratLaura Friedman,andthe 52nd Assembly District,represented byDemocratWendy Carrillo.[133]

Crime and public safety

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See also:Crime in Glendale, California

In 1977 and 1978, 10 murdered women were found in and around Glendale in what became known as the case of theHillside Strangler.The murders were the work ofKenneth BianchiandAngelo Buono,the latter of whom resided at 703 East Colorado Street, where most of the murders took place.[134]

In 2014, Glendale was named the ninth-safest city in America in a report published by 24/7 Wall Street based on violent crime rates in cities with more than 100,000 people.[135]Also in 2014, real estate company Movoto used FBI data crime data from 2013 to conduct a study of 100 U.S. cities with populations between 126,047 and 210,309 residents and concluded that Glendale was the safest mid-sized city in America.[136]

Education

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Glendale Community College

TheGlendale Unified School Districtoperates the public schools in Glendale.[137]The GUSD high schools includeGlendale High School,Herbert Hoover High School,Clark Magnet High School,Crescenta Valley High Schoollocated in La Crescenta andAllan F. Daily High School.A number of private schools also operate in Glendale, including Chamlian Armenian School,[138]Holy Family High School,Salem Lutheran School, and Glendale Adventist Academy. Glendale is also home toGlendale Community College. Middle schools are Roosevelt Middle School, Toll Middle School, Rosemont Middle School, and Wilson Middle School.

Media

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Glendale community news is covered by theGlendale News-Press,which was founded in 1905. TheCrescenta Valley Weeklycovers local news, community events, and sports in Glendale and theCrescenta Valley.

KABC-TV,anABCowned-and-operated television station serving the Los Angeles metropolitan area and the rest of the Greater Los Angeles area, has maintained its studios and offices in Glendale since December 2000.

Infrastructure

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Public safety

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The Glendale Fire Department responds to about 17,000 calls for service annually.[139]The department has nine stations, with mutual aid provided other local departments.[140]The Verdugo Fire Communications Center in Glendale was established in 1979 to consolidate fire dispatching and telecommunications between 13 local fire departments.[141]

Transportation

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See also:Glendale Transportation Center
TheGlendale Transportation Center,executed in aCalifornia Churrigueresquestyle

Bus services

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LADOT,Metro Local,Metro Rapid,andGlendale Beelineall have buses that run in the city.Glendale Transportation Centerprovides connections toGreyhound buses.[142]

TheNorth Hollywood to Pasadena Transit Corridoris a proposed 18-mile (29 km)bus rapid transitline. It is planned to operate betweenPasadena City Collegeand theNorth Hollywood station,where it will connect with theMetro B Lineand theMetro G Line.The line is planned to connect downtown Burbank to Glendale via Glenoaks Boulevard before heading south on Central Avenue and then continuing east on Broadway. The line is expected to open in 2027.[143]The project is part of Metro'sTwenty-eight by '28initiative.[144]

A 2021 Metro staff report for the Metro Board's Planning and Programming Committee has recommended corridors where the transportation agency could pursue new bus rapid transit lines, including one between downtown Glendale andEast Los Angeles College,a 13.64-mile (21.95 km) corridor passing throughLos Feliz,Silver Lake,andEcho Park.[145]

Train services

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Metrolink'sAntelope Valley LineandVentura County Linestop at the Glendale Transportation Center. Also,Amtrak'sPacific Surflinerstops at Glendale Transportation Center.[146]

Since 2016, Metro and Eco-Rapid Transit have been studying the feasibility of adding more frequent service and infill stations along the corridor. Also studied has been the creation of alight railline along the Burbank-Glendale-Union Station corridor, potentially allowing trains to leave the existing right-of-way to travel through the commercial core of Glendale.[147]

Streetcar

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Using a grant from theSouthern California Association of Governments,the City of Glendale is now in the midst of a feasibility study for astreetcarproject. The city is considering two alignments for the proposed system, both of which would feature 16 stops running approximately 2.88 miles (4.63 km) between Stocker Street in the north and the Glendale Transportation Center in the south, where it would connect with Metrolink and Amtrak trains.[148]

Airports

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The closest airport that serves Glendale is theHollywood Burbank Airport.The airport is owned by the Burbank–Glendale–Pasadena Airport Authority, a joint powers agreement between the cities of Burbank, Glendale, and Pasadena.[149]

Freeways and highways

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Glendale is served by fourfreeways:theGlendale Freeway(State Route 2), theVentura Freeway(State Route 134), theFoothill Freeway(Interstate 210) and theGolden State Freeway(Interstate 5)

Major surface streets in the city include: Brand Boulevard, Broadway, Canada Boulevard, Central Avenue, Chevy Chase Drive,Colorado Boulevard,Foothill Boulevard,Glendale Avenue,Glenoaks Boulevard,Grandview Avenue, La Crescenta Avenue, Honolulu Avenue, Pennsylvania Avenue,Riverside Drive,Victory Boulevard,Pacific Avenue, Sonora Avenue, Western Avenue,San Fernando Road,Verdugo Road/Boulevard, Mountain Street, and Ocean View Boulevard.

Notable people

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Sister cities

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Glendale'ssister citiesare:[160]

See also

edit

References

edit
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