Hanamaki(Hoa quyển thị,Hanamaki-shi)is acityinIwate Prefecture,Japan.As of 31 March 2020[update],the city had an estimated population of 94,691, and a population density of 100 persons per km2,in 37,773 households.[1]The total area of the city is 908.39 square kilometres (350.73 sq mi).[2]Hanamaki is famous as the birthplace of the novelist and poetKenji Miyazawaand Iwate Prefecture's local specialty,Wankosoba,as well as itshot spring resorts.
Hanamaki
Hoa quyển thị | |
|---|---|
City | |
 Hanamaki City Hall | |
 Flag  Seal | |
 Map of Iwate Prefecture with Hanamaki highlighted in pink | |
  Hanamaki | |
| Coordinates:39°23′19″N141°7′0.9″E/ 39.38861°N 141.116917°E | |
| Country | Japan |
| Region | Tōhoku |
| Prefecture | Iwate |
| Area | |
• Total | 908.39 km2(350.73 sq mi) |
| Population (March 31, 2019) | |
• Total | 94,691 |
| • Density | 100/km2(270/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+9(Japan Standard Time) |
| Phone number | 0198-24-2111 |
| Address | 9-30 Kajo-cho, Hanamaki-shi, Iwate-ken 025-8601 |
| Climate | Dfa/Cfa |
| Website | Official website |
| Symbols | |
| Bird | Ural owl |
| Flower | Hayachina Usukikyo |
| Tree | Kobushi |
Geography
editHanamaki is located in central Iwate Prefecture, in theKitakami Rivervalley at the conflux of three rivers with the Kitakami River; the Sarugaishi-gawa from the east and the Se-gawa and Toyosawa-gawa from the west. In the west the city rises to the foothills of theŌu Mountainswith the highest peak being Mt. Matsukura at 968 metres (3,176 ft). To the east the city rises to the highest peak in theKitakami Range,Mount Hayachineat 1,917 metres (6,289 ft). The largest reservoir isLake Taseon the Sarugaishi River. Lake Hayachine on the Hienuki River is quite spectacular with steep mountains rising above it. Lake Toyosawa is in the western part of the city on the Toyosawa River. Parts of the city are within the borders of theHayachine Quasi-National Park.A chain of 12 hot springs that lie along the edge of the Ōu Mountains form the Hanamaki Onsenkyo Village.
Neighboring municipalities
editIwate Prefecture
Climate
editHanamaki has ahumid climate(Köppen climate classificationCfa) characterized by mild summers and cold winters. The average annual temperature in Hanamaki is 10.4 °C (50.7 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,324 millimetres (52.1 in) with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 24.0 °C (75.2 °F), and lowest in January, at around −2.3 °C (27.9 °F).[3]
| Climate data for Hanamaki, Iwate (2003−2020 normals, extremes 2003−present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 9.1 (48.4) |
13.6 (56.5) |
22.1 (71.8) |
29.3 (84.7) |
33.3 (91.9) |
34.0 (93.2) |
36.6 (97.9) |
36.3 (97.3) |
35.8 (96.4) |
28.9 (84.0) |
21.9 (71.4) |
17.3 (63.1) |
36.6 (97.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.4 (36.3) |
3.7 (38.7) |
8.4 (47.1) |
15.0 (59.0) |
21.4 (70.5) |
25.1 (77.2) |
27.5 (81.5) |
29.3 (84.7) |
25.2 (77.4) |
18.7 (65.7) |
11.8 (53.2) |
4.9 (40.8) |
16.1 (61.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.8 (28.8) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
3.0 (37.4) |
8.7 (47.7) |
15.1 (59.2) |
19.5 (67.1) |
22.6 (72.7) |
24.0 (75.2) |
19.7 (67.5) |
12.9 (55.2) |
6.5 (43.7) |
0.8 (33.4) |
10.8 (51.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.4 (20.5) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
2.7 (36.9) |
9.3 (48.7) |
14.5 (58.1) |
18.8 (65.8) |
19.9 (67.8) |
15.4 (59.7) |
7.7 (45.9) |
1.6 (34.9) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
6.1 (42.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −17.5 (0.5) |
−18.2 (−0.8) |
−11.8 (10.8) |
−6.9 (19.6) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
5.1 (41.2) |
10.9 (51.6) |
10.5 (50.9) |
4.3 (39.7) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
−10.2 (13.6) |
−14.8 (5.4) |
−18.2 (−0.8) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 51.7 (2.04) |
49.4 (1.94) |
80.8 (3.18) |
97.6 (3.84) |
98.8 (3.89) |
120.0 (4.72) |
205.0 (8.07) |
156.0 (6.14) |
156.8 (6.17) |
125.3 (4.93) |
84.0 (3.31) |
85.0 (3.35) |
1,310.4 (51.59) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 10.7 | 10.1 | 11.4 | 10.1 | 10.3 | 9.0 | 13.1 | 11.4 | 10.3 | 10.2 | 12.7 | 13.9 | 133.2 |
| Source:JMA[4][5] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
editPer Japanese census data,[6]the population of Hanamaki peaked at around the year 2000 and has declined since.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1920 | 69,110 | — |
| 1930 | 79,108 | +14.5% |
| 1940 | 83,401 | +5.4% |
| 1950 | 102,933 | +23.4% |
| 1960 | 105,687 | +2.7% |
| 1970 | 101,858 | −3.6% |
| 1980 | 105,678 | +3.8% |
| 1990 | 106,727 | +1.0% |
| 2000 | 107,175 | +0.4% |
| 2010 | 101,451 | −5.3% |
| 2020 | 93,193 | −8.1% |
History
editThe area of present-day Hanamaki was part of ancientMutsu Province,and has been settled since at least theJōmon period.During theSengoku period,the area was dominated by varioussamuraiclans before coming under the control of theNambu clanduring theEdo period,who ruledMorioka Domainunder theTokugawa shogunate.The town developed as apost stationon theŌshū Kaidōhighway during the Edo period.
In theMeiji period,with the establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889, the modern towns of Hanamaki and Hanamaki-Kawaguchi were created withinHienuki District, Iwate.The two towns were merged on April 10, 1929, with the merged municipality retaining the name of Hanamaki. On April 1, 1954, the villages of Yuguchi, Yumoto, Miyanome, Yasawa and Ohta were annexed by Hanamaki. An additional village, Sasama, joined the following year.
In January 2006, Hanamaki merged with the towns ofIshidoriya,Ōhasama,thus dissolving Hienuki District, and with the town ofTōwafromWaga District.[7]
Government
editHanamaki has amayor-councilform of government with a directly elected mayor and aunicameralcity legislature of 25 members. Hanamaki contributes four seats to the Iwate Prefectural legislature. In terms of national politics, the city is part ofIwate 3rd districtof thelower houseof theDiet of Japan.
Economy
editAgriculture, notablydairy farmingdominates the local economy. Hanamaki is also noted for electrical appliances. The area is also noted for its manyonsen(hot spring) resorts.[8]
Education
editFuji University,a private university, is located in Hanamaki.
The city government operates 19 public elementary schools[9]and 11 public junior high schools.[10]There are seven public high schools operated by the Iwate Prefectural Board of Education. The prefecture also operates one special education school.[11]
Transportation
editRailway
edit
East Japan Railway Company(JR East) -Tōhoku Shinkansen
East Japan Railway Company(JR East) -Tōhoku Main Line
East Japan Railway Company(JR East) -Kamaishi Line
Highway
edit
Tōhoku Expressway– Hanamaki Parking Area – Hanamaki-minami Interchange – Hanamaki Junction – Hanamaki Interchange
Kamaishi Expressway– Hanamaki Junction – Hanamaki Airport Interchange – Tōwa Interchange
National Route 4
National Route 107
National Route 283
National Route 396
National Route 456
Airport
editLocal attractions
editHanamaki is known historically for its manyonsen(hot springs). Kenji Miyazawa's various legacies are the old Hanamaki city's other perennial tourist attraction; notably the Miyazawa Kenji Memorial Museum features several exhibitions related to his life and works.[12]The city also has a ski slope.
One of Hanamaki's most notable events is the Hanamaki Matsuri, anannual festivalwhich takes place the second weekend of September and dates back to 1593. The three-day festivities include a dance of over one thousand synchronized traditional dancers; the carrying of over one hundred smallshrines;and the parading of a dozen or so large, hand-constructed floats depicting historical, fictional, or mythical scenes and accompanied by drummers, flautists, and lantern-carriers. Of these dances, the most famous isShishi Odori(dance of the deer). This dance involves men dressing as deer and banging drums.
With the city's recent mergers, Hanamaki now lays claim to its absorbed towns' attractions. Ōhasama is famous for local varieties of traditionalKaguradance.Kaguradancers often appear at area festivals or functions. On a hill above the town of Ōhasama proper stands a statue resembling the wolf-like costumes donned by Hayachine Kagura dancers.Mt. Hayachine,which at 1917 m (6289 ft) is the second highest mountain in Iwate Prefecture, lies in the northeast section of Ōhasama. The area is home to the regionally well-known Edel Wine. In September, the Ōhasama Wine House hosts the annual Wine Festival. Around the time of Japan'sGirls' Festival,Ōhasama puts on displays of its collection ofdolls,many of which are several hundred years old. Local history suggests that the dolls may have been given to residents of Ōhasama by travelers fromKyotoon their way to trade inHokkaidō.Ishidoriya has a history of brewingsakeconnected with the NambuTojitradition.
International relations
edit
Berndorf,Austria, since 1965[13]
Rutland, Vermont,United States, since October 8, 1986- Hot Springs, Arkansas,United States, since January 15, 1993
Xigang District,Dalian,Liaoning,China, friendship city since 2010[14]
Each of the former towns merged with Hanamaki also conducted exchanges on their own, most of which have been taken up by the new Hanamaki city. Ōhasama was paired Berndorf. Mt. Hayachine is home to a particular species ofedelweiss,calledHayachine Usuyukiso,which grows exclusively on Mt. Hayachine. It was because of this flower thatmountain climbersfrom Ōhasama forged a friendship with those from Berndorf, Lower Austria. Ishidoriya was paired withRutland, Vermont.
Notable people from Hanamaki
edit- El Samurai,professional wrestler[15]
- Kazuhiro Hatakeyama,professional baseball player[16]
- Tetsugoro Yorozu,painter[17]
- Koi Ikeno,manga artist[18]
- Masanori Ito (music critic)[19]
- Shunkichi Kikuchi,photographer[20]
- Kenji Miyazawa,writer[21]
- Shohei Ohtani,professional baseball player
References
edit- ^Hanamaki City official statistics
- ^Kỹ càng tỉ mỉ データ nham tay huyện hoa quyển thị.Thị đinh thôn の tư グラフと thống kê でみる nông lâm nghiệp thủy sản nghiệp(in Japanese). Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. 2016.Retrieved13 April2017.
- ^Hanamaki climate data
- ^Quan trắc sử thượng 1～10 vị の trị ( trong năm を thông じて の trị ).JMA.RetrievedFebruary 24,2022.
- ^Khí tượng sảnh / năm thường trị ( năm ・ nguyệt ごと の trị ).JMA.RetrievedFebruary 24,2022.
- ^Hanamaki population statistics
- ^Hanamaki City Home page:Yokoso! HanamakiArchived2017-06-19 at theWayback Machine(in Japanese)
- ^Campbell, Allen; Nobel, David S (1993).Japan: An Illustrated Encyclopedia.Kodansha. p. 497.ISBN406205938X.
- ^Hanamaki city home page: List of elementary schoolsArchived2017-11-09 at theWayback Machine(in Japanese)
- ^Hanamaki city home page: List of junior high schoolsArchived2017-11-09 at theWayback Machine(in Japanese)
- ^Hanamaki Seifu Shien-Gakko(in Japanese)
- ^Organization, Japan National Tourism."Miyazawa Kenji Memorial Museum | Travel Japan - Japan National Tourism Organization (Official Site)".Travel Japan.Retrieved2024-05-18.
- ^"Verein Städtepartnerschaften der Stadt Berndorf"(in German). Official home page of Stadt Berndorf. 2005.Retrieved12 December2015.
- ^"International Exchange".List of Affiliation Partners within Prefectures.Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR).Retrieved21 November2015.
- ^World of Wrestling profile
- ^
- Career statistics fromBaseball Reference (Minors)
- ^["Archived copy".Archived fromthe originalon 2011-09-27.Retrieved2010-01-15.
{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)Biography on Iwate Prefectural home page]] - ^Hanamaki, IwateatAnime News Network's encyclopedia
- ^"Y đằng chính tắc - Tower Records Online".
- ^[ "Kikuchi Shunkichi".Nihon shashinka jiten( Nhật Bản chân dung gia sự điển ) /328 Outstanding Japanese Photographers.Kyoto: Tankōsha, 2000.ISBN4-473-01750-8
- ^Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japanarticle "Miyazawa Kenji" (p. 222–223). 1983. Tokyo: Kodansha.
External links
edit
Hanamakitravel guide from Wikivoyage- Official Website(in Japanese)
