Norman Graham Hill(15 February 1929 – 29 November 1975) was a Britishracing driver,rowerandmotorsportexecutive, who competed inFormula Onefrom1958to1975.Nicknamed "Mr. Monaco",[b]Hill won twoFormula One World Drivers' Championship titlesand—at the time of his retirement—held therecordfor mostpodium finishes(36); he won 14Grands Prixacross 18 seasons. InAmerican open-wheel racing,Hill won theIndianapolis 500in1966withMecom.Upon winning the24 Hours of Le Mansin1972withMatra,Hill became the first—and to this date, only—driver to complete theTriple Crown of Motorsport.[c]
Graham Hill | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Hill at the1971 Dutch Grand Prix | |||||||
| Born | Norman Graham Hill 15 February 1929 Hampstead,London, England | ||||||
| Died | 29 November 1975(aged 46) Arkley,London, England | ||||||
| Cause of death | Plane crash | ||||||
| Spouse |
Bette Shubrook (m.1955) | ||||||
| Children | 3, includingDamon | ||||||
| Formula OneWorld Championship career | |||||||
| Nationality |  British | ||||||
| Active years | 1958–1975 | ||||||
| Teams | Lotus,BRM,Walker,Brabham,Hill | ||||||
| Entries | 179 (176 starts) | ||||||
| Championships | 2 (1962,1968) | ||||||
| Wins | 14 | ||||||
| Podiums | 36 | ||||||
| Career points | 270 (289)[a] | ||||||
| Pole positions | 13 | ||||||
| Fastest laps | 10 | ||||||
| First entry | 1958 Monaco Grand Prix | ||||||
| First win | 1962 Dutch Grand Prix | ||||||
| Last win | 1969 Monaco Grand Prix | ||||||
| Last entry | 1975 Monaco Grand Prix | ||||||
| Champ Carcareer | |||||||
| 3 races run over 4 years | |||||||
| Best finish | 9th(1966) | ||||||
| First race | 1966Indianapolis 500(Indianapolis) | ||||||
| Last race | 1968Indianapolis 500(Indianapolis) | ||||||
| First win | 1966Indianapolis 500(Indianapolis) | ||||||
| |||||||
| 24 Hours of Le Manscareer | |||||||
| Years | 1958–1966,1972 | ||||||
| Teams | Lotus,Porsche,NART,Aston Martin,BRM,Ferrari,Mann,Matra | ||||||
| Best finish | 1st(1972) | ||||||
| Class wins | 1(1972) | ||||||
Born and raised in London, Hill studied engineering before completingnational servicein theRoyal Navy.He was a member ofLondon Rowing Clubfrom 1952 to 1954, contesting twenty finals andstrokingthe Londoncrewin theGrand Challenge Cup.He made his racing debut inFormula Threeaged 25. He initially joinedLotusin Formula One as a mechanic, before earning a driving debut with the team at the1958 Monaco Grand Prixand securing a full-time contract. Afternon-classifiedchampionship finishes in1958and1959with Lotus, Hill moved toBRMin1960,scoring his maiden podium at theDutch Grand Prix.BRM fielded the competitiveP57in1962,with Hill taking his maiden victory at the season-openingDutch Grand Prixand winning three further Grands Prix as he secured his maiden title, beating career rivalJim ClarkandBruce McLaren.He finished runner-up to Clark thefollowing season,before losing the1964title by one point toJohn Surtees.[d]Hill took multiple wins in1965as he finished runner-up to Clark once more in the standings. After a winless1966campaign, Hill returned to Lotus to partner Clark.
Helping develop theLotus 49for the newCosworth DFVengines, Hill struggled with reliability throughout1967,with podiums inMonacoand theUnited States.Clarkwas killedafter their1–2 finishat theseason openerin1968,leaving Hill in a close title battle withJackie Stewart,which Hill won at thefinal race of the season.In1969,Hill became a five-time winner of theMonaco Grand Prix,a record he held for24 years.During theUnited States Grand Prix,Hill was seriously injured in a crash, breaking both of his legs and ending his season prematurely. After recovering from his injuries, he returned as aprivateerin1970before competing withBrabhamfor two further seasons, where he won thenon-championshipBRDC International Trophyin1971.Hill founded and competed forEmbassy Hillfrom1973to1975,retiring from motor racing after theMonaco Grand Prixto focus on team ownership and supporting his protégéTony Brise.In addition to his two championships, Hill achieved 14 race wins, 13 pole positions, 10 fastest laps and 38 podiums in Formula One.
Outside Formula One, Hill entered the24 Hours of Le Mans10 times between1958and1972,winning the latter alongsideHenri Pescaroloin theMatra-Simca MS670.He also entered theIndianapolis 500three times from1966to1968,winning theBorg-Warner Trophyat his first attempt. Throughout his early years, Hill also competed in theBritish Saloon Car Championship,topping his class in1963,and entered six seasons of theTasman Series,finishing runner-up to Stewart in1966.In November 1975, Hill and five other Embassy Hill executives, including Brise,were killedwhen thePiper PA-23 Aztecaircraft Hill was piloting crashed in low-visibility conditions in north London whilst returning from a test session for theHill GH2at theCircuit Paul Ricard.Embassy Hill subsequently shut down ahead of the1976season. Hill's sonDamonwent on to win the World Drivers' Championship in1996,becoming the first father-and-son World Drivers' Champions. Hill was inducted into theInternational Motorsports Hall of Famein 1990.
Early life
editHill was born inHampstead,London,one of two sons of stockbroker Norman Herbert Devereux Hill, of Belsize Park, and his wife Constance Mary, née Philp.[2]He attendedHendonTechnical College and joinedSmiths Instrumentsas an apprentice engineer. He wasconscriptedinto theRoyal Navyand served as anEngine Room Artificer(ERA) on thelight cruiserHMSSwiftsure,rising to the rank ofpetty officer.After leaving the navy he rejoined Smiths Instruments.[3]
Racing career
edit
Hill did not pass his driving test until he was 24 years old, and he himself described his first car as "A wreck. A budding racing driver should own such a car, as it teaches delicacy, poise and anticipation, mostly the latter I think!"[4]He had been interested in motorcycles but in 1954 he saw an advertisement for the Universal Motor Racing Club atBrands Hatchoffering laps for five shillings. He made his debut in a Cooper 500Formula 3car and was committed to racing thereafter. Hill joinedTeam Lotusas a mechanic soon after but quickly talked his way into the cockpit. The Lotus presence in Formula One allowed him to make his debut at the1958 Monaco Grand Prix,retiring with a halfshaft failure.[5]
In 1960, Hill joinedBRM,he won also in that year on 8 May 1960 theTarga Florioin the class Sports 1600 together with a German driverEdgar Barthin aPorsche 718,and won the world championship with BRM in 1962. He was known for his race preparation, keeping records of the settings on his car and working long hours with his mechanics.[6]Hill was also part of the so-called 'British invasion' of drivers and cars in the Indianapolis 500 during the mid-1960s, triumphing there in 1966 in aLola-Ford.[7]
At the same time, Hill along with his F1 contemporaries competed in theBritish Saloon Car Championship,scoring several outright wins. He achieved a best finish of sixth overall in 1961 driving aJaguar Mark 2.[8]
In 1967, back atLotus,Hill helped to develop theLotus 49with the newCosworth-V8 engine. It fell to Hill to perform the initial testing of the new car and its engine. After the first shakedown run, Hill quipped "Well, it's got some poke! Not a bad old tool."[9]After teammatesJim ClarkandMike Spencewere killed in early 1968, Hill led the team, and won his second world championship in 1968. The Lotus had a reputation of being very fragile and dangerous at that time, especially with the new aerodynamic aids which caused similar crashes of Hill andJochen Rindtat the1969 Spanish Grand Prix.A crash at the1969 United States Grand PrixatWatkins Glenbroke both his legs and interrupted his career. Typically, when asked soon after the crash if he wanted to pass on a message to his wife, Hill replied"Just tell her that I won't be dancing for two weeks."[10]
Upon recovery Hill continued to race in F1 for several more years, but never again with the same level of success.Colin Chapman,believing Hill was a spent force, placed him inRob Walker's team for 1970, sweetening the deal with one of the brand-newLotus 72cars. Although Hill scored points in 1970 he started the season far from fully fit and the 72 was not fully developed until late in the season. Hill moved toBrabhamfor 1971–2; his last win in Formula One was in the non-ChampionshipInternational TrophyatSilverstonein1971with the"lobster claw" Brabham.The team was in flux after the retirements ofSir Jack Brabhamand thenRon Tauranac's sale toBernie Ecclestone;Hill did not settle there.
Hill was known during the latter part of his career for his wit and became a popular personality – he was a regular guest on television and wrote a notably frank and witty autobiography,Life at the Limit,[11]when recovering from his 1969 accident. A second autobiography, which covered his career up until his retirement from racing simply calledGrahamwas published posthumously in 1976.[12]A staunch campaigner for road safety, Hill presented a series forThames TelevisionentitledAdvanced Driving with Graham Hillcomprising six 30-minute programmes broadcast weekly in June and July 1974.[13]A book accompanying the series giving advice on safer and responsible driving was co-written by him.[14]Hill was also irreverently immortalized on aMonty Pythonepisode ( "It's the Arts (or: Intermission)" sketch called "Historical Impersonations" ), in which a Gumby appears asking to "see John the Baptist's impersonation of Graham Hill." The head ofSt. John the Baptistappears (with a stuck-on moustache in Hill's style) on a silver platter, which runs around the floor making putt-putt noises of a race car engine.
Hill was involved with four films between 1966 and 1974, including appearances inGrand PrixandCaravan to Vaccarès,in which he appeared as a helicopter pilot.[15]During a Christmas Eve 1970 special ofBBC'sTomorrow's WorldHill played againstRaymond Baxteron anearlycomputerracing game,with data centre workers Anne Norie and Margaret Watson manning the terminals for the game.[16]
Although Hill had concentrated on F1 he also maintained a presence insports car racingthroughout his career (including two runs in theRover-BRMgas turbinecar at Le Mans). As his F1 career drew to a close he became part of theMatrasports car team, taking a victory in the1972 24 Hours of Le ManswithHenri Pescarolo.This victory completed the so-calledTriple Crown of Motorsportwhich is alternatively defined as winning either:
- theIndianapolis 500(won by Hill in 1966), the24 Hours of Le Mans(1972) and theMonaco Grand Prix(1963–65, 1968, 1969),[17][18]or
- the Indianapolis 500, the 24 Hours of Le Mans and theFormula OneWorld Championship(1962, 1968).[19][20][21]
Using either definition, Hill is still the only person ever to have accomplished this feat.
Hill set up his own team in 1973:Embassy Hillwith sponsorship fromImperial Tobacco.The team used chassis fromShadowandLolabefore evolving the Lola into its own design in 1975. After failing to qualify for the1975 Monaco Grand Prix,where he had won five times, Hill retired from driving to concentrate on running the team and supporting his protegeTony Brise.
Along withStirling Moss,Hill put his name to and supported the Grand Prix Midget Championship, which started in 1975, with the aim of bringing low cost motor sport to people who wanted to try a new career.[22]
Hill's record of 176 Grand Prix starts remained in place for over a decade until being equalled byJacques Laffite.
Family
editHill married Bette in 1955; because Hill had spent all his money on his racing career, she paid for the wedding. They had two daughters, Brigitte and Samantha, and a son,Damon,who himself later becameFormula One World Champion– the first son of a former world champion to emulate his father.
The family lived inMill Hillduring the 1960s. The house now features anEnglish Heritageblue plaque.[23]During the early 1970s, Hill moved to Lyndhurst House inShenleyinHertfordshire.The house is now owned by musicianJeff Wayne.[24]Well known for throwing extravagant parties at his houses to which most of the Grand Prix paddock and other famous guests attended, Hill was universally popular.[25]
Rowing
edit
Before taking up motor racing, Hill spent several years actively involved inrowing.Initially, he rowed at Southsea Rowing Club, while stationed inPortsmouthwith the Royal Navy and atAuriol Rowing Clubin Hammersmith. He met his future wife Bette at a Bo xing Day party at Auriol and, while courting her, he also coached her clubmates at Stuart Ladies' Rowing Club on theRiver Lea.
In 1952 he joinedLondon Rowing Club,then as now one of the largest and most successful clubs in Great Britain. From 1952 to 1954, Hill rowed in twenty finals with London, usually as stroke of the crew, eight of which resulted in wins. He also stroked the London eight in the highly prestigiousGrand Challenge CupatHenley Royal Regatta,losing a semi-final to Union Sportif Metropolitaine des Transports, France by a length.
Through his racing career he continued to support rowing and London. In 1968 when the club began a financial appeal to modernise its clubhouse, Hill launched proceedings by driving an oldMorris Oxford,which had been obtained for £5, head-on into a boundary wall. Hill made three runs to reduce the wall to rubble, and the car was subsequently sold for £15.[citation needed]
Hill felt that the experience gained in rowing helped him in his motor-racing. He wrote in his autobiography:
"I really enjoyed my rowing. It really taught me a lot about myself, and I also think it is a great character-building sport...The self discipline required for rowing and the 'never say die' attitude obviously helped me through the difficult years that lay ahead."
Hill adopted the colours and cap design ofLondon Rowing Clubfor his racing helmet – dark blue with whiteoar-shaped tabs. His son Damon and grandson Josh later adopted the same colours with permission from the club.[26]
Death
editHill died on 29 November 1975 at the age of 46 when hisPiper PA-23 Aztectwin-engine light aircraft crashed nearArkleyin theLondon Borough of Barnet,while on a night approach toElstree Airfieldin thick fog. On board with him were five other members of the Embassy Hill team who all died: manager Ray Brimble, mechanics Tony Alcock and Terry Richards, driverTony Brise,and designer Andy Smallman. The party was returning from a car-testing session at thePaul Ricard Circuitin southern France.[27][28][29]
The subsequent investigation revealed that Hill's aircraft, originallyregisteredin the US as N6645Y,[30]had been removed from theFAAregister and at the time of the accident was "unregistered and stateless", despite still displaying its original markings. Furthermore, Hill's American FAA pilot certification had expired, as had hisinstrument rating.His UKIMC rating,which would have permitted him to fly in the weather conditions that prevailed at the time, was also out of date and invalid. Hill was effectively uninsured.[31]The investigation into the crash was ultimately inconclusive, but pilot error was deemed the most likely explanation.[29]
Hill's funeral was held atSt Albans Abbey,and he is buried at St Botolph's graveyard,Shenleybury.The church has since been deconsecrated so the tomb now sits in a private garden.
Legacy
editAfter his death, Silverstone village, home to the track of the same name, named a road, Graham Hill, after him[32]and there is a "Graham Hill Road" on The Shires estate in nearby Towcester. Graham Hill Bend atBrands Hatchis also named in his honour. Ablue plaquecommemorates Hill at 32 Parkside, in Mill Hill, London NW7.[33]
InBourne,Lincolnshire,where Hill's former teamBRMis based, a road called Graham Hill Way is named in his honour. Also a nursery school inLusevera,Italy, was named in his honour.[citation needed]
Bibliography
edit- Life at the Limit– 1970
- Graham Hill's Motor Racing Book– 1970
- Graham Hill's Car Racing Guide– 1971 (with Mike Kettlewood)
- Advanced Driving with Graham Hill– 1975 (with Neil Ewart)
- Graham– 1976 (with Neil Ewart)
Career results
editCareer summary
editComplete Formula One World Championship results
edit(key) (Races inboldindicate pole position, races initalicsindicate fastest lap)
Complete Formula One non-championship results
edit(key) (Races inboldindicate pole position) (Races initalicsindicate fastest lap)
Complete USAC Championship Car results
edit| Year | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | Pos | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1963 | TRE | INDY DNQ |
MIL |
LAN | TRE | SPR | MIL | DUQ | ISF | TRE | SAC | PHX | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1966 | PHX |
TRE |
INDY 1 |
MIL | LAN | ATL | PIP | IRP | LAN | SPR | MIL | DUQ | ISF | TRE | SAC | PHX | - | 0 | ||||||||||||
| 1967 | PHX |
TRE |
INDY 32 |
MIL |
LAN |
PIP | MOS |
MOS |
IRP |
LAN |
MTR |
MTR |
SPR |
MIL |
DUQ |
ISF |
TRE |
SAC |
HAN |
PHX |
RIV |
- | 0 | |||||||
| 1968 | HAN |
LVG |
PHX |
TRE |
INDY 19 |
MIL |
MOS DNQ |
MOS |
LAN |
PIP |
CDR |
NAZ |
IRP |
IRP |
LAN |
LAN |
MTR |
MTR |
SPR |
MIL |
DUQ |
ISF |
TRE |
SAC |
MCH |
HAN |
PHX |
RIV |
- | 0 |
| 1969 | PHX |
HAN |
INDY Wth |
MIL |
LAN |
PIP | CDR |
NAZ | TRE |
IRP |
IRP |
MIL |
SPR |
DOV |
DUQ |
ISF |
BRN |
BRN |
TRE |
SAC |
KEN | KEN | PHX |
RIV |
- | 0 | ||||
Indianapolis 500 results
edit
|
|
- Hill failed to qualify the innovativeJohn Crosthwaite(who had worked with Hill at Team Lotus) designed 'roller skate' car for the1963 Indianapolis 500race after crashing in practice. Hill, who had been commuting weekly due to other commitments in Europe, would not wait in the USA while the car was repaired and risk not qualifying or qualifying badly.[36][37]
- Hill's 1966 victory marked the first win by a rookie driver sinceGeorge Souders'1927win and the last untilJuan Pablo Montoya'svisit to Victory Lane in2000(Montoya has also emulated Hill's feat of winning both the Indianapolis 500 and the Monaco Grand Prix).
- Hill entered the1969 Indianapolis 500,but his car (Lotus-Ford Chassis 64/2) was withdrawn during practice along with those ofMario AndrettiandJochen Rindtdue to delays rectifying problems associated with hub failure on Andretti's car.
Complete Tasman Series results
edit| Year | Car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Rank | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1964 | Brabham BT4 | LEV | PUK | WIG | TER | SAN | WAR 4 |
LAK | LON 1 |
6th | 12 |
| 1965 | Brabham BT11A | PUK 1 |
LEV | WIG | TER | WAR 5 |
SAN Ret |
LON 4 |
7th | 14 | |
| 1966 | BRM P261 | PUK 1 |
LEV | WIG | TER | WAR 2 |
LAK 1 |
SAN (3) |
LON 2 |
2nd | 30 (34) |
| 1967 | Lotus 48 | PUK | WIG | LAK | WAR Ret |
SAN | LON | NC | 0 | ||
| 1968 | Lotus 49T | PUK | LEV | WIG | TER | SUR 2 |
WAR 2 |
SAN 3 |
LON 6 |
4th | 17 |
| 1969 | Lotus 49T | PUK Ret |
LEV Ret |
WIG 2 |
TER 2 |
LAK 4 |
WAR 11 |
SAN 6 |
5th | 16 |
24 Hours of Le Mans results
edit| Year | Team | Co-driver | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class pos. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1958 | Team Lotus
|
Cliff Allison
|
Lotus XV-Climax | S 2.0 | 3 | DNF | DNF |
| 1959 | Team Lotus
|
 Derek Jolly
|
Lotus XV-Climax | S 2.0 | 119 | DNF | DNF |
| 1960 |  Porsche KG
|
 Jo Bonnier
|
Porsche 718/4 RS | S 2.0 | 191 | DNF | DNF |
| 1961 |  North American Racing Team
|
Stirling Moss
|
Ferrari 250 GT SWB | GT3.0 | 121 | DNF | DNF |
| 1962 | David Brown Organisation
|
Richie Ginther
|
Aston Martin DP212 | Exp 4.0 | 78 | DNF | DNF |
| 1963 | Owen Racing Organisation
|
Richie Ginther
|
Rover-BRM | ACO Prize | 310 | (8th)* | (1st)* |
| 1964 | Maranello Concessionaires
|
Jo Bonnier
|
Ferrari 330P | P 4.0 | 344 | 2nd | 2nd |
| 1965 | Owen Racing Organisation
|
Jackie Stewart
|
Rover-BRM | P 2.0 | 284 | 10th | 2nd |
| 1966 | Alan Mann Racing
|
Brian Muir
|
Ford GT Mk.II | P 7.0 | 110 | DNF | DNF |
| 1972 |  EquipeMatra-SimcaShell
|
Henri Pescarolo
|
Matra-SimcaMS670 | S 3.0 |
344 | 1st | 1st |
- 1963 Rover-BRM ran for the ACO prize for a gas turbine car covering a minimum of 3600 km, not officially classified.
Complete British Saloon Car Championship results
edit(key) (Races inboldindicate pole position; races initalicsindicate fastest lap.)
| Year | Team | Car | Class | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | DC | Pts | Class |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1958 | Speedwell Stable | Austin A35 | A | BRH | BRH | MAL | BRH | BRH | CRY | BRH | BRH Ret |
BRH | NC | 0 | NC | ||
| 1960 | Team Speedwell | Jaguar Mk II 3.8 | +2600cc | BRH | SNE | MAL | OUL | SNE | BRH Ret* |
NC | 0 | ||||||
| Austin Mini Seven | BRH Ret |
BRH | |||||||||||||||
| 1961 | Equipe Endeavour | Jaguar Mk II 3.8 | D | SNE | GOO 2 |
AIN | SIL 1 |
CRY | SIL 2 |
BRH | OUL 2 |
SNE | 6th | 28 | 3rd | ||
| 1962 | John Coombs | Jaguar Mk II 3.8 | D | SNE 3 |
GOO 1 |
AIN 1 |
SIL 1 |
CRY | AIN | BRH Ret |
OUL 1 |
4th | 32 | 2nd | |||
| 1963 | John Coombs | Jaguar Mk II 3.8 | D | SNE 2 |
OUL 1 |
GOO 1 |
AIN 1 |
SIL Ret |
CRY 3† |
SIL | BRH 2 |
BRH | 3rd | 49 | 1st | ||
| John Willment Automobiles | Ford Galaxie | OUL 2 |
SNE | ||||||||||||||
| 1967 | Team Lotus | Ford Cortina Lotus | C | BRH 2 |
SNE 4 |
SIL 3 |
SIL Ret |
MAL | SIL | SIL | BRH Ret |
OUL Ret† |
BRH | 10th | 24 | 2nd | |
| 1968 | Alan Mann Racing | Ford Escort TC | C | BRH | THR | SIL | CRY | MAL | BRH | SIL | CRO | OUL Ret |
BRH | BRH | NC | 0 | NC |
Source:[38]
| |||||||||||||||||
† Events with 2 races staged for the different classes.
- Car over 1000cc - Not eligible for points.
Complete Canadian-American Challenge Cup results
edit(key) (Races inboldindicate pole position) (Races initalicsindicate fastest lap)
| Year | Team | Car | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Pos | Pts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1966 | Team Surtees | Lola T70Mk.2 | Chevrolet | MTR |
BRI |
MOS |
LAG |
RIV 3 |
LVG |
9th | 4 |
Source:[39]
| |||||||||||
Honours and awards
editHill's easy wit and charm helped him become atelevisionpersonality, notably on theBBCshowCall My BluffwithPatrick CampbellandFrank Muir.For a number of years in the early 1970s he appeared as one half of a double act, withJackie Stewart,as an insert within theBBC Sports Personality of the Yearshow. In June 1975 he appeared alongside his son,Damon Hill,on the popular television programmeJim'll Fix It.[40]His appearance was later rebroadcast as part of the twentieth anniversary celebrations of the programme in January 1995, with Damon presenting a new segment at the end.[41]
Hill was appointedOfficer of the Order of the British Empire(OBE) in the1968 Birthday Honoursfor services to motor racing.[42]In 1990, he was inducted into theInternational Motorsports Hall of Fame.
A one-offBBC Fourdocumentary calledGraham Hill: Drivenwas first broadcast on 26 May 2008.[43]
Notes
edit- ^abUp until1990,not all points scored by a driver contributed to their final World Championship tally (seelist of points scoring systemsfor more information). Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.[34]
- ^Hill was widely known asMr. Monacofor his fiveMonaco Grand Prixvictories, a record which stood untilAyrton Sennawon his sixth in1993.[1]
- ^TheTriple Crown of Motorsportis an unofficial achievement of winning theIndianapolis 500,the24 Hours of Le Mans,and theFormula One World Drivers' Championship.In the modern definition, the World Drivers' Championship is commonly substituted for theMonaco Grand Prix,which Hill won on five occasions.
- ^In the1963to1965points system, each driver's best six results counted towards the Drivers' Championship. With all results counted, Hill scored 41 points to Surtees' 40.
- ^Hill won the1966 Indianapolis 500.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^Knight, Matthew; Stewart, Andrew (27 May 2016)."Monaco Grand Prix: The 'gentleman' racer who ruled on the French Riviera".CNN.Retrieved20 October2020.
- ^Dryden, Colin (2004). "Hill, (Norman) Graham (1929–1975), racing motorist".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.Oxford Dictionary of National Biography(online ed.). Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31232.ISBN978-0-19-861412-8.(Subscription orUK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^Graham Hill at BadgergpArchived10 September 2013 at theWayback Machine.Retrieved 5 January 2015.
- ^Naz, Chris (31 August 2015)."GRAHAM HILL: DRIVEN".My Life at Speed.Retrieved28 December2020.
- ^Graham Hill in the Monaco Grand Prix, George Phillips Photograph Collection, Revs Institute,Revs Digital Library.
- ^"Graham Hill".Motor Sport.12 June 2017.Retrieved10 May2020.
- ^Indianapolis 500, Karl Ludvigsen Photograph Collection, Revs Institute,Revs Digital Library.
- ^Sanson, Jake (22 March 2017)."Ten Racers You Never Knew Raced in the BTCC".DriveTribe.Archived fromthe originalon 11 August 2020.Retrieved9 May2020.
- ^Perkins, Chris (19 July 2017)."Watch F1's Greatest Car and Engine Take Their First Laps".Road & Track.Retrieved30 April2020.
- ^"GP Report: Rindt Takes First GP Win".Autosport.Retrieved10 May2020.
- ^Hill, Graham (1971).Life at the Limit.London: Pan Books Ltd.ISBN0-330-02675-5.
- ^"Book Review: Graham by Graham Hill with Neil Ewart | F1-nut".f1-nut.Retrieved8 May2020.
- ^Times Newspapers Limited; Monday, 24 June 1974, Issue Number 59122, Page 19, Broadcasting.
- ^Neil Ewart (1975).Advanced Driving with Graham Hill.ISBN9780091227814.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help)[permanent dead link] - ^Caravan to Vaccarès: Cast & CrewArchived15 November 2007 at theWayback Machinemovies.msn.Retrieved on 14 July 2007.
- ^Unknown (1970)."Ex-champion rallies, loses on points".Data Processing News.IBM.
- ^Dan Knutson (3 June 2003)."Points Race Stays Tight; Montoya Joins Elite Company With Victory".Archived fromthe originalon 6 November 2007.Retrieved3 December2007.
- ^Henri Boulanger."Monaco Grand Prix Glitz Draws Rising Stars".IntakeInfo. Archived fromthe originalon 11 December 2007.Retrieved5 December2007.
- ^"Bette Hill with Neil Ewart 1978 p87"
- ^"Tribute to Graham Hill".lastingtribute.co.ok. Archived fromthe originalon 18 January 2008.Retrieved5 December2007.
- ^Oliver Irish (15 June 2007)."Stick to the day job, Jacques".The Guardian.London.Retrieved5 December2007.
- ^"Grand Prix Midget Club - About us".gpmidgets.weebly.Retrieved12 May2020.
- ^"HILL, Graham (1929-1975) | English Heritage".English Heritage.Retrieved9 May2020.
- ^"Elstree & Borehamwood Museum Friends Newsletter September 2015"(PDF).elstree-museum.org.uk.Retrieved10 May2020.
- ^Naafs, Bas (17 November 2017)."Graham Hill: a portrait".DriveTribe.Archived fromthe originalon 4 August 2020.Retrieved10 May2020.
- ^Dodd, Christopher (2006).Water Boiling Aft: London Rowing Club The First 150 Years 1856–2006.The London Rowing Club.ISBN0-9552938-0-4.
- ^"Plane crash kills driver Graham Hill".Pittsburgh Press.(Pennsylvania, U.S.). United Press International. 30 November 1975. p. D-1.
- ^"After cheating death 20 years, Hill killed in air crash".Daytona Beach Morning Journal.(Florida, U.S.). Associated Press. 1 December 1975. p. 1C.
- ^abP J Bardon (29 September 1976)."Report No: 14/1976. Piper PA 23–250 Turbo Aztec 'D', N6645Y. Report on the accident at Arkley Golf Course, Arkley, Hertfordshire on 29 November 1975".HMSO.Retrieved8 July2014.
- ^"FAA Registry (N6645Y)".Federal Aviation Administration.
- ^Viner, Brian (3 March 1999)."Motor racing: Hill driven on by quest for true respect".The Independent.Retrieved31 January2018.
- ^Graham Hill,Google Maps
- ^"HILL, GRAHAM (1929–1975)".English Heritage. Archived fromthe originalon 11 March 2014.Retrieved4 August2012.
- ^Diepraam, Mattijs (18 January 2019)."World Championship points systems".8W.Archivedfrom the original on 24 September 2019.Retrieved1 December2020.
- ^"Graham Hill Indy 500 Race Stats".Indy500. Archived fromthe originalon 15 October 2007.Retrieved21 December2011.
- ^"Mickey Thompson – Indy 500 1963".Thompson-motorsports. Archived fromthe originalon 14 February 2012.Retrieved21 December2011.
- ^Car and Driver August 1963
- ^de Jong, Frank."British Saloon Car Championship".History of Touring Car Racing 1952-1993.Retrieved10 September2022.
- ^"Can-Am - final positions and tables".World Sports Racing Prototypes. 2 October 2005. Archived fromthe originalon 26 October 2020.Retrieved20 May2022.
- ^"Jim'll Fix It".Radio Times.12 June 1975. p. 15.Retrieved29 September2017.
- ^"20 Years of Jim'll Fix It".Radio Times.29 December 1994. p. 106.Retrieved29 September2017.
- ^United Kingdom list:"No. 44600".The London Gazette(Supplement). 31 May 1968. p. 6310.
- ^"Graham Hill: Driven".BBC Four.BBC.Retrieved20 February2011.
External links
edit