Gonbad-e Kavus(Persian:گنبد کاووس)[a]is a city in theCentral DistrictofGonbad-e Kavus County,GolestanProvince,Iran,serving as capital of both the county and the district.[3]
Gonbad-e Kavus
Persian:گنبد کاووس | |
|---|---|
City | |
 The historical tower ofGonbad-e Qabus | |
  Gonbad-e Kavus | |
| Coordinates:37°14′37″N55°09′57″E/ 37.24361°N 55.16583°E[1] | |
| Country | Iran |
| Province | Golestan |
| County | Gonbad-e Kavus |
| District | Central |
| Population (2016)[2] | |
• Total | 151,910 |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30(IRST) |
| Website | gonbadcity |
| Gonbad-e KavusatGEOnet Names Server | |
The modern name, meaning "the tower of Kavus", is a reference to the most imposing ancient monument in the city. The historic name cannot now be restored, because it was assigned to the neighboring historical city ofAstarabadin the 1930s by the Iranian government. At one point, it was even known as the city of Dasht-e Gorgan,[4]meaning "the Plains of Gorgan".
In the historical times, the city's populations were made up of variousIranicpeoples such as the ancient andeponymousHyrcanians,Parthiansand eventually the KhurasaniPersians.[citation needed]Today, however, the population is a mix ofTurkmens,Iranian Azerbaijanis,[5]Sistanis,Baluch,Semnanis, and Khorasanis.[6]
The city is famous for its historic brick tower of the same name. The city has an ethnically diverse population and the biggest ethnic group isPersiansfollowed by Iranian Azeris and Turkmens. The Persians and Iranian Azeris tend to mainly followShia Islamwhile theTurkmensare mostlySunni Muslim.
Demographics
editPopulation
editAt the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 127,167 in 30,710 households.[7]The following census in 2011 counted 144,546 people in 39,181 households.[8]The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 151,910 people in 44,731 households.[2]
Historical attractions
editThe "Divar-e Gorgan" (Persian for "The Great Wall of Gorgan" ) is a gigantic defensive wall built in theSasanianperiod of Iranian history. The visible remains are about 155 km (96 mi) long and 6–10 m (20–33 ft) wide. It is one of the most outstanding and gigantic architectural monuments in northeast Iran and the most impressive in theGolestan Province.This wall, which is the largest defensive wall in the world after theGreat Wall of China,starts from the Caspian sea coast, circles north of the city of Gonbad-e Kāvus, continues towards the northeast, and vanishes into thePishkamarMountains.
At certain points, the Divar is 6 m (20 ft) wide and in other parts the width is 10 m (33 ft), depending on the nature of the land and the soil type. Watch towers and forts had been built at vaying distances. The longest distance between forts is 50 km (31 mi) and the shortest is 10 km (6.2 mi). The 40 identified forts vary in dimension and shape but the majority are square fortresses. Due to many difficulties in development and agricultural projects, archaeologists have been assigned to mark the boundary of the historical find by laying cement blocks.
The Divar defensive wall has also been known variously as Alexander Dam, Anushirvân Dam, Firuz Dam and Golestan's Defense Wall in various historical texts.
Dr. Kiani, who led the archaeological team in 1971, believes that the wall was built during the Parthian dynasty, simultaneously with the construction of the Great Wall of China, and that it was restored during theSassanidera (3rd to 7th centuries AD).[citation needed]
Neolithic period
editDuring theNeolithicperiod, this area had many populated settlements. For example, Yarim Tepe (Iran). TheJeitunculture started before 6000 BC.
Climate
edit| Climate data for Gonbad-e Kavus (1995-2010 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 12.9 (55.2) |
14.4 (57.9) |
16.4 (61.5) |
22.4 (72.3) |
28.7 (83.7) |
33.6 (92.5) |
35.2 (95.4) |
36.0 (96.8) |
32.2 (90.0) |
26.8 (80.2) |
19.6 (67.3) |
15.4 (59.7) |
24.5 (76.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 8.1 (46.6) |
9.2 (48.6) |
11.2 (52.2) |
16.5 (61.7) |
21.8 (71.2) |
26.7 (80.1) |
29.2 (84.6) |
29.9 (85.8) |
26.1 (79.0) |
20.4 (68.7) |
14.0 (57.2) |
10.2 (50.4) |
18.6 (65.5) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 49.2 (1.94) |
40.0 (1.57) |
62.9 (2.48) |
51.7 (2.04) |
27.5 (1.08) |
16.1 (0.63) |
21.6 (0.85) |
27.1 (1.07) |
30.0 (1.18) |
40.3 (1.59) |
48.9 (1.93) |
40.9 (1.61) |
456.2 (17.97) |
| Source:Iran Meteorological Organization[9][10][11] | |||||||||||||
Natural attractions
editColleges and universities
editNotable people
editSee also
edit- Kay Kāvus
- Decagon
- Iranian Turkmen
- Iranian Art Museum Garden,which includes a replica of the Gonbad-e Kavus tower.
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^OpenStreetMap contributors (17 October 2024)."Gonbad-e Kavus, Gonbad-e Kavus County"(Map).OpenStreetMap(in Persian).Retrieved17 October2024.
- ^abCensus of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Golestan Province.amar.org.ir(Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived fromthe original(Excel)on 29 March 2019.Retrieved19 December2022.
- ^Habibi, Hassan (c. 2024) [Approved 21 June 1369].Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Mazandaran province, centered in Sari city.lamtakam(Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Subject Letter 3233.1.5.53; Notification 83346/T144K. Archived fromthe originalon 14 January 2024.Retrieved14 January2024– via Lam ta Kam.
- ^Gonbad-e Kavus can be found atGEOnet Names Server,atthis link,by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3064799" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- ^Golestannma
- ^"شهرداری گنبد کاووس".gonbadcity.ir.Archived fromthe originalon 1 August 2020.Retrieved31 August2013.
- ^Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Golestan Province.amar.org.ir(Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived fromthe original(Excel)on 20 September 2011.Retrieved25 September2022.
- ^Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Golestan Province.irandataportal.syr.edu(Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived fromthe original(Excel)on 17 January 2023.Retrieved19 December2022– via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
- ^"Form 5: AVERAGE OF MEAN DAILY TEMPERATURE IN C. Station: Gonbad Kawoos(99240)".Chaharmahalmet(asp). IRIMO. Archived from the original on 17 February 2016.Retrieved10 March2024.
- ^"Form 3: AVERAGE OF MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE IN C. Station: Gonbad Kawoos(99240)".Chaharmahalmet(asp). IRIMO. Archived from the original on 18 March 2016.Retrieved10 March2024.
- ^"Form 25: MONTHLY TOTAL OF PRECIPITATION IN MM. Station: Gonbad Kawoos(99240)".Chaharmahalmet(asp). IRIMO. Archived from the original on 18 January 2015.Retrieved10 March2024.
- ^"IIS7".Archived fromthe originalon 15 June 2017.Retrieved31 December2019.
External links
edit
Media related toGonbad-e Kavusat Wikimedia Commons