TheGreen Party of Aotearoa New Zealand(Māori:Rōpū Kākāriki o Aotearoa, Niu Tireni),[15]commonly known asGreenorthe Greens,is agreenpolitical party in New Zealand.[1][10]Like manygreen partiesaround the world, it has four pillars (ecological wisdom,social justice,grassroots democracy,andnonviolence).[16]The party's ideology combinesenvironmentalismwithsocial democraticeconomic policies,[1]including well-funded and locally controlled public services within the confines of asteady-state economy.[17]Internationally, it is affiliated with theGlobal Greens.[13]
Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand Rōpū Kākāriki o Aotearoa, Niu Tireni(Māori) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Co-leaders | |
| Founded | 26 May 1990 |
| Preceded by | Values Party |
| Headquarters | Level 5, 108 The Terrace, Wellington Central,Wellington |
| Newspaper | Te Awa |
| Youth wing | Young Greens of Aotearoa New Zealand |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Centre-left[9]toleft-wing[11] |
| National affiliation | Alliance(1991–1997) |
| Regional affiliation | Asia Pacific Greens Federation[12] |
| International affiliation | Global Greens[13] |
| Colours | Green |
| Slogan | "The Time Is Now"[14] |
| MPs in theHouse of Representatives | 15 / 123 |
| Regional councillors | 4 / 131 |
| Local councillors | 6 / 634 |
| Website | |
| greens | |
The Green Party traces its origins to theValues Party,founded in 1972 as the world's first national-level environmentalist party. The current Green Party was formed in 1990. From 1991 to 1997, the party participated in theAlliance,a grouping of five left-wing parties. It gained representation in Parliament at the1996 election.
Historically, the Green Party had two co-leaders, one male and one female. In May 2022, Green Party members voted to change the co-leadership model, now requiring one female leader and one leader of any gender, and that one leader must beMāori.[18]Marama Davidsonhas been the female co-leader since 2018.Chlöe Swarbrickbecame co-leader in March 2024, succeedingJames Shaw,who had been elected as male co-leader in 2015.
It is the third largest party in theHouse of Representatives,with 15 MPs.[19]In 2020, the party agreed to cooperate with theSixth Labour Governmentand received twoministerial portfoliosin return.[20]The Green Party contests many local government elections throughout New Zealand. Green Party representativeCelia Wade-Brownserved asMayor of Wellingtonfrom 2010 to 2016, and in 2019,Aaron Hawkinswas elected as theMayor of Dunedin.InAuckland,the Green Party campaigns with theLabour Party,under theCity Visionpolitical banner.[21]
Principles and policies
edit
The Green Party was founded to counter what it sees as threats to the natural environment.Environmental issuesremain its main focus. In recent times, it has expressed concerns aboutminingofnational parks,[22]fresh water,[23]peak oil[24]and the release ofgenetically engineeredorganisms.[25]The party strongly supports efforts to addressclimate changebased on scientific evidence, by transitioning away from the burning of fossil fuels to renewable energy production,[26]as well as makingcarbon pricingmore transparent and bringing the agricultural sector into theEmissions Trading Scheme.[27]
The Green Party has spoken out in support ofhuman rights[28]and against military operations conducted by the United States and other countries inAfghanistanandIraq.[29]The party has also expressed sympathy for thePalestiniansand criticised theIsraeli occupation of the Palestinian Territories.[30][31]
The party is also known for its advocacy on numerous social issues, such as thelegalisation of marriage equality,[32]the right to seek asylum and increasing therefugee quota,[33]andgender equality.[34]
The party acceptsTe Tiriti o Waitangi(theMāori languageversion of the treaty) as the founding document of New Zealand and recognisesMāoriastangata whenua.[35]
In itseconomic policies,the Green Party stresses factors such assustainability,ta xingthe indirect costs of pollution, andfair trade.It also states that measuring economic success should concentrate onmeasuring well-beingrather than analysingeconomic indicators.[36]The party wants the eventual introduction of auniversal basic income.[37]
The party has previously campaigned onlegalising cannabis[38]and "remov[ing] penalties for any person with a terminal illness, chronic or debilitating condition to cultivate, possess or use cannabis and/or cannabis products for therapeutic purposes, with the support of a registered medical practitioner".[39]In the 2017–2020 term of the Sixth Labour Government, medicinal cannabis was legalised,[40]but legalisation of recreational cannabis use wasrejected in a 2020 referendum.[41]
The Greens rely heavily on the well-educated, urban demographic for theirvoter base.Green voters have various priorities but are likely to have a high regard for the environment and environmental issues. However, research indicates very few people, who vote Green, do so purely for environmental concerns.[42]
History
editFoundations
edit
The Green Party traces its origins to theValues Party,[43]the world's first national-level environmentalist party.[44][45]The Values Party originated in 1972 atVictoria University of Wellington.[43][46]While it gained a measure of public support in several elections, the thenfirst-past-the-postelectoral system meant that the party did not win any seats in theHouse of Representatives.Some of the founding members of the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, notablyJeanette Fitzsimons,Rod DonaldandMike Ward,had been active members of the Values Party at the outset of theGreen movementin the 1970s.
At the 1989 local-body elections, multiple candidates stood for local government positions under the "Green" label. It saw the election of New Zealand's first Green city councillor,Stephen Rainbow,in Wellington.[47]He was joined the next year by councillor Merrin Downing, who left theCitizens' Associationto join the Greens.[48]
In May 1990, remnants of the Values Party merged with a number of other environmentalist organisations to form the modern Green Party.[49]This sparked a resurgence of support, with the new group winning 6.85% of the vote (but no seats) in the1990 election.
The Alliance years
editThe following year, the Greens became co-founding members of theAlliance,a five-party grouping that also consisted of theDemocrats,Liberals,Mana MotuhakeandNewLabour Party.[50]Immediately prior to this there had been limited co-operation between the parties running joint candidates in several local-body by-elections in Auckland. One candidate, Ruth Norman, was from the Greens and was elected to theAuckland Regional Council.[51]At the Alliance's inaugural party conference in November 1992 party members electedJeanette Fitzsimonsfrom the Greens as a co-deputy leader of the Alliance.[52]
The Greens contested the1993and1996 electionsas part of the Alliance.[43]Membership of the Alliance was a controversial decision with a sizeable minority in the party remaining opposed to it. Consequently the party was plagued in the following few years by persistent calls for departure from the Alliance.[53]Over time the issue became a more divisive issue internally until eventually a splinter party (theProgressive Green Party) was set up by members who were unhappy at the direction of the Alliance, which they believed was too left-wing and too focused on social justice type issues, detracting focus from environmental issues.[54][55]
Until the 1995 annual conference inTaupō,the Greens had no elected leaders. At that conference, Jeanette Fitzsimons was elected unopposed as female co-leader, and Rod Donald defeated Joel Cayford and Mike Smith in a three-way contest to become male co-leader.[56]
After New Zealand adopted themixed-member proportional(MMP) electoral system in 1996, the Alliance gained entry to Parliament, bringing three Greenlist MPswith them: Jeanette Fitzsimons, Rod Donald andPhillida Bunkle.[57]
In 1997, feeling that membership of the Alliance had subsumed their identity, the Greens took the decision to stand candidates independently of the Alliance at the next election.[43]While most of the Green party members left the Alliance, some decided, instead, to leave the Green Party and stay in the Alliance (including Bunkle, who would later be appointedMinister of Customsin theLabour-Alliance coalition government). Conversely, some of the Alliance party members, who joined the Alliance via other parties, decided to leave the Alliance and join the Green Party, notablySue BradfordandKeith Locke,who both joined the Alliance via NewLabour.[58]
Green Party in Parliament
edit
1999 election
editIn the1999 election,the Greens gained 5.16% of theparty voteand seven seats in Parliament. Fitzsimons also won the electorate seat ofCoromandel;it is believed that this is the first time a Green candidate won a first-past-the-post parliamentary election.[59]During the ten days it took to count special votes and confirm Fitzsimons' election,Labourconcluded a coalition agreement with the Alliance which excluded the Greens. However, the party supported the government onconfidence and supplyin return for some input into the budget and legislation. This led to the Greens gaining a $15 million energy efficiency and environmental package in the new government's first budget.[60]Over the term, the Greens developed a good working relationship with the government and also had some input into policy, notably Sue Bradford's amendments to theEmployment Relations Act 2000.[citation needed]
2002 election
editIn the2002 election,the Greens polled 7.00%, increasing their strength in Parliament to nine seats, although they lost the Coromandel electorate.[61][62]The electoral campaign featured strong tensions between the Greens and Labour. The Greens sharply criticised Labour for its plans to allow a moratorium on genetic engineering to expire, and believing that Labour would require their support to form a government, intended to make the extension of this moratorium a non-negotiable part of any deal.[63]After the election, however, Labour and their coalition partner, the Jim Anderton-ledProgressive Coalition,instead opted to rely on support fromUnited Future,at that time a party with conservative Christian overtones.
Although the Greens no longer had any input into the budget, they maintained a close working relationship with the government, and the Greens remained involved in the legislation process. Often the government needed to rely on Green votes in theHouseto pass progressive legislation not approved by United Future.[citation needed]The government won praise from political commentators for juggling the two diametrically-opposed parties.
While the moratorium on genetic modification has now expired, the Greens remain heavily involved in attempts to prevent any GM releases under the new regulatory framework, and genetic engineering remains a major topic for the party.[64][65]
2005 election
editIn the2005 election,the Greens won 5.30%, returning six of their MPs to Parliament. Despite expressing clear support for aLabour-led government during the campaign,[66][67]they were excluded from the resulting coalition, due to a refusal by United Future and NZ First to work with the Greens in cabinet.[68]They were, however, able to negotiate a cooperation agreement which saw limited input into the budget and broad consultation on policy.[69]Both co-leaders were appointed as government spokespeople outside cabinet, with Fitzsimons responsible for Energy Efficiency, and Donald responsible for theBuy Kiwi Madecampaign. However, Rod Donald died the day before Parliament was due to sit and the position of government spokesperson on Buy Kiwi Made was filled bySue Bradford.[70]Nándor Tánczostook up the vacant list position[71]and the co-leader position remained vacant until a new co-leader,Russel Normanwas elected at their 2006annual general meeting.The other contenders for the position were Nándor Tánczos,David Clendonand former MPMike Ward.[72] Bradford also introduced, in 2005, themembers' billthat would become theCrimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007.The bill sought to outlaw the legal defence of "reasonable force" for parents prosecuted for assault against children. It led to widespread debate and accusations that MPs supporting the bill were fostering a 'nanny state' approach. Despite this, the Bill became law after it passed its third reading on 16 May 2007 with an overwhelming majority of 113 votes for and 7 votes against.[73]
2008 election
editIn the2008 election,the Greens increased their share of the vote to 6.72%, enough for 9 MPs, even though there was a swing throughout the country to theNational Party.This initially gave the Greens two extra MPs, but counting the special votes brought in a third.[74]They became the third largest parliamentary party in New Zealand, and signed amemorandum of understandingwith the governingNational Party.
Metiria Tureiwas elected at the 2009 annual general meeting after former female co-leaderJeanette Fitzsimonsstood down as an MP in February 2009.[75][76]
2011 election
editIn the2011 election,the Green Party received nearly a quarter of a million party votes (247,372), equating to 11.06% of the total valid party votes nationwide, earning them 14 seats in the 50th Parliament. Preliminary results on election night showed them with 10.6% of the vote, equivalent to 13 seats, but special votes increased their support enough to gain an extra seat.[77]They remained the third largest parliamentary party in New Zealand.[78]
2014 election
editIn the2014 general election,the Green Party's share of the party vote fell slightly to 10.70%. Despite this, they retained all of their 14 seats and remained the third largest party in Parliament.[58]
James Shaw was elected at the party's 2015 annual general meeting over fellow MPsGareth HughesandKevin Hague,and party memberVernon Tava.He succeededRussel Norman,who resigned in November 2015 to work as Executive Director ofGreenpeace Aotearoa New Zealand.[79]
2017 election
editIn their2017 electioncampaign launch on 9 July 2017, the Green Party proposed charging bottling companies a 10% tax for exporting water, with the revenue being split between local councils and Māori tribes or iwi. They also announced that they would ban new resource consents for bottling companies until the establishment of a new comprehensive commercial water pricing scheme.[80]
In July 2017, co-leader Metiria Turei criticised the populistNew Zealand Firstparty and its leaderWinston Petersfor alleged racism, particularlytowards immigration.[81]List MPBarry Coatespenned an article in the left-wing "The Daily Blog" claiming that the Greens would call a snap election rather than be excluded from a prospective Labour and New Zealand First coalition government.[82]Turei and Coates' comments were fiercely criticised by both Peters and New Zealand First MPTracey Martin,who warned that this would affect post-election negotiations between the two parties. Fellow co-leader Shaw later clarified that Coates' remarks did not represent Green Party policy.[83][84]
On 16 July, in order to raise awareness of the inadequacies of the welfare system, Turei disclosed that she had committed benefit fraud in the past.[85]Turei also advocated for raising the domestic purposes benefit for families during the Green Party's electoral campaign. Her disclosure generated considerable interest from the media, politicians, and the New Zealand blogosphere.[86][87][88][89][90][91]On 7 August, Green MPsKennedy Grahamand party whipDavid Clendonresigned as Green Party candidates due to their disagreement with Turei's actions and handling of the situation. They formally resigned from the Green Party's parliamentary caucus the following day after the party made moves to remove them "involuntarily."[92][93]
On 9 August, Turei resigned as co-leader and as a list candidate, stating that the media scrutiny on her family had become unbearable. James Shaw remained the Green Party's sole leader for the 2017 election.[94][95]Clendon stated that he would not be returning to the Green Party list despite Turei's resignation. Graham sought to return to the party list, but this was declined on 12 August by the Green Party Executive. Leader James Shaw indicated that there was considerable animosity within the party towards Clendon and Graham for their actions.[96][97]
On 17 August, it was reported that the Green Party had fallen by 11 points to 4% in the1News–Colmar Brunton Poll, below the 5%thresholdneeded to enter Parliament underNew Zealand's mixed-member proportional system.The party's sharp drop in the opinion poll was attributed to negative publicity around the Green Party's infighting and the ascension ofJacinda Ardernas leader of the centre-leftLabour Party,the Greens' nominal ally.[98][99]By contrast, the Roy Morgan opinion poll placed public support for the Green Party at 9%.[100]
The 2017 general election returned eight list MPs, with 6.3% of the party vote.[101]The Green parliamentary caucus' newest members wereChlöe Swarbrick,who became theyoungest memberof the House, andGolriz Ghahraman,the firstrefugeemember of the House.[102][103]
Following the election results, Party Leader Shaw stated that the Greens would not be seeking a coalition with the National Party. He added that the party was pursuing a coalition rather than a support agreement with the Labour and socially-conservative New Zealand First parties.[104]On 9 October, the Greens leader Shaw took part in negotiations with the Labour Party.[105] During the coalition-forming negotiations, NZ First leader Peters turned down Shaw's invitation for the two parties to negotiate directly on the grounds that the Greens and Labour had campaigned together under a memorandum of understanding during the 2017 election.[106][107]
First term in Government, 2017–2020
editIn October 2017, the Greens entered a confidence and supply arrangement with the Labour Party which gave them three ministers outside cabinet and one under-secretary role.[108]This marked the first time the Greens had been in government.[109]Party leader James Shaw was appointed Minister for Climate Change and Statistics and Associate Minister of Finance.Julie Anne Genterwas madeMinister for Womenand Associate Minister of Health and Transport.Eugenie Sagewas made Minister of Conservation and Land Information and Associate Minister for the Environment.Jan Logiewas appointed Parliamentary Undersecretary to theMinister of Justicewith a focus on domestic and sexual violence issues.[110]
As a support partner of theLabour-New Zealand First coalition government,the Greens secured several policies and concessions including a proposedZero Carbon Act,areferendum on legalising personal cannabis useby 2020, establishing a proposedClimate Commission,a proposedGreen Transport Cardto reduce public transportation costs, investing in rail and cycle infrastructure, light rail construction toAuckland Airport,increasing theDepartment of Conservation's funding, eliminating "excessive" benefit sanctions and thegender pay gap,a rent-to-own-scheme as part ofKiwiBuild,and re-establishing theMental Health Commission.[111]
In 2019, a number of Trans members resigned after a Green Party magazine published an article from a member concerned about the growing divide between women in the party and LGBTQIA+ members.[112]
In late August 2020, Shaw was criticised by members of the Green Party, the oppositionNational Party,school principals and teachers unions for allocating, in his role as Associate Minister of Finance, NZ$11.7 million from the Government's $3 billion COVID-19 "shovel-ready" recovery fund to the private "Green School New Zealand" inTaranaki.This funding boost contradicted the party's own policy of opposing giving government funds to private schools. Shaw had lobbied for the inclusion of the school in the "shovel-ready" fund, claiming that it would have boosted the local economy and created jobs. Former Green MPsCatherine Delahunty,Mojo MathersandSue Bradforddenounced Shaw's decision as a betrayal of the Green Party's policies and principles.[113][114][115][116]Shaw subsequently apologised to Green MPs during aZoomcall, describing his action as an "error of judgment."[117][118]On 2 November, it was reported that the Government had reached an agreement with the school's owners, Michael and Rachel Perrett, for the NZ$11.7 million grant to be converted into a loan; a development that was welcomed by local principals.[119][120]
2020 election
edit
During the2020 New Zealand general electionheld on 17 October, the Greens returned to Parliament with 7.9% of the popular vote, giving them ten seats. In addition, Green MPChlöe Swarbrickwon theAuckland Centralelectorate seat by 1,068 votes.[121][122][123][124]
Despite the Labour Party winning a parliamentary majority and not needing to form a coalition agreement with other parties, Labour and the Green parties undertook a series of discussions about areas of cooperation.[125]Green co-leader James Shaw had indicated that the Greens would be open to negotiating with Labour about itswealth taxpolicy as part of coalition negotiations.[126]Earlier, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern had ruled out supporting the Green's wealth tax policy during campaigning.[127]On 20 October,Newshubreported that Ardern was not seeking a formal coalition between Labour and the Green Party but was exploring a lower-level support arrangement.[128]
Second term in Government, 2020–2023
editFollowing prolonged negotiations between the Green andLabourparties' leaderships, the Green Party accepted a deal on 31 October under which their co-leaders James Shaw andMarama Davidsonwould become ministers outside the Cabinet. Under this cooperation agreement, Shaw would remain Minister for Climate Change and become an associate minister for the environment (with responsibility for biodiversity) while Davidson would take the new role of Minister for the Prevention of Family and Sexual Violence and become an associate minister of housing (with responsibility for homelessness). In addition, Green MPs would fill one chair and one deputy chair role on twoselect committees.Stuffreported that these would likely be held by former ministers Eugenie Sage and Julie Anne Genter on the Environment Committee and Transport Committee, respectively.[129]During aZoomcall, 85% of the 150 Green Party delegates voted to accept this cooperation agreement with Labour.[130][131]
The agreement was described by Ardern as "honouring the mandate provided to Labour to form a majority Government in our own right" while ensuring the Government "govern[s] for all New Zealanders and to reach as wide a consensus on key issues as possible."[132]Several former Green MPs, including former co-leaderRussel Norman,Sue Bradford,andCatherine Delahunty,criticised the cooperation agreement for giving the Greens a weak position to influence the policy process within the newly formed Labour Government.[133]
On 19 May, Ghahraman sponsored a motion on behalf of the Green Party calling for Members of Parliament to recognise the right of Palestinians to self-determination and statehood. The motion was supported by the Greens and theMāori Partybut was opposed by the centre-rightNationalandACTparties. The governing Labour Party also declined to support the Greens' motion, with the Speaker of the HouseTrevor Mallardcriticising Ghahraman for sponsoring the motion despite knowing that it was going to be voted down.[134][135]
In June 2021, it was revealed the Green Party had received $54,000 in donations from Lindsay Fraser, whom theRoyal New Zealand Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals(RNZSPCA) has called the worst animal abuser in New Zealand history.[136]
In July 2021, Shaw'sco-leadership of the Greens was challengedby Dunedin climate activist and software developer James Cockle, who expressed dissatisfaction that the Greens were being seen as "Labour's little helper."[137]During a vote at the party's annual general meeting in August 2021, Shaw was overwhelmingly re-elected, winning 116 delegate votes with just four to Cockle.[138]
In January 2022,Radio New Zealandreported that several Green Party executive and policy branch members had resigned from the Party citing disagreement with the Green Party leadership's cooperation agreement with the governing Labour Party, taking issue with what they regarded as the Greens' perceived limited ability to hold the Government to account on policy differences. These former members also alleged Shaw was practising an autocratic leadership style and that the party executive was not holding the parliamentary caucus and leadership to account over policy decisions in government. In addition, several former Green leaders and MPs, including Bradford, Delahunty, and Norman, criticised the party's limited position within the Labour Government, the Government's alleged pro-business policies, and climate change position. In response to criticism, co-leaders Shaw and Davidson claimed that the party was democratic and making "progressive changes" in government.[139]
In early May 2022, the Green Party scrapped its male co-leadership requirement during a weekend special meeting to amend its constitution. Under these changes, the two new co-leaders now need to consist of one woman and one person of any gender (with leadership pathways fornon-binaryand intersex individuals). In addition, at least one of the future co-leaders is required to be ofMāoridescent.[140]
On 23 July, an annual general meeting was held online to decide on the party's leadership. While Davidson was re-elected unopposed, 32 of the 107 delegates voted to reopen nominations for Shaw's position, meeting the 25% threshold needed to remove him as co-leader and triggera leadership electionunder the party's rules.[141][142]Shaw was criticised by elements within the party including party member Travis Mischewski and former Green MP Delahunty for his perceived "moderate leadership" and inability to effect change within the Labour Government and tackle climate change.[143][144]On 25 July, Shaw confirmed that that he would contest the co-leadership election.[145]That same day, fellow MPs Chlöe Swarbrick andElizabeth Kerekereconfirmed that they would not be contesting the co-leadership position.[146][147]
On 10 September, Shaw was re-elected as Green Party co-leader by 142 (97%) of the 145 eligible delegates in the party's special election. Shaw was the only candidate to contest the 2022 co-leadership election.[148][149]
2023 election
editAs part of the party's policy plan for the2023 general electionit put forward the policy of a guaranteed minimum income for those out of work and those studying of$385 a week for individuals, $770 a week for couples, and $735 for single parents, all after tax. This would be phased in over 2 years and paid for via a wealth tax of 2.5% (two point five percent) on assets worth more than four million New Zealand dollars for couples and two million for singles, as well as a top rate of tax of 45% on incomes over $180,000 and a 33% corporate tax rate. Those with a salary under $125,000 would be granted a tax free threshold of $10,000.[150]The party stated this would result in "tax cuts of between $16 and $26 a week for 3.7 million New Zealanders" and anyone earning under $125,000 would pay less tax as part of its plan.[151]
In the 2023 general election, the Green Party's share of the party vote rose to 11.6% and it increased its number of seats by six to 15: three electorates and 12 list MPs. This is the highest number of Green MPs to ever be elected into Parliament thus far.[152][153]The party returned to opposition, as support partner Labour came second to National.[154]
In opposition, 2023–present
editIn January 2024 Shaw announced that he would be resigning as co-leader of the Green Party and retiring from politics.[155][156]Amid shoplifting allegations, Golriz Ghahraman resigned in January 2024. She was replaced by Celia Wade-Brown.[157][158]On 21 February 2024, Fa'anānāEfeso Collinsdied during a charity run in Auckland.[159]He was replaced byLawrence Xu-Nan.[160][161]On 15 March 2024,Darleen Tanawas stood down after allegations of migrant exploitation.[162]On 6 May 2024, James Shaw resigned from parliament and was replaced byFrancisco Hernandez.[163]
In November 2024, the Greens' Copyright (Parody and Satire) Amendment Bill, which proposed allowing copyrighted works to be used for parody, satire andmemes,was pulled from Parliament's ballot.[164]
Local body elections
edit2013 local elections
editIn the2013 local elections,the Greens won three city council and two regional council seats inWellington,[165]a council seat inDunedin,[166]and also enjoyed success inChristchurchandGisborne.[citation needed]
2016 local elections
editDuring the2016 local elections,Green Dunedin candidate Aaron Hawkins was re-elected to theDunedin City Counciland was joined by the Green Party's first elected Pasifika representative, Councillor Marie Laufiso.[167]During the2016 Wellington local election,four Green candidatesSue Kedgley,Iona Pannett, Sarah Free, and David Lee were elected onto theGreater Wellington Regional Counciland the Lambton, Eastern, and Southern Wards of theWellington City Council.[168][169]Several Green candidates also contested seats on theAuckland Council,local boards, and licensing trusts during the2016 Auckland local body elections.[170][171][172]
In addition, Brent Barrett was elected toPalmerston North City Council.[173]
2019 local elections
editThe2019 New Zealand local electionswere the most successful local body elections ever for the party, culminating in 42 successful candidates.[174]Notably,Aaron Hawkinswas electedMayor of Dunedin,becoming the first Green Party candidate to ever win a mayoralty in New Zealand.[175]
In addition, Brent Barrett was re-elected to the Palmerston North City Council and was joined by a second Green candidate Renee Dingwall. Future Green MPTeanau Tuionoalso ran for the position ofMayor of Palmerston Northbut was defeated by the incumbent Grant Smith.[173]
2022 local elections
editDuring the2022 New Zealand local elections,ten Green branded candidates were elected to local government positions.[176]Though Aaron Hawkins was defeated in his bid to bere-electedas Mayor of Dunedin, the Green-endorsedTory Whanauwas elected asMayor of Wellington.[177][178]
Green councillorTamatha Paulwaselectedto theWellington City Council(WCC) and became the chair of its new environment and infrastructure committee.[179]In addition, Laurie Foon and Nīkau Wi Neera were elected to the WCC's Southern General Ward and Te Whanganui-a-Tara Māori ward.[180]
In addition, Yadana Saw, Thomas Nash, and Quentin Duthie were elected on the Green Party ticket to theGreater Wellington Regional Council.[181]
Green councillor Brent Barrett was re-elected for a third term on thePalmerston North City Council(PNCC).[182]In addition, Kaydee Zabelin was elected to the PNCC on the Green ticket.[183]
InOtago,Marie Laufiso was elected to theDunedin City Councilas a councillor.[184]In addition, Alan Somerville was elected to the Dunedin Regional Constituency of theOtago Regional Council.[185]
2024 Wellington by-election
editIn February 2024, Green Party candidate Georgie Rogers was elected to the Pukehīnau/Lambton General Ward in theWellington City Council.The ward had been vacated byTamatha Paul,who had been elected to Parliament as a Green MP during the 2023 New Zealand general election.[186]
Structure
editThe party adopted a new constitution in 2022, named Te Waka Framework.[187]This is a te tiriti-based structure that is derived from the party's charter and commitment toTe Tiriti o Waitangi.The framework contains four sections: Te Waka, Ngā Haumi, Te Hāpai, and Ngā Tumu, and is based on the journey of awaka.[188]
| Te Waka | Te Waka covers the governance and policy development and includes areas such as Kaunihera (Council), Te Rōpū Pounamu, Policy Hub, and Kaumātua Kākāriki. |
|---|---|
| Ngā Haumi | Ngā Haumi are the administration and operation aspects of the party and covers the party office. |
| Te Hāpai | Te Hāpai covers membership engagement and representation. It is instructed by and answerable to the membership and includes provinces, branches, and networks. One of the decision making bodies of the party, Member Assembly, also falls under Te Hāpai, as well as Te Awa, the party's magazine. |
| Ngā Tumu | Ngā Tumu are the leaders of the party and include both parliamentary caucus and local government caucus. |
Provinces and branches
editA province is a collection of branches which has sufficient sense of common identity defined by natural geographical boundaries.[189]Branches are a collection of members with anelectorate-based geographical area of responsibility.[189]
Networks
editThere are a number of identity or interest-based networks across the party.[190]These include:
- DegrowthGreens[191]
- Green Women (anetwork for women members)
- Inclusive Greens (a network for members living with a disability)
- Pasifika Greens (a network for members withPasifikaancestry)
- Rainbow Greens (anetwork for LGBTQIA+ members)
- Rural Greens (a network for members with interests in rural and agricultural issues)
- GreenLeft (a network for left-wing,anti-capitalistmembers)[2]
- Te Roopu Pounamu (a Māori network)[189]
- Union Greens (representing trade unions)
- Young Greens
Electoral results
editParliament
edit| Election | Party votes | Total percent | Place | Seats won | ± | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 124,915 | 6.9% | 3rd | 0 / 97
|
|
Extra-parliamentary |
| 1993 | 350,063[nb 1] | 18.2% | 3rd | 0 / 99
|
| |
| 1996 | 209,347[nb 1] | 10.1% | 4th | 3 / 120
|
 3
|
Opposition |
| 1999 | 106,560 | 5.2% | 5th | 7 / 120
|
4
|
Confidence and supply |
| 2002 | 142,250[61] | 7.0% | 5th | 9 / 120
|
2
|
Crossbench[192] |
| 2005 | 120,521 | 5.3% | 4th | 6 / 121
|
 3
|
Cooperation agreement |
| 2008 | 157,613 | 6.7% | 3rd | 9 / 122
|
3
|
Opposition |
| 2011 | 247,372[193] | 11.1% | 3rd | 14 / 121
|
5
| |
| 2014 | 257,356[194] | 10.7% | 3rd | 14 / 121
|
| |
| 2017 | 162,443[101] | 6.3% | 4th | 8 / 120
|
6
|
Confidence and supply |
| 2020 | 226,754 | 7.9% | 3rd | 10 / 120
|
2
|
Cooperation agreement |
| 2023 | 330,883 | 11.6% | 3rd | 15 / 123
|
5
|
Opposition |
Office holders
editThe party has six equal status office holders that form their leadership group:
- two co-leaders (one female and one of any gender, one of whom must be Māori)
- two party co-convenors (one female and one of any gender)
- two policy co-convenors (one female and one of any gender)
The co-leaders lead the caucus, the party co-convenors lead the party executive, and the policy co-convenors lead the policy committee. The leadership group facilitates high level discussion and co-ordination between the three committees.
Co-leaders
edit
| No. | Name | Portrait | Term of office | No. | Name | Portrait | Term of office | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rod Donald | 
|
21 May 1995 | 6 November 2005† | 1 | Jeanette Fitzsimons | 
|
21 May 1995 | 30 May 2009 | ||
| 2 | Russel Norman | 
|
3 June 2006 | 30 May 2015 | |||||||
| 2 | Metiria Turei | 
|
30 May 2009 | 9 August 2017 | |||||||
| 3 | James Shaw | 
|
30 May 2015 | 10 March 2024 | |||||||
| 3 | Marama Davidson | 
|
8 April 2018 | incumbent | |||||||
| 4 | Chlöe Swarbrick | 
|
10 March 2024 | incumbent | |||||||
Co-convenors
editEquivalent to the organisational president of other parties. Historically, there was always one male co-convenor and one female co-convenor. As of May 2022, the party's new constitution requires one female co-convenor and one co-convenor of any gender.
| Male/Any gender | Female |
|---|---|
|
|
Policy co-convenors
editPolicy co-convenors are the leaders of the policy committee, which is autonomous from both the caucus and the party executive. While lower in public profile than the party co-convenors, the policy co-convenors are considered to have the same status as the party co-convenors, and are elected in the same way. As of May 2022, the party's new constitution requires one female policy co-convenor and one policy co-convenor of any gender.
| Male/Any gender | Female |
|---|---|
|
|
Current members of parliament
editThe Green Party has 15 seats in parliament due its share of theparty votewon in the2023 general election.
Golriz Ghahramanresigned in January 2024 and was replaced byCelia Wade-Brown.Efeso Collinsdied on 21 February 2024 and was replaced byLawrence Xu-Nan.As of February 2024[update]the MPs are, in order of their 2023 election list ranking:
| List rank | Name | Image | Term started | Portfolios & Responsibilities[195] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Marama Davidson | 2015 | Co-leader List MP | ||
| 3 | Chlöe Swarbrick | 2017 | Co-leader MP for Auckland Central | ||
| 4 | Julie Anne Genter | 2011 | MP for Rongotai | ||
| 5 | Teanau Tuiono | 2020 | List MP | ||
| 6 | Lan Pham | 2023 | List MP | ||
| 8 | Ricardo Menéndez March | 2020 | List MP | ||
| 9 | Steve Abel | 2023 | List MP | ||
| 10 | Hūhana Lyndon | 2023 | List MP | ||
| 12 | Scott Wilis | 2023 | List MP | ||
| 14 | Kahurangi Carter | 2023 | List MP | ||
| 15 | Celia Wade-Brown | 2024 | List MP | ||
| 16 | Lawrence Xu-Nan | 2024 | List MP | ||
| 17 | Francisco Hernandez | 2024 | List MP | ||
| 18 | Benjamin Doyle | 2024 | List MP | ||
| – | Tamatha Paul | 2023 | MP for Wellington Central | ||
See also
edit
References
edit- ^abcdMiller, Raymond (2015).Democracy in New Zealand.Auckland University Press. p. 169.ISBN9781775588085.
- ^abBraae, Alex (4 October 2018)."Socialism is back, baby, and it doesn't want your vote".The Spinoff.Retrieved12 December2020.
- ^ab"Are New Zealand's Greens worth a socialist vote? Three perspectives".Fightback.15 September 2020.Retrieved12 December2020.
- ^"High ranking Greens member pulls pin before election".rnz.co.nz.Radio New Zealand.4 August 2019.Retrieved14 December2020.
- ^"Jacinda Ardern's majority may prove to be her biggest challenge".BBC News.17 October 2020.Retrieved16 November2024.
- ^Johnson, Glen (16 November 2020)."Timidity in New Zealand".Le Monde diplomatique.Retrieved20 November2024.
- ^Graham-McLay, Charlotte (16 October 2020)."NZ election 2020: Jacinda Ardern and Judith Collins make final push to persuade voters".The Guardian.Auckland.Retrieved20 November2024.
- ^Massola, James (17 October 2020)."Jacinda Ardern claims huge win in New Zealand's COVID-19 election".The Sydney Morning Herald.Retrieved20 November2024.
- ^[5][6][7][8]
- ^abMazzoleni, Juliet Roper; Christina Holtz-Bacha; Gianpietro (2004).The Politics of Representation: Election Campaigning and Proportional Representation.New York, NY [u.a.]: Lang. p. 40.ISBN9780820461489.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^[1][10]
- ^"Green Parties".Asia Pacific Greens. 6 September 2014. Archived fromthe originalon 12 May 2016.Retrieved13 June2017.
- ^ab"Member Parties".Global Greens. 14 October 2007.Retrieved4 February2017.
- ^"Greens launch election campaign, unveil new slogan".23 July 2023.
- ^"Our Charter".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand.Retrieved7 April2023.
- ^Kitschelt, Herbert P. (1 January 1985). "Review of The Global Promise of Green Politics".Theory and Society:525–533.doi:10.1007/BF00159254.JSTOR657226.S2CID189889610.
- ^"A Sustainable Economy for New Zealand"(PDF).Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. 12 November 2010.Retrieved1 November2017.
- ^Palmer, Russell (3 May 2022)."Green Party leaders 'proud' of constitution changes".Radio New Zealand.Retrieved11 May2022.
- ^"2023 General Election – Official Result".Electoral Commission.14 October 2023.Retrieved14 October2023.
- ^"Greens accept Labour's offer for 'cooperation agreement'".Radio New Zealand.31 October 2020.Archivedfrom the original on 31 October 2020.Retrieved31 October2020.
- ^"Who We Are".City Vision.Archived fromthe originalon 4 April 2023.Retrieved24 September2017.
- ^"NZ Greens Conservation Mining".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. Archived fromthe originalon 31 December 2010.Retrieved31 January2011.
- ^"Campaigns: Water".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. Archived fromthe originalon 31 December 2010.Retrieved31 January2011.
- ^"NZ Greens: Campaigns: Peak Oil".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. Archived fromthe originalon 4 July 2008.Retrieved29 June2008.
- ^"NZ Greens: Campaigns: Genetic Engineering".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. Archived fromthe originalon 27 August 2008.Retrieved29 June2008.
- ^"Climate Change Policy"(PDF).Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. 8 July 2020.Retrieved18 March2021.
- ^"Greenpeace Celebrates Green Party Commitment To End PKE"(Press release). Greenpeace New Zealand. 12 September 2020.Retrieved18 March2021– viascoop.co.nz.
- ^"NZ Greens: Campaigns: Human Rights".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. Archived fromthe originalon 29 June 2007.Retrieved29 June2008.
- ^"NZ Greens: Campaigns: JustPeace".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. Archived fromthe originalon 4 July 2008.Retrieved29 June2008.
- ^Ghahraman, Golriz (13 May 2021)."Green Party condemn violent displacement of Palestinians".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand.Archivedfrom the original on 3 October 2023.Retrieved26 January2024.
- ^Ghahraman, Golriz (17 October 2023)."Green Party statement on the violence in Israel and Gaza".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand.Archivedfrom the original on 18 January 2024.Retrieved26 January2024.
- ^"Green Party supports Marriage Equality".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand.Retrieved18 March2021– via scoop.co.nz.
- ^Shaw, James (30 January 2017)."Greens would double refugee quota as priority".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand.Retrieved18 March2021.
- ^"Equality for women".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand.2020.Retrieved18 March2021.
- ^"The Green Charter".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand.Retrieved4 February2017.
- ^"Greens Call For Dinosaur GDP To Go".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. 27 March 2000. Archived fromthe originalon 15 October 2006.Retrieved29 June2008.
- ^"Income Support Policy".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand.Retrieved7 August2020.
- ^"Legal cannabis in NZ? Green Party offers green light to pot smokers".Stuff.Stuff NZ.8 December 2016.Retrieved1 September2017.
Under [the party's] proposal, people would be able to legally grow and possess marijuana for personal use.
- ^"Drug Law Reform Policy".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand.12 April 2016. Archived fromthe originalon 20 December 2016.Retrieved1 September2017.
- ^"Misuse of Drugs (Medicinal Cannabis) Amendment Bill".New Zealand Parliament.Retrieved30 December2018.
- ^"Referendum preliminary results: Yes to euthanasia reform, no to cannabis".Radio NZ.30 October 2020.Retrieved30 October2020.
- ^Cowie, Lucy J.; Greaves, Lara M.; Sibley, Chris G. (March 2015)."Identifying Distinct Subgroups of Green Voters: A Latent Profile Analysis of Crux Values Relating to Green Party Support"(PDF).New Zealand Journal of Psychology.44(1). Auckland, New Zealand: University of Auckland.ISSN1179-7924.Retrieved12 November2022.
- ^abcd Christine Dann."Greens in Time and Space: The History of The Green Party 1972–1999".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. Archived fromthe originalon 10 October 2008.Retrieved29 June2008.
- ^"History | Green Party of Canada".greenparty.ca.
The first national green party in the world, the Values Party, was started in the early 1970s in New Zealand.
- ^Barry, John; Frankland, E. Gene (2014).International Encyclopedia of Environmental Politics.Routledge. p. 461.ISBN9781135553968.
- ^O'Brien, Tova (1 June 2012)."Forty years since first green party".Newshub.Retrieved5 February2017.
- ^Naylor, Shani (8 January 1990). "Green's a good colour for Steve Rainbow".The Evening Post.
- ^"Cr Downing drops Citizens for Greens".The Evening Post.5 October 1990.
- ^"Greens merge".Auckland Star.28 May 1990. p. A3.
- ^Orsman, Bernard (2 December 1991). "Alliance born with eye on Tamaki win".The New Zealand Herald.p. 1.
- ^"Voters go for new parties".The New Zealand Herald.28 November 1991. p. 1.
- ^Laugesen, Ruth (16 November 1992). "Alliance gets three-way leadership".The Dominion.p. 2.
- ^"No plans for Greens to leave".The New Zealand Herald.11 November 1993. p. 5.
- ^Scherer, Karyn (3 May 1994). "Dissident Greens may form new party".The Evening Post.
- ^Edwards, Brent (16 May 1994). "Breakaway party no threat, says Alliance leader".The Evening Post.
- ^"Greens seek higher profile".The Evening Post.22 May 1995. p. 2.
- ^White, Mike (30 May 2017)."Are the Greens still scary? A political power comes of age".North & South.Archived fromthe originalon 21 April 2020.Retrieved10 August2020.
- ^abVowels, Jack; Coffé, Hilde; Curtin, Jennifer (2017). "The 2014 New Zealand election in perspective".A Bark but No Bite.ANU Press. pp. 1–24.ISBN9781760461355.JSTORj.ctt1vw0p68.7.
- ^"The History of The Green Party".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. Archived fromthe originalon 28 January 2018.Retrieved28 August2015.
- ^"Green Budget Package far reaching".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. 15 June 2000. Archived fromthe originalon 17 February 2012.Retrieved29 June2008.
- ^ab"Official Count Results – Overall Status".Electoral Commission.Retrieved7 August2013.
- ^"Official Count Results – Coromandel".Electoral Commission.Retrieved7 August2013.
- ^Boston, Jonathan; Church, Stephen; Levine, Stephen (2003).New Zealand Votes: The General Election of 2002.Victoria University Press. p. 275.ISBN978-0-86473-468-6.
- ^Manhire, Toby (29 October 2019)."Young scientists call on Greens to rethink GM stance in the cause of the climate".The Spinoff.Retrieved1 November2020.
- ^"Time to break the stigma on genetic modification, for the sake of the climate".Stuff.28 October 2019.Retrieved1 November2020.
- ^"Greens talk about coalition options".NZCity. 12 September 2005.Retrieved28 June2008.
- ^"Interview: Jeanette Fitzsimons, Green Party co-leader".The New Zealand Herald.6 August 2005.Retrieved28 June2008.
- ^Thomson, Ainsley (19 September 2005)."United's 'Mr Reasonable' makes withering attack on Green Party".The New Zealand Herald.Retrieved30 October2011.
- ^"Labour led Government Co-operation Agreement with the Green Party"(PDF).17 October 2005. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 22 April 2014.Retrieved28 June2008.
- ^"Greens co-leader dies".The New Zealand Herald.6 November 2006.Retrieved28 June2008.
- ^"New list MP for Green Party".New Zealand Electoral Commission. 14 November 2005. Archived fromthe originalon 2 October 2006.Retrieved28 June2008.
- ^"Green Co-Leader announced".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. 3 June 2006. Archived fromthe originalon 23 November 2008.Retrieved28 June2008.
- ^"Anti-smacking bill becomes law".NZPA. 16 May 2007.Retrieved16 May2007.
- ^"Special votes see Greens gain seat, Nats lose".The New Zealand Herald.22 November 2008.Retrieved22 November2008.
- ^"Fitzsimons to Pass Co-leadership Torch in June".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. Archived fromthe originalon 4 October 2017.Retrieved4 October2017.
- ^"Turei picked as new Greens co-leader".Newstalk ZB/1News.TVNZ.2009. Archived fromthe originalon 31 May 2009.Retrieved5 October2012.
- ^"First deaf MP to join Parliament".The New Zealand Herald.10 December 2011.Retrieved10 December2011.
- ^"Official Count".Stuff. 26 November 2011.Retrieved26 November2011.
- ^Edwards, Brent (31 October 2015)."Russel Norman quits Greens for Greenpeace".Radio New Zealand.Retrieved7 November2015.
- ^Heron, Mei (9 July 2017)."Green Party proposes tighter rules for water sales".Radio New Zealand.Retrieved12 October2017.
- ^Trevett, Claire (9 July 2017)."Green Party's Metiria Turei 'racist' call riles NZ First's Winston Peters".The New Zealand Herald.Retrieved11 October2017.
- ^Coates, Barry (11 July 2017)."Great Together".The Daily Blog.Retrieved11 October2017.
- ^"Green MP's comments on NZ First the 'height of stupidity' – Winston Peters".The New Zealand Herald.13 July 2017.Retrieved11 October2017.
- ^Lynch, Jenna (13 July 2017)."Green MP threatens new election if Labour goes with NZ First".Newshub.Retrieved11 October2017.
- ^Green Party."Mending the Safety Net – Metiria Turei's speech to the Green Party 2017 AGM".Scoop.Scoop Media.Retrieved1 September2018.
- ^Kirk, Stacey (16 July 2017)."Benefit raise, tax cuts for poorest and hikes for wealthy in new Greens policy".Stuff.co.nz.Retrieved26 July2017.
- ^"'We can never condone breaking the rules' – Andrew Little won't support Metiria Turei's stance of not condemning benefit fraudsters ".1News.26 July 2017.Retrieved26 July2017.
- ^Soper, Barry (25 July 2017)."Metiria Turei vs Barry Soper: Listen to heated debate".The New Zealand Herald.Retrieved26 July2017.
- ^Gower, Patrick (26 July 2017)."Patrick Gower: Metiria Turei's political fraud is ripping off the New Zealand public".Newshub.Retrieved26 July2017.
- ^Trotter, Chris (22 July 2017)."Sins Of Admission – critiquing John Armstrong's attack on Metiria".The Daily Blog.Retrieved26 July2017.
- ^Bradbury, Martyn (26 July 2017)."The importance of what Metiria has done and why we should all support her".The Daily Blog.Retrieved26 July2017.
- ^ "Rogue Green MPs withdraw from caucus – party 'united' behind co-leader Metiria Turei".Stuff.co.nz. 8 August 2017.Retrieved8 August2017.
- ^ "Joint Statement David Clendon and Kennedy Graham".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. 8 August 2017.Retrieved13 August2017– viaScoop.co.nz.
- ^Davison, Isaac (9 August 2017)."Green Party co-leader Metiria Turei resigns".The New Zealand Herald.Retrieved9 August2017.
- ^"Green Party co-leader Metiria Turei resigns".Radio New Zealand.9 August 2017.Retrieved12 August2017.
- ^"David Clendon not planning return to Green Party list".TVNZ. 10 August 2017.Retrieved12 August2017.
- ^"Kennedy Graham denied Green candidacy".Radio New Zealand.12 August 2017.Retrieved12 August2017.
- ^Small, Vernon (17 August 2017)."Green Party out of Parliament, Labour surges in new poll".Stuff.Retrieved19 August2017.
- ^"Greens could be out of Parliament, poll reveals".Newshub.17 August 2017.Retrieved19 August2017.
- ^Keall, Chris (19 August 2017)."Roy Morgan poll better news for Greens".National Business Review.Retrieved19 August2017.
- ^ab"2017 General Election – Official Result".New Zealand Electoral Commission.Retrieved7 October2017.
- ^Flahive, Brad (24 September 2017)."Chloe Swarbrick set to become New Zealand's youngest MP in 42 years".Stuff.co.nz.Retrieved28 September2017.
- ^"Meet Golriz Ghahraman, the Green Party's newest Member of Parliament".The New Zealand Herald.7 October 2017.Retrieved7 October2017.
- ^Davison, Isaac (24 September 2017)."Green Party leader James Shaw rules out contacting National".The New Zealand Herald.Retrieved28 September2017.
- ^"'I know it's frustrating'- James Shaw leaves media without answers following Labour talks ".1News.9 October 2017.Retrieved12 October2017.
- ^Chang, Derek (10 October 2017)."Winston Peters dismisses idea of meeting with Greens".Retrieved12 October2017.
- ^"Rub of the Greens: Winston Peters heaps scorn on Labour's partner".The New Zealand Herald.11 October 2017.Retrieved11 October2017.
- ^Phipps, Claire (19 October 2017)."Jacinda Ardern is next prime minister of New Zealand, Winston Peters confirms – as it happened".The Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on 1 September 2020.Retrieved1 September2020.
- ^Roy, Eleanor Ainge."Jacinda Ardern to be New Zealand's next PM after Labour coalition deal".The Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on 12 August 2020.Retrieved20 October2017.
- ^"Ministerial List".Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet.Archivedfrom the original on 29 November 2017.Retrieved26 October2017.
- ^"NZ First, Green Party, Labour coalition deals revealed".Stuff.24 October 2017.Archivedfrom the original on 9 August 2020.Retrieved4 November2017.
- ^Jancic, Boris (3 September 2019)."Greens members leave after 'transphobic' article in magazine".New Zealand Herald.
- ^McCulloch, Craig (27 August 2020)."Critics pile on Green private school funding boost".Radio New Zealand.Archivedfrom the original on 27 August 2020.Retrieved27 August2020.
- ^Coughlan, Thomas (27 August 2020)."Greens caught bending party policy to grant $11.7m to private school in Taranaki".Stuff.Archivedfrom the original on 27 August 2020.Retrieved27 August2020.
- ^Collins, Benedict (27 August 2020)."Widespread dismay at Government funding for elite Green School".1News.Archivedfrom the original on 27 August 2020.Retrieved27 August2020.
- ^"Green co-leader James Shaw refused to sign-off on $3bn of infrastructure projects unless Green School was included".Newshub.1 September 2020.Archivedfrom the original on 1 September 2020.Retrieved1 September2020.
- ^"Green Party co-leader James Shaw apologises for 'error of judgement' over Green School funding".Radio New Zealand.1 September 2020.Archivedfrom the original on 1 September 2020.Retrieved1 September2020.
- ^Coughlan, Thomas (1 September 2020)."James Shaw calls Green School funding 'an error of judgment' as he searches for a solution".Stuff.Archivedfrom the original on 1 September 2020.Retrieved1 September2020.
- ^Coster, Deena; Harvey, Helen."Taranaki principals happy Green School funding will be 100 per cent loan".Taranaki Daily News.Stuff.Archivedfrom the original on 2 November 2020.Retrieved2 November2020.
- ^"Green school's $11.7 million grant now a 100 per cent Government loan".1News.2 November 2020.Archivedfrom the original on 2 November 2020.Retrieved2 November2020.
- ^Taylor, Phil (18 October 2020)."'We made history': New Zealand Greens on the rise after voters return to the fold ".The Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on 19 October 2020.Retrieved19 October2020.
- ^Coughlan, Thomas (18 October 2020)."Election 2020: Coming-of-age moment as Greens make MMP history".Stuff.Archivedfrom the original on 19 October 2020.Retrieved19 October2020.
- ^"2020 General Election and Referendums – Official Result".Electoral Commission.6 November 2020.Retrieved6 November2020.[permanent dead link]
- ^"Auckland Central – Official Result".Electoral Commission.Retrieved6 November2020.
- ^"'Krispies on the table' – Green Party co-leader describes 'fruitful' discussion with Labour ".TVNZ.Retrieved31 October2020.
- ^"Greens don't rule out bringing wealth tax policy to negotiation table in potential coalition with Labour".1News.18 October 2020.Archivedfrom the original on 20 October 2020.Retrieved20 October2020.
- ^Trevett, Claire (14 October 2020)."Election 2020: Jacinda Ardern rules out wealth tax while Prime Minister".The New Zealand Herald.Archivedfrom the original on 15 October 2020.Retrieved20 October2020.
- ^O'Brien, Tova (20 October 2020)."Labour will not be forming a formal coalition with the Greens".Newshub.Archivedfrom the original on 20 October 2020.Retrieved20 October2020.
- ^"Election 2020: Green Party votes to be part of next Government with Labour".Stuff.31 October 2020.Archivedfrom the original on 2 November 2020.Retrieved31 October2020.
- ^Coughlan, Thomas; Cooke, Henry (31 October 2020)."Election 2020: Green Party votes to be part of next Government with Labour".Stuff.Archivedfrom the original on 31 October 2020.Retrieved31 October2020.
- ^"Greens accept Labour's offer for 'cooperation agreement'".Radio New Zealand.31 October 2020.Archivedfrom the original on 31 October 2020.Retrieved31 October2020.
- ^"Jacinda Ardern on giving Greens post-election deal despite Labour majority: 'I wanted to govern for all New Zealanders'".Newshub.Archived fromthe originalon 2 November 2020.Retrieved31 October2020.
- ^"Former Greens MPs express disappointment about party's deal with Labour".1News.1 November 2020.Archivedfrom the original on 2 November 2020.Retrieved2 November2020.
- ^"Green Party motion to call for recognition of Palestine's right to self-determination".Radio New Zealand.19 May 2021.Archivedfrom the original on 20 May 2021.Retrieved21 May2021.
- ^Manch, Thomas (19 May 2021)."Green Party's motion to declare Palestine a state fails in Parliament".Stuff.Archivedfrom the original on 20 May 2021.Retrieved21 May2021.
- ^McKenzie, Pete (8 June 2021)."Greens won't be returning $54k donations from animal abuser".Newsroom.
- ^Scotcher, Katie (6 July 2021)."Green Party leadership challenge: James Shaw vs James Cockle".Radio New Zealand.Archivedfrom the original on 8 August 2021.Retrieved8 August2021.
- ^"Greens co-leader James Shaw easily beats off challenge".Stuff.7 August 2021.Archivedfrom the original on 8 August 2021.Retrieved8 August2021.
- ^Hall, Michael (9 January 2022)."Green Party discontent: Members walk, ex-MPs criticise leadership".Radio New Zealand.Archivedfrom the original on 9 January 2022.Retrieved28 January2022.
- ^Neilson, Michael (3 May 2022)."Greens ditch male co-leader rule and add Māori requirement".Newstalk ZB.NZME.Archivedfrom the original on 2 May 2022.Retrieved3 May2022.
- ^Watkins, Tracy; Galuszka, Jono (23 July 2022)."Surprised James Shaw not reconfirmed as Green Party co-leader, nominations to be reopened".Stuff.Archivedfrom the original on 25 July 2022.Retrieved23 July2022.
- ^McCulloch, Craig (23 July 2022)."Green Party's James Shaw to face leadership challenge".Radio New Zealand.Archivedfrom the original on 25 July 2022.Retrieved24 July2022.
- ^Sherman, Mika (24 July 2022)."Green leadership challenge – Shaw opponent speaks out".1News.TVNZ.Archivedfrom the original on 26 July 2022.Retrieved26 July2022.
- ^Malpass, Luke (24 July 2022)."Green party leadership and James Shaw: what you need to know".Stuff.Archivedfrom the original on 26 July 2022.Retrieved26 July2022.
- ^Malpass, Luke; Manch, Thomas (25 July 2022)."James Shaw confirms he will recontest Greens co-leadership".Stuff.Archivedfrom the original on 26 July 2022.Retrieved25 July2022.
- ^"Chloe Swarbrick rules out bid to be Greens co-leader".Radio New Zealand.25 July 2022.Archivedfrom the original on 25 July 2022.Retrieved25 July2022.
- ^"Greens' Dr Elizabeth Kerekere not running for vacant co-leader spot".Newshub.25 July 2022.Archivedfrom the original on 25 July 2022.Retrieved25 July2022.
- ^Coughlan, Thomas (10 September 2022)."James Shaw re-elected Green co-leader six weeks after ouster".The New Zealand Herald.Archivedfrom the original on 11 September 2022.Retrieved10 September2022.
- ^Scocher, Katie (10 September 2022)."James Shaw re-elected as Green Party co-leader by delegates".Radio New Zealand.Archivedfrom the original on 11 September 2022.Retrieved10 September2022.
- ^"Green's tax plan could 'end child poverty' – Shaw".YouTube.1News. 11 June 2023.Retrieved7 December2023.
- ^Shaw, James; Davidson, Marama (11 June 2023)."Green Party's new Income Guarantee for every New Zealander".greens.org.nz.Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand.Retrieved7 December2023.
- ^"Official count – Overall Results".Electoral Commission.3 November 2023.Archivedfrom the original on 7 November 2023.Retrieved20 November2023.
- ^"2023 General Election: Successful candidates".Electoral Commission.3 November 2023.Archivedfrom the original on 17 November 2023.Retrieved20 November2023.
- ^Hatton, Emma (15 October 2023)."Bittersweet election night wins for Greens".Newsroom.Retrieved17 October2023.
- ^Shaw, James (24 January 2024)."James Shaw announces resignation".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. Archived fromthe originalon 30 January 2024.Retrieved2 February2024.
- ^McConnell, Glenn (29 January 2024)."James Shaw steps down as Green co-leader, to ease out of politics".Stuff.Archivedfrom the original on 29 January 2024.Retrieved29 January2024.
- ^"Golriz Ghahraman resigns from Parliament after shoplifting allegations".Radio New Zealand.16 January 2024.
- ^"Former Wellington mayor Celia Wade-Brown stepping in to replace Ghahraman".
- ^"Green MP Efeso Collins dies during charity run".Radio New Zealand.21 February 2024.
- ^"Fa'anānā Efeso Collins' death brings another new Green MP to Parliament".Stuff.22 February 2024.Retrieved6 March2024.
- ^"Declaration by Electoral Commission that Lawrence Xi Xu-Nan is elected a Member of Parliament".New Zealand Gazette.6 March 2024.Retrieved6 March2024.
- ^Kilgallon, Steve (15 March 2024)."The bike shop, the Green MP, and alleged migrant exploitation".Stuff.
- ^"Declaration by Electoral Commission That Francisco Bagkus Hernandez is Elected a Member of Parliament – 2024-au2073 – New Zealand Gazette".gazette.govt.nz.Retrieved16 May2024.
- ^"Greens' Copyright (Parody and Satire) bill to be debated in Parliament".RNZ.8 November 2024. Archived fromthe originalon 11 November 2024.Retrieved11 November2024.
- ^"2013 election results".Greater Wellington Regional Council.Retrieved24 September2017.
- ^"2013 Dunedin City Council Final Results".Dunedin City Council.Archived fromthe originalon 23 September 2015.Retrieved24 September2017.
- ^"Dunedin City Council Final Results – 2016 Triennial Elections".Dunedin City Council.Retrieved4 November2017.
- ^"2016 Triennial Elections"(PDF).Greater Wellington Regional Council.Retrieved4 November2017.
- ^"Wellington City Council 2016 Triennial Elections"(PDF).Wellington City Council.Retrieved4 November2017.
- ^"Ward Councillors"(PDF).Auckland Council.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 7 November 2017.Retrieved4 November2017.
- ^"Local board members"(PDF).Auckland Council.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 3 February 2018.Retrieved4 November2017.
- ^"Licensing trusts"(PDF).Auckland Council.Retrieved4 November2017.
- ^abRankin, Janine (9 January 2022)."Labour and the Greens look for more local body candidates".Manawatu Standard.Stuff.Archived fromthe originalon 20 October 2022.Retrieved13 November2022.
- ^"About".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand.Archived fromthe originalon 26 March 2020.Retrieved30 September2020.
- ^"Dunedin welcomes Aaron Hawkins – the country's first Green Party mayor".Stuff.Retrieved12 February2020.
- ^"Our Local Government Representatives".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand.Retrieved9 November2022.
- ^McNeilly, Hamish (22 October 2022)."'A very public divorce': Aaron Hawkins on losing the Dunedin mayoralty ".The Spinoff.Archivedfrom the original on 27 October 2022.Retrieved9 November2022.
- ^Daalder, Marc (8 October 2022)."Whanau bucks trend in referendum on leadership".Newsroom.Archivedfrom the original on 9 October 2022.Retrieved9 November2022.
- ^Gourley, Erin (8 November 2022)."Labour, Green councillors to lead key committees on new Wellington City Council".Stuff.Archivedfrom the original on 8 November 2022.Retrieved8 November2022.
- ^"Wellington City Council: 2022 Triennial Elections"(PDF).Wellington City Council.Archived(PDF)from the original on 20 October 2022.Retrieved17 November2022.
- ^"2022 Election Results and Returns".Greater Wellington Regional Council.16 November 2022.Archivedfrom the original on 18 October 2022.Retrieved17 November2022.
- ^Lacy, Judith (11 October 2022)."Grant Smith easily re-elected as Palmerston North mayor".The New Zealand Herald.Archivedfrom the original on 25 October 2022.Retrieved13 November2022.
- ^"Final results – Palmerston North City Council 2022 local elections"(PDF).Palmerston North City Council.14 October 2022.Archived(PDF)from the original on 14 October 2022.Retrieved17 November2022.
- ^"2022 Election results".Dunedin City Council.31 October 2022.Archivedfrom the original on 3 November 2022.Retrieved9 November2022.
- ^"Media release: ORC ushers in new triennium of Councillors".Otago Regional Council.14 October 2022.Archivedfrom the original on 14 October 2022.Retrieved17 November2022.
- ^"Green Party candidate Geordie Rogers wins Wellington City Council by-election".Radio New Zealand.21 February 2024.Archivedfrom the original on 21 February 2024.Retrieved23 February2024.
- ^Palmer, Russell (3 May 2022)."Green Party leaders 'proud' of constitution changes".Radio New Zealand.Retrieved10 November2023.
- ^"Constitution of the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand"(PDF).Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand.Retrieved10 November2023.
- ^abc"Constitution of the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand"(PDF).elections.org.nz.2016.
- ^"For people and planet".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand.Retrieved1 August2020.
- ^"For people and planet".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand.Retrieved12 November2024.
- ^"Government and Greens sign formal co-operation agreement".beehive.govt.nz.Retrieved26 August2002.
- ^New Zealand Electoral Commission (17 December 2011)."Official Count Results – Overall Status".Electionresults.org.nz.Archived fromthe originalon 26 April 2012.Retrieved21 April2016.
- ^"Election Results – Overall Status".New Zealand Electoral Commission.Retrieved6 October2014.
- ^"Our People".Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand.Retrieved17 November2017.
