Wikipedia

Green Book(film)

This article is about 2018 American biographical comedy-drama film. For the guidebook for African American roadtrips, seeThe Negro Motorist Green Book.

Green Bookis a 2018biographicalcomedy-dramafilm directed byPeter Farrelly.StarringViggo MortensenandMahershala Ali,the film is inspired by the true story of a 1962 tour of theDeep Southby African-American pianistDon Shirleyand Italian-American bouncer and later actorFrank "Tony Lip" Vallelonga,who served as Shirley's driver and bodyguard. Written by Farrelly alongside Lip's sonNick Vallelongaand Brian Hayes Currie, the film is based on interviews with Lip and Shirley, as well as letters Lip wrote to his wife.[5]It is named afterThe Negro Motorist Green Book,a guide book for African-American travelers founded byVictor Hugo Greenin 1936 and published until 1966.

Green Book
A white man at the wheel of an aqua blue car, his elbow resting on the door. An African American sits in the back seat, arms outstretched.
Theatrical release poster
Directed byPeter Farrelly
Written by
Produced by
Starring
CinematographySean Porter
Edited byPatrick J. Don Vito
Music byKris Bowers
Production
companies
Distributed byUniversal Pictures[1]
Release dates
  • September 11, 2018(2018-09-11)(TIFF)
  • November 16, 2018(2018-11-16)(United States)
Running time
130 minutes
CountriesUnited States
China
LanguageEnglish
Budget$23 million[3]
Box office$321.8 million[4]

Green Bookhad its world premiere at theToronto International Film Festivalon September 11, 2018, where it won thePeople's Choice Award.It was then theatrically released in the United States on November 16, 2018, byUniversal Pictures,and grossed $321 million worldwide. The film received positive reviews from critics, with praise for the performances of Mortensen and Ali, although it also drew some criticism for its depiction of both race and Shirley.

Green Bookreceived manyawards and nominations.It won theAcademy AwardforBest Picture,Best Original Screenplay,andBest Supporting Actor(for Ali). It also won theProducers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture,theGolden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy,and theNational Board of Reviewaward for thebest film of 2018,and was chosen as one of the top 10 films of the year by theAmerican Film Institute.Ali also won theGolden Globe,Screen Actors Guild,andBAFTA Awardsfor Best Supporting Actor.[6][7]

Plot

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Inthe Bronxin 1962, Italian American bouncerTony Lipsearches for new employment while theCopacabanais closed for renovations. He is invited to an interview with Dr.Don Shirley,an African American pianist in need of a driver for his eight-week concert tour through theMidwestandDeep South.

Don hires Tony on the strength of his references. They embark with plans to return toNew York CityonChristmas Eve.Don's record label gives Tony a copy ofThe Negro Motorist Green Book,a guide for African American travelers that contains the addresses of those motels, restaurants, and filling stations that would serve them in theJim Crow South.[8]

Tony and Don initially clash as Tony feels uncomfortable being asked to act with more refinement, while haughty Don is displeased by Tony's habits. As the tour progresses, Tony is impressed with Don's talent on the piano and becomes increasingly appalled by the discriminatory treatment that Don receives from his hosts and the general public when he is not on stage.

InLouisville, Kentucky,a group of white men beat Don and threaten his life in a bar before Tony rescues him. He instructs Don not to go out without him for the rest of the tour.

Throughout the journey, Don helps Tony write eloquent letters to his wife, which deeply move her. Tony encourages Don to get in touch with his own estranged brother, but Don is hesitant, observing that he has become isolated by his professional life and achievements. Don is later found in a homosexual encounter with a white man at a pool, and Tony bribes the police officers at the scene to prevent his arrest.

InMississippi,the two are arrested after police officers pull them over late at night in asundown town,and Tony punches one officer after being insulted. While in jail, Don asks to phone his lawyer and instead uses the call to reachAttorney GeneralRobert F. Kennedy,who pressures the governor and police officers to release the two.

Once they are free and back on the road, Don reprimands Tony for his distasteful actions, and a heated argument erupts regarding race relations andmeritocracy,during which Don expresses frustration at feeling rejected by the black community due to his mannerisms while the white community either mistreats him or uses him to make themselves look open-minded. They eventually find a hotel for the night and manage to reconcile.

On the night of Don's final performance inBirmingham, Alabama,he is refused entry into the whites-only dining room of thecountry clubwhere he has been hired to perform. Tony threatens the manager, and Don refuses to play since they refuse to serve him in the room with his audience. Eventually, Don gives Tony the choice on whether or not he plays, to smooth tensions. Tony chooses his friendship, possibly terminating his contract with the record company that demands Don does not miss a show. Tony and Don leave the venue and instead have dinner at a black blues club, where Don joins the band on piano.

The pair head north in an attempt to make it home by Christmas Eve, but are caught in a blizzard. They are then once again pulled over by a police officer. Worried they are about to receive the same treatment as earlier, both are surprised when it turns out the officer had only pulled them over due to their car having a flat tire. The officer helps them fix the tire, wishes them a safe journey and they are able to make it to New York.

Tony invites Don to have dinner with his family, but Don declines. Sitting alone at home, he changes his mind and returns to Tony's, where he receives a surprisingly warm welcome by Tony's extended family.

The end title cards show real-life photos of Don and Tony. It states that Don continued to tour and create music, while Tony went back to his work at the Copacabana, and that they remained friends until dying months apart in 2013.

Cast

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In addition, Tony and Dolores Vallelonga's son, Frank Jr., appears as his own uncle, Rudy (Rodolfo) Vallelonga (who says, "I'm just saying, we're an arty family" ), while their younger son (and the film's co-producer and co-screenwriter),Nick,appears as Augie, theMafiosowho offers Tony a job doing "things" while the Copacabana is under renovation. The real Rodolfo Vallelonga appears as his own father, Grandpa Nicola Vallelonga, while the real Louis Venere appears as his own father, Grandpa Anthony Venere. Another co-producer and co-screenwriter, Brian Currie, plays the Maryland State Trooper who helps out in the snow storm. ActorDaniel Greene,who frequently appears in films directed by theFarrelly brothers,portrays Macon Cop #1.

Production

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Viggo Mortensenbegan negotiations to star in the film in May 2017 and was required to gain 40–50 pounds (18–23 kg) for the role.[3]Peter Farrellywas set to direct from a screenplay written byNick Vallelonga(Tony Lip's son), Brian Currie, and himself.[9]

On November 30, 2017, the lead cast was set with Mortensen,Mahershala Ali,Linda CardelliniandIqbal Thebaconfirmed to star. Production began that week inNew Orleans.[10][11][12]Sebastian Maniscalcowas announced as part of the cast in January 2018.[13]Score composerKris Bowersalso taught Ali basic piano skills and was the stand-in when closeups of hands playing were required.[14]

The film is executive produced byJeff Skoll,Jonathan King,Octavia Spencer,Kwame L. Parker,John Slossand Steven Farneth.[15]

Writing

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The Negro Motorist Green-Booklisted businesses that served black travelers in the segregated South.

The script was written by Vallelonga's son Nick Vallelonga, as well as Brian Hayes Currie and Peter Farrelly, after conversations with his father and Shirley.[16]

Music

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Main article:Green Book (soundtrack)

For the film's soundtrack, Farrelly incorporated an original score by composerKris Bowersand one of Shirley's own recordings. The soundtrack also includes rarities from 1950s and 1960s American music recommended to him by singerRobert Plant,who was dating a friend of Farrelly's wife at the time he had finished the film's script. During dinner on a double date, his wife and her friend stepped outside to smoke and the director asked Plant for advice on picking songs for the film that would be relatively unknown to contemporary audiences. This prompted Plant to play Farrelly songs viaYouTube,includingSonny Boy Williamson II's "Pretty 'Lil Thing" andRobert Mosley's "Goodbye, My Lover, Goodbye".[17]

In an interview withForbes,the director explained that the soundtrack ended up not only avoiding rote nostalgia, "but also those songs were really inexpensive and I did not have a huge budget so I was able to come up with some sensational pop songs from the time that were long forgotten."[18]The music played at the black blues club toward the end of the film featured the piano performance ofÉtude Op. 25, No. 11 (Chopin),known as the Winter Wind etude by Chopin, was not included in the soundtrack release.

A soundtrack album was released digitally on November 16, 2018 and physically on November 30, 2018,[19]byMilan Records,[20]featuring Bowers' score, songs from the plot's era, and a piano recording by Shirley.[21]According to the label, it wasstreamedapproximately 10,000 times per day during January 2019. This rate doubled the next month as the album surpassed one million streams worldwide and became the highest-streamed jazz soundtrack in Milan's history.[20]

Release

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Originally in production atFocus Features,the company ultimately passed on the project.Participant Mediathen financed the $23 million budget forGreen Book,but Farrelly was concerned about the fact that Participant had a distribution deal with Focus. Knowing very well aboutSteven Spielbergand his studio's longtime relationship withUniversal Pictures,Farrelly decided to call his agent Richard Lovett, who also represents Spielberg. Lovett managed to convince Spielberg to watch the film, which he loved so much that he reportedly watched it five times over two weeks, calling it "his favorite buddy movie sinceButch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid".Spielberg then took the film toDreamWorks Pictures,which currently has a domestic distribution deal with Universal.[22]

Green Bookbegan a limited release in 20 cities, in the United States, on November 16, 2018, and expanded nationwide on November 21, 2018. The film was previously scheduled to begin its release on the 21st.[23]The studio spent an estimated $37.5 million on prints and advertisements for the film.[24]

The film had its world premiere at theToronto International Film Festivalon September 11, 2018.[25]It also opened the 29thNew Orleans Film Festivalon October 17, 2018, screened atAFI Feston November 9, 2018[26]and was programmed as the surprise film at theBFI London Film Festival.[27]

On November 7, 2018, during a promotional panel discussion, Mortensen said the word "nigger".He prefaced the sentence with," I don't like saying this word ", and went on to compare dialogue" that's no longer common in conversation "to the period in which the film is set. Mortensen apologized the next day, saying that" my intention was to speak strongly against racism "and that he was" very sorry that I did use the full word last night, and will not utter it again ".[28]

Home media

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Green Bookwas released onDVDandBlu-rayon March 12, 2019, byUniversal Pictures Home Entertainment.The film was made available for purchase on streaming video in digital HD fromAmazon VideoandiTuneson February 19, 2019.[29]It was also released on DVD and Blu-Ray byEntertainment Onethrough20th Century Fox Home Entertainmentin the UK in 2018.

Reception

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Box office

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Green Bookgrossed $85.1 million in the United States and Canada, and $236.7 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $321.8 million, against a production budget of $23 million.[4]Deadline Hollywoodcalculated the net profit of the film to be $106 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues.[24]

The film made $312,000 from 25 theaters in its opening weekend, an average of $12,480 per venue, whichDeadline Hollywoodcalled "not good at all", althoughTheWrapsaid it was a "successful start," and noted strong word-of-mouth would likely help it going into its wide release.[30][31]The film had its wide expansion alongside the openings ofRalph Breaks the Internet,Robin HoodandCreed II,and was projected to gross around $7–9 million over the five-day weekend, November 21 to 25.[32]It made $908,000 on its first day of wide release and $1 million on its second. It grossed $5.4 million over the three-day weekend (and $7.4 million over the five), finishing ninth.Deadlinewrote that the opening was "far from where [it needed] to be to be considered a success," and that strong audience word of mouth and impending award nominations would be needed in order to help the film develop box office legs. Rival studios argued that Universal went too wide too fast: from 25 theaters to 1,063 in less than a week.[33]

In its second weekend the film made $3.9 million, falling just 29% and leading some industry insiders to think it would achieve $50 million during awards season.[34]In its third weekend of wide release, following its Golden Globe nominations, it dropped 0% and again made $3.9 million, then made $2.8 million the following weekend.[35][36]In its eighth weekend, the film made $1.8 million (continuing to hold well, dropping just 3% from the previous week).[37]It then made $2.1 million in its ninth weekend (up 18%) and $2.1 million in its 10th.[38]In the film's 11th week of release, following the announcement of its five Oscar nominations, it was added to 1,518 theaters (for a total of 2,430) and made $5.4 million, an increase of 150% from the previous weekend and finishing sixth at the box office.[39]The weekend following its Best Picture win, the film was added to 1,388 theaters (for a total of 2,641) and made $4.7 million, finishing fifth at the box office. It marked a 121% increase from the previous week, as well as one of the best post-Best Picture win bumps ever,[40]and largest sinceThe King's Speechin 2011.[41]

Green Bookwas a surprise success overseas, especially in China where it debuted to a much higher-than-expected $17.3 million, immediately becoming the second highest-grossing Best Picture winner in the country behindTitanic(1997).[42]As of March 7, 2019, the largest international markets for the film were China ($26.7 million), France ($10.7 million), the United Kingdom ($10 million), Australia ($7.8 million) and Italy ($8.6 million).[43]By March 13, China's total had grown to $44.5 million.[44]On March 31 the film passed $300 million at the global box office, including $219 million from overseas territories. Its largest markets to-date were China ($70.7 million), Japan ($14.6 million), France ($14 million) Germany ($13.5 million) and the UK ($12.9 million).[45]

Critical response

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Mahershala Ali's performance asDon Shirleyreceived positive reviews, earning him theAcademy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

Onreview aggregatorRotten Tomatoes,Green Bookholds an approval rating of 77% based on 362 reviews, with an average rating of 7.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "Green Booktakes audiences on an excessively smooth ride through bumpy subject matter, although Mahershala Ali and Viggo Mortensen's performances add necessary depth. "[46]OnMetacriticthe film has aweighted average scoreof 69 out of 100, based on 52 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[47]Audiences polled byCinemaScoregave the film a rare average grade of "A+" on an A+ to F scale, whilePostTrakreported filmgoers gave it a 91% positive score, with 80% saying they would definitely recommend it.[33][48]

Writing forThe San Francisco Chronicle,Mick LaSallepraised Ali and Mortensen and said: "...there's something so deeply right about this movie, so true to the time depicted and so welcome in this moment; so light in its touch, so properly respectful of its characters, and so big in its spirit, that the movie acquires a glow. It achieves that glow slowly, but by the middle and certainly by the end, it's there, the sense of something magical happening, on screen and within the audience."[49]Steve Pond ofTheWrapwrote, "The movie gets darker as the journey goes further South, and as the myriad indignities and humiliations mount. But our investment in the characters rarely flags, thanks to Mortensen and Ali and a director who is interested in cleanly and efficiently delivering a story worth hearing."[50]

Jazz artistQuincy Jonessaid to a crowd after a screening: "I had the pleasure of being acquainted with Don Shirley while I was working as an arranger in New York in the '50s, and he was without question one of America's greatest pianists... as skilled a musician asLeonard BernsteinorVan Cliburn... So it is wonderful that his story is finally being told and celebrated. Mahershala, you did an absolutely fantastic job playing him, and I think yours and Viggo's performances will go down as one of the great friendships captured on film. "[51]

Some critics thoughtGreen Bookperpetuated racial stereotyping by advancing thewhite savior narrative in film.Salonsaid the film combines "the white savior trope with the story of a bigot's redemption."[52][53]Peter Farrelly toldEntertainment Weeklythat he was aware of the white savior trope before filming and sought to avoid it. He said he had long discussions with the actors and producers on the point, and believes that it was not advanced by the film, saying it is "about two guys who were complete opposites and found a common ground, and it's not one guy saving the other. It's both saving each other and pulling each other into some place where they could bond and form a lifetime friendship."[53]

New York TimeswriterWesley Morrischaracterized the film as being a "racial reconciliation fantasy". Morris argues that the film represents a specific style of racial storytelling "in which the wheels of interracial friendship are greased by employment, in which prolonged exposure to the black half of the duo enhances the humanity of his white, frequently racist counterpart".[54]Writing a positive appreciation inThe Hollywood Reporter,Kareem Abdul-Jabbarnoted that "filmmakers are history’s interpreters, not its chroniclers."[55]

Criticism from Shirley's relatives

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Though the film was generally praised, Shirley's relatives criticized it because they thought it misrepresented the pianist's relationship with his family and they were not contacted by studio representatives until after development started. Shirley's brother, Maurice Shirley, said, "My brother never considered Tony to be his 'friend'; he was an employee, his chauffeur (who resented wearing a uniform and cap). This is why context and nuance are so important. The fact that a successful, well-to-do black artist would employ domestics that did NOT look like him, should not be lost in translation."[56]But according to audio recordings from the 2010 documentary "Lost Bohemia", Shirley said that "I trusted him implicitly. You see, Tony got to be, not only was he my driver. We never had an employer/employee relationship." The interviews also supported other events depicted in the film.[57]

Writer-director Peter Farrelly said that he was under the impression that there "weren't a lot of family members" still alive, that they did not take major liberties with the story, and that relatives of whom he was aware had been invited to a private screening for friends and family.[58]Tony Vallelonga's son, Nick – and the film's co-writer – acknowledged that he was sorry that he had offended members of the Shirley family because he did not speak to them. He toldVarietythat "Don Shirley himself told me not to speak to anyone" and that Shirley "approved what I put in and didn't put in."[16] According to Shirley's nephew Edwin Shirley III, actor Mahershala Ali called him to apologize, saying that "I did the best I could with the material I had" and that he was not aware that there were "close relatives with whom I could have consulted to add some nuance to the character."[58]

Shirley's cellist Jüri Täht was surprised to see a stage of his life depicted in a movie, and that he had been replaced by a fictionalised version of himself (the character of Oleg). He was dismayed by the fact that Oleg was Russian in the film while he was an Estonian whose family had had to flee the USSR.[59]

Accolades

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Main article:List of accolades received by Green Book

Green Bookhas received numerous award nominations. In addition to winning thePeople's Choice Awardat theToronto International Film Festivalin September 2018,[60]Green Bookwas nominated for five awards at the91st Academy Awards,winning three awards forBest Picture,Best Original ScreenplayandBest Supporting ActorforMahershala Ali.Green Bookwas the fifth film to win Best Picture without a Best Director nomination.Green Bookhad five nominations at the76th Golden Globe Awards,with the film winningBest Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.TheNational Board of Reviewawarded itBest Film,and it was also recognized as one of the Top 10 films of the year by theAmerican Film Institute.

See also

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References

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  2. ^He, Laura (February 25, 2019)."Alibaba Pictures shares rise after striking gold with Green Book's best picture win at the Oscars".South China Morning Post.RetrievedFebruary 26,2019.
  3. ^abSiegel, Tatiana (November 13, 2018)."Making of 'Green Book': A Farrelly Brother Drops the Grossout Jokes for a Dramatic Road Trip in the 1960s Deep South".The Hollywood Reporter.RetrievedNovember 15,2018.
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  14. ^O'Connell, Sean J. (February 2019). "Bowers Explores Shirley's Work for 'Green Book' Film".DownBeat.Vol. 86, no. 2. p. 23.
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  17. ^Baltin, Steve (February 16, 2019)."Robert Plant's Friendly Role In 'Green Book' Soundtrack And Other Behind The Scenes Secrets".Forbes Magazine.RetrievedNovember 10,2021.
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  20. ^abReitman, Shelby (February 13, 2019)."'Green Book' Official Soundtrack Passes 1 Million Global Streams ".Billboard.RetrievedFebruary 21,2019.
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  24. ^abD'Alessandro, Anthony (April 8, 2019)."Small Movies, Big Profits: 2018 Most Valuable Blockbuster Tournament".Deadline Hollywood.RetrievedApril 8,2019.
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  42. ^"Green Book enjoys box office boost after Oscar win".Film Industry Network.March 9, 2019.
  43. ^Tartaglione, Nancy (March 7, 2019)."'Green Book' Drives Past $200M Worldwide; Oscar Winner At $27M In China ".Deadline Hollywood.RetrievedMarch 7,2019.
  44. ^Faughnder, Ryan (March 14, 2018)."'Captain Marvel' is likely to crush 'Wonder Park' at the box office ".Los Angeles Times.RetrievedMarch 14,2019.
  45. ^Tartaglione, Nancy (April 1, 2019)."'Green Book' Logs $300M+ At Worldwide Box Office; Tops $70M In China ".Deadline Hollywood.RetrievedApril 1,2019.
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  48. ^D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 22, 2018)."'Which Film Stands To Gain The Most At The B.O. From An Oscar Best Picture Win? Perhaps None Of Them ".Deadline Hollywood.RetrievedFebruary 23,2019.
  49. ^LaSalle, Mike (November 14, 2018)."Viggo Mortensen and Mahershala Ali achieve screen magic in 'Green Book'".San Francisco Chronicle.RetrievedNovember 22,2018.
  50. ^Pond, Steve (November 14, 2018)."'Green Book' Film Review: Viggo Mortensen and Mahershala Ali Take a Perilous Road Trip Through the Deep South ".TheWrap.RetrievedNovember 22,2018.
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  52. ^McFarland, Melanie (December 30, 2018)."Hollywood still loves a white savior:" Green Book "and the lazy, feel-good take on race".Salon.RetrievedMarch 1,2019.
  53. ^abNolfi, Joey (January 6, 2019)."Green Bookwins Best Picture — Comedy or Musical at Golden Globes ".Entertainment Weekly.RetrievedFebruary 4,2019.
  54. ^Morris, Wesley (January 23, 2019)."Why Do the Oscars Keep Falling for Racial Reconciliation Fantasies?".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.RetrievedMarch 2,2019.
  55. ^Abdul-Jabbar, Kareem (January 14, 2019)."Kareem Abdul-Jabbar: Why the 'Green Book' Controversies Don't Matter".The Hollywood Reporter.Archivedfrom the original on January 15, 2019.
  56. ^Lynn, Samara (November 29, 2018)."Family of Black Man, Don Shirley, Portrayed in 'The Green Book' Blasts Movie and Its 'Lies'".Black Enterprise.RetrievedJuly 29,2024.
  57. ^Fleming, Mike Jr. (January 28, 2019)."Green Book's Real Tapes: Audio Of Doc Shirley And Tony Lip Vallelonga".Deadline Hollywood.Archivedfrom the original on January 28, 2019.RetrievedJuly 29,2024.
  58. ^abHarris, Hunter (December 15, 2018)."Mahershala Ali Apologized to His Green Book Character's Family After Controversy".Vulture.RetrievedDecember 17,2018.
  59. ^Täht, Evelin; Mikkola, Atro (2022).A Rediscovered Trio.Pappus OÜ.ASINB09TV5ZSMX.
  60. ^"TIFF 2018 Awards: ‘Green Book’ Wins the People’s Choice Award, Upsetting ‘A Star Is Born’".IndieWire,September 16, 2018.

Bibliography

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