TheHall of Supreme Harmony(Chinese:Thái Hòa Điện;pinyin:Tài Hé Diàn;Manchu:ᠠᠮᠪᠠ
ᡡᠸᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡠᡵᡝ
ᡩᡝᠶᡝᠨ;Möllendorff:amba hūwaliyambure deyen) is the largest hall within theForbidden CityinBeijing,China.It is located at its central axis, behind theGate of Supreme Harmony.Built above three levels of marble stone base, and surrounded by bronze incense burners, the Hall of Supreme Harmony is one of the largest wooden structures within China. It was the location where the emperors of theMingandQingdynasties hosted their enthronement and wedding ceremonies. The name of the Hall was changed several times throughout the past few centuries, from its initial Fengtian Dian ( Phụng Thiên Điện ), later to Huangji Dian ( hoàng cực điện ) in 1562 and to the current one by theShunzhi Emperorof the Qing dynasty in 1645.
| Hall of Supreme Harmony | |
|---|---|
Thái Hòa Điện | |
 The Hall of Supreme Harmony ( Thái Hòa Điện ) at the centre of theForbidden City | |
  | |
| Former names | Fengtian Dian |
| Alternative names | Tài Hé Diàn |
| General information | |
| Type | Hall |
| Location | Forbidden City |
| Town or city | Beijing |
| Country | China |
| Coordinates | 39°54′57.2″N116°23′26.4″E/ 39.915889°N 116.390667°E |
| Completed | 1421 |
| Renovated | 1695–1697 |
Together with theHall of Central HarmonyandHall of Preserving Harmony,the three halls constitute the heart of the Outer Court of the Forbidden City.
The Hall of Supreme Harmony rises some 30 metres (98 ft) above the level of the surrounding square. It is the ceremonial center of imperial power, and the largest surviving wooden structure in China. It is eleven bays wide – with the main room being nine bays wide – and five bays deep, the numbers nine and five being symbolically connected to the majesty of the Emperor.[1]The six pillars nearest the imperial throne are covered with gold, and the entire area is decorated with adragonmotif. TheDragon Throne,in particular, has five dragons coiled around the back and handrests. The screen behind it features sets of nine dragons, again reflecting the "nine-five" symbolism.[2]The Hall of Supreme Harmony features an exquisite throne made ofred sandalwood,and formerly used by the emperors of the Qing dynasty.
Set into the ceiling directly above the throne is an intricatecaissondecorated with a coiled dragon, from the mouth of which issues a chandelier-like set of metal balls, called the "Xuanyuan Mirror", a reference to theYellow Emperor,a mythological Chinese ruler.[3]According to legend, the metal balls will fall and strike dead any usurper to the throne.
In the Ming dynasty, the emperors held court here to discuss affairs of state. During the Qing dynasty, emperors held court far more frequently. As a result, the location was changed to the Inner Court, and the Hall of Supreme Harmony was only used for ceremonial purposes, such asenthronements,investitures,and imperialweddings.[4]
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The tablet of the Hall of Supreme Harmony -
The throne and ceiling -
Ceremony in front of the Hall of Supreme Harmony duringWanli's era,1570 -
Hall of Supreme Harmony inQianlong's era -
The Hall of Supreme Harmony
The original hall was built in 1421 during the Ming dynasty, destroyed seven times by fires during the Qing dynasty, and rebuilt for the last time in 1695–1697. After a reconstruction in the 16th century, the dimensions of the hall were reduced from around 95 by 48 metres (312 ft × 157 ft) to its present measurements, 65 by 37 metres (213 ft × 121 ft). Inability to find sufficiently large logs was cited as the cause for this change.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^The Palace Museum."Yin, Yang and the Five Elements in the Forbidden City"(in Chinese).Retrieved2007-07-05.
- ^p 67,Yu, Zhuoyun (1984).Palaces of the Forbidden City.New York: Viking.ISBN0-670-53721-7.
- ^p 253, Yu (1984)
- ^The Palace Museum."Thái Hòa Điện (Hall of Supreme Harmony)"(in Chinese). Archived fromthe originalon 2007-06-17.Retrieved2007-07-25.
External links
edit
Media related toHall of Supreme Harmonyat Wikimedia Commons
