Wikipedia

Hanna-Barbera

(Redirected fromHanna-Barbera Cartoons)
This article is about the American production company active from 1957 to 2001. For the individuals, seeWilliam HannaandJoseph Barbera.For the currently active British animation studio, seeHanna-Barbera Studios Europe.

Hanna-Barbera Cartoons, Inc.(/bɑːrˈbɛərə/bar-BAIR-ə)[1][2](founded and formerly known asH-B Enterprises,Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc.andH-B Production Co.) was an Americanproduction company,which was active from 1957 until its absorption intoWarner Bros. Animationin 2001. Founded on July 7, 1957 byTom and JerrycreatorsWilliam HannaandJoseph Barberaalong withGeorge Sidney,[3]it was headquartered in Los Angeles at theKling Studiosfrom 1957 to 1960, then onCahuenga Boulevardfrom 1960 to 1998 and subsequently at theSherman Oaks GalleriainSherman Oaksfrom 1998 to 2001.

Hanna-Barbera Cartoons, Inc.
Formerly
  • H-B Enterprises(1957–1959)
  • Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc.(1959–1992)
  • H-B Production Co.(1992–1993)
Company typeIn-name-only unit ofWarner Bros.
Industry
  • Film
  • Animation
  • Television
Predecessor
FoundedJuly 7, 1957;67 years ago(1957-07-07)
Founders
Defunct2001;23 years ago(2001)
FateAbsorbed intoWarner Bros. Animation
Successors
Headquarters
Products
  • Theatrical feature films
  • Television films
  • Television series
  • Theatrical short films
  • Commercials
  • Direct-to-video entries
  • Television specials
Owner
Parent
Divisions

Notable productions that the studio produced includeThe Huckleberry Hound Show,theFlintstonesfranchise, theYogi Bearfranchise, theScooby-Doofranchise (until 2001),The Smurfs,and the opening credits ofBewitched.With these productions, Hanna-Barbera may have usurpedDisneyas the most successfulanimation studioin the world, with its characters becoming ubiquitous across different types of media and myriad consumer products.[4][5][6]

By the 1980s, however, the studio's fortunes were in decline, as the profitability ofSaturday-morning cartoonswas eclipsed by weekday afternoonsyndication.Taft Broadcastingacquired Hanna-Barbera in 1966 and retained ownership until 1991. It was in this year whenTurner Broadcasting Systemacquired the studio,[7]using the back catalog to establishCartoon Networkthe following year.[8][9][10]

By the time Hanna died in 2001, Hanna-Barbera as a standalone company was folded into Warner Bros. Animation. The name continues to be used for copyright, marketing and branding purposes for former properties now produced byWarner Bros.

History

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Tom and Jerryand birth of a studio (1938–1957)

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William Denby "Bill" HannaandJoseph Roland "Joe" Barberamet at theMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer(MGM) studio in 1938, while working at itsanimation unit.Having worked at other studios since the early 1930s, they solidified a six decade working partnership, leading to their very first collaborative success,Tom and Jerry,centering on the madcap comical adventures of a cat and a mouse.

Hanna supervised the animation,[11]while Barbera did the stories and pre-production. Seven of the 114 cartoons won seven Oscars for"Best Short Subject (Cartoons)"between 1943 and 1953, and five additional shorts were nominated for twelve awards during this period. However, they were awarded to producerFred Quimby,who was not involved in the development of the shorts.[12]: 83–84 

Sequences forAnchors Aweigh,Dangerous When WetandInvitation to the Danceand shortsGallopin' Gals,The Goose Goes South,Officer Pooch,War DogsandGood Will to Menwere also made. With Quimby's retirement in May 1955, Hanna and Barbera became the producers in charge of the MGM animation studio's output.[13]

In addition to continuing to write and direct newTom & Jerryshorts, now inCinemaScope,Hanna and Barbera supervised the last seven shorts ofTex Avery'sDroopyseries and produced and directed the short-livedSpike and Tyke,which ran for two entries. In addition to their work on the cartoons, the two men moonlighted on outside projects, including title sequences and commercials forI Love Lucy.[14]

MGM decided in mid-1957 to close its cartoon studio, as it felt it had acquired a reasonable backlog of shorts for re-release.[13]While contemplating their future, Hanna and Barbera began producing additional animated television commercials.[15]During their last year at MGM, they had developed a concept for a new animated TV program about a cat and a dog.[15]

After failing to convince the studio to back their venture,George Sidney,who had worked with Hanna and Barbera on several of his movies for MGM, offered to serve as their business partner and convincedScreen Gemsto make a deal with the producers.[3]A coin toss gave Hanna precedence in naming the new studio.Harry Cohn,president and head of Columbia Pictures, took an 18% ownership inH-B Enterprises,[3]and provided working capital.

Screen Gems became the new distributor and its licensing agent, handling merchandizing of the characters from the animated programs[16]as the cartoon firm officially opened for business in rented offices on the lot of Kling Studios (formerlyCharlie Chaplin Studios)[14]on July 7, 1957, one year after the MGM animation studio closed.[15]

Sidney and several Screen Gems alumni became members of the studio's board of directors and much of the former MGM animation staff—including animatorsCarlo Vinci,Kenneth Muse,Lewis Marshall,Michael LahandEd Bargeand layout artistsEd BenedictandRichard Bickenbach—became the new production staff[15]whileHoyt Curtinwas in charge of providing the music.

Success with animated series (1957–1969)

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Logo used from 1957 to 1959.

The Ruff and Reddy Show,[17]the company's first television series, premiered onNBCon December 14, 1957,[18]thenThe Huckleberry Hound Showdebuted one year later, in 1958, airing in most markets, and was also the first cartoon to win anEmmy.Several animation alumni joined – in particular formerWarner Bros. CartoonsstorymenMichael MalteseandWarren Fosteras head writers,Joe RubyandKen Spearsas film editors andIwao Takamotoas character designer.[15]

After reincorporating asHanna-Barbera Productions, Inc.,The Quick Draw McGraw Showand the theatrical cartoon short seriesLoopy De Loopfollowed in 1959.Walt Disney Productionslaid off several of its animators afterSleeping Beauty(1959)bombed on the box-officeduring its initial theatrical run, with many of them moving to Hanna-Barbera shortly afterwards.[19]In August 1960, it moved into a window-less, cinder block building at 3501Cahuenga BoulevardWest.[20]Though too small to house the staff, some of its employees worked at home.

The Flintstonespremiered onABCon September 30 1960, becoming so the first animated series airing in prime time. It is loosely based onThe Honeymoonersand is set in a fictionalized Stone Age of cavemen and dinosaurs.Jackie Gleasonconsidered suing Hanna-Barbera forcopyright infringement,but decided not to because he did not want to be known as "the man who yankedFred Flintstoneoff the air ".[21]For six seasons, it became the longest-running animated show in American prime time at the time (untilThe Simpsonsbeat it in 1997), a ratings and merchandising success and the top-ranking animated program in syndication history. It initially received mixed reviews from critics, but its reputation eventually improved and it is now considered a classic.

The Yogi Bear Show,Top Cat,The Hanna-Barbera New Cartoon Series(consisting ofWally Gator,Touché Turtle and Dum DumandLippy the Lion and Hardy Har Har) andThe Jetsonssoon followed in 1961 and 1962. Several animated television commercials were produced as well, often starring their own characters (including thePebbles cerealcommercials forPost) and the opening credits forBewitched,in which animated caricatures of Samantha and Darrin appeared. These characterizations were reused inThe Flintstones'sixth season episode "Samantha".

The former Hanna-Barbera building at 3400Cahuenga BoulevardWest inHollywood,seen in a 2007 photograph. The small yellow structure (lower right) was originally the "guard shack" for the property entrance to the east of the building.

In 1963, Hanna-Barbera's operations moved to 3400Cahuenga BoulevardWest inHollywood Hills/Studio City.This contemporary office building was designed by architectArthur Froehlich.Its ultra-modern design included a sculpted latticework exterior, moat, fountains, and aJetsons-like tower.The Magilla Gorilla Show,Jonny Quest,The Peter Potamus Show,Atom AntandSecret Squirrelfollowed in 1964 and 1965.

The partnership with Screen Gems would last until 1965 when Hanna and Barbera announced the sale of their studio toTaft Broadcasting.[16]Taft's acquisition of Hanna-Barbera was delayed for a year by a lawsuit from Cohn's family, wifeJoan Perryand sons John and Harrison Cohn, who felt the studio undervalued the Cohns' 18% share in when it was sold a few years previously.[22]

In 1966,Frankenstein Jr. and The ImpossiblesandSpace Ghostdebuted, and by December of that year the litigation had been settled, Taft finally acquired Hanna-Barbera for $12 million and folded the studio into its corporate structure in 1967 and 1968,[16]becoming its distributor. Hanna and Barbera stayed on while Screen Gems retained licensing and distribution rights to their previous produced cartoons[16]and trademarks to the characters into the 1970s and 1980s.[16][23]

Shazzan,The Banana Splits,Wacky Racesand its spin-offs (Dastardly and Muttley in Their Flying MachinesandThe Perils of Penelope Pitstop) andCattanooga Catsfollowed from 1967 to 1969. The studio's record and music label, Hanna-Barbera Records,[24]was headed byDanny Huttonand distributed byColumbia.Children's records featuring its characters were released byColpix.Hanna-Barbera teamed up with the National Catholic Office for Radio and Television to produce 26 half-hour animated films in 1970, which never materialized.[25]

Mysteries, spin-offs, and more (1969–1979)

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Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!debuted onCBSon September 13, 1969; created by Ruby and Spears, it is a mystery-based program which blended comedy, action, and elements fromI Love a MysteryandThe Many Loves of Dobie Gillis.[26][27]For two seasons, it centered on four teenagers and a dog solving supernatural mysteries, and became one of Hanna-Barbera's most successful creations, spawning several new spin-offs, such asThe New Scooby-Doo Movies,Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Dooand many others, which were regularly in production at Hanna-Barbera into the 1990s.[28]

Referred to as "TheGeneral Motorsof animation ", Hanna-Barbera produced nearly two-thirds of allSaturday-morning cartoonsin a single year.Josie and the Pussycats,The Funky Phantom,The Amazing Chan and the Chan Clan,Speed Buggy,Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kids,Goober and the Ghost Chasers,Inch High, Private Eye,Clue Club,Jabberjaw,Captain Caveman and the Teen AngelsandThe New Shmoobuilt upon the mystery-solving template set byScooby-Doo,with further shows built around teenagers solving mysteries with a comic relief pet of some sort.

Starting in 1971, many newspin-offs,such asThe Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm Show,featuring Fred and Barney's now teenaged children along withThe Flintstone Comedy Hour,The Tom and Jerry Show,The New Fred and Barney Showand "all-star" showsYogi's Gang,Laff-A-Lympics,Yogi's Space RaceandGalaxy Goof-Upscame to the airwaves.

Hanna-Barbera teamed up withAvco Broadcasting Corporationin 1971, a company that was once a rival to its owner Taft at that time, who maintains rivalry in theColumbusandCincinnatimarkets, to produce two holiday specials for the syndicated market by way of its syndicated division.[29]In 1972, H-B opened an animation studio in Australia, with the Hamlyn Group acquiring a 50% stake in 1974.

Hamlyn was acquired byJames Hardie Industries.Hanna-Barbera Australiabought itself out from Hardie and Taft in 1988, changing its name to Southern Star Group, since becomingEndemol Shine Australia,a division ofBanijay.Super Friends,an action-adventure show adapted fromDC Comics'Justice League of Americaand the first of many iterations of theSuper Friendsseries, premiered on ABC on September 8, 1973. It returned to production in 1976, remaining on ABC through 1985 withThe All-New Super Friends Hour,Challenge of the SuperfriendsandThe World's Greatest Super Friends.

WhileHelp!... It's the Hair Bear Bunch!,Sealab 2020,Wait Till Your Father Gets HomeandHong Kong Phooeyaired,Charlotte's Web,an adaptation of thenovel of the same name,was released on March 1, 1973 byParamount Pictures,to moderate critical and commercial success, and was the first of only four Hanna-Barbera films not to be based upon one of their famous television cartoons (the other three beingC.H.O.M.P.S.,Heidi's SongandOnce Upon a Forest).

With the majority of American television animation during the second half of the 20th century made by Hanna-Barbera and more cartoons likeCB Bears,Buford and the Galloping Ghost,The All New Popeye HourandGodzilla,major competition was coming fromFilmationandDePatie–Freleng.Then-ABC presidentFred Silvermangave its Saturday-morning time to them after dropping Filmation for its failure ofUncle Croc's Block.[citation needed]

New live-action material was produced, as well as new live-action/animated combos since the mid-1960s. In 1975, former MGM executiveHerbert F. Solowjoined the company to start a live-action unit, Hanna-Barbera Television, to produce prime time programming,[30]which later spun off and became Solow Production Company in 1976.[31][32]

Along with the animation industry in the U.S., it moved away from producing in-house in the late 1970s and early 1980s. WhileThe Great Grape Ape ShowandThe Mumbly Cartoon Showaired, Ruby and Spears worked with Hanna-Barbera in 1976 and 1977 as ABC network executives to create and develop new cartoons before leaving in 1977 to start their company,Ruby-Spears Enterprises,withFilmwaysas its parent division.[27]In 1979, Taft boughtWorldvision Enterprises,which became Hanna-Barbera's new distributor.

Control decrease andSmurfs-era (1980–1991)

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Super Friends,The Fonz and the Happy Days Gang,Richie Rich,The Flintstone Comedy Show,Space Stars,The Kwicky Koala Show,TrollkinsandLaverne and Shirley in the Armydebuted in 1980 and 1981, while Taft purchased Ruby-Spears from Filmways (which was eventually absorbed intoOrion Picturesthe following year), making it a sister studio to Hanna-Barbera and as a result, several early-1980s series were shared between both studios.[33]

While Filmation,Sunbow Productions,Marvel Productions,Rankin/Bass,DIC,Saban Entertainmentand other Hollywood animation factories introduced successful animated seriessyndicated,including some based on licensed properties, Hanna-Barbera fell behind, as it no longer dominated the TV animation market as it did years earlier and lost control over children's programming, going down from 80% to 20%.

The Smurfs,adapted fromthe Belgian comicbyPeyoand centering on a group of tiny blue creatures led byPapa Smurf,debuted on NBC on September 12, 1981 and aired for nine seasons until December 2, 1989, becoming so the longest-runningSaturday-morning cartoonseries in broadcast history, a significant ratings success, the top-rated program in eight years and the highest for an NBC show since 1970.[34]The Gary Coleman Show,Shirt Tales,Pac-Man,The Little Rascals,The Dukes,Monchhichis,The New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo ShowandThe Biskittsfollowed in 1982 and 1983.

Followinga 1982 strike,[35]more cartoons were outsourced toCuckoo's Nest Studios,Mr. Big Cartoons,Toei Animationand Fil-Cartoons in Australia and Asia, which provided production services to the studio from 1982 to the end of its existence.Challenge of the GoBots,Pink Panther and Sons,Super Friends: The Legendary Super Powers Show,Snorks,The Greatest Adventure: Stories from the Bible,[36]Galtar and the Golden Lance,Yogi's Treasure Hunt,The Super Powers Team: Galactic Guardians,The 13 Ghosts of Scooby-DooandPaw Pawsdebuted in 1984 and 1985.

Pound Puppies,The Flintstone Kids,Foofur,Wildfire,new episodes ofJonny Quest,Sky CommandersandPopeye and Sonarrived in 1986 and 1987. After its financial troubles affected Hanna-Barbera, theAmerican Financial Corporationacquired Taft in 1987 and renamed it Great American Broadcasting.[37]A Pup Named Scooby-Doo,The Completely Mental Misadventures of Ed Grimley,new episodes ofYogi Bear,Fantastic Max,The Further Adventures of SuperTedandPaddington Bearfollowed in 1988 and 1989.

Hanna-Barbera Poland, aPolishbranch of the American studio, opened up and dealt with the promotion and distribution of animated H-B content and is most well known for releasing VHS tapes with Polish music distributor P.P. Polskie Nagrania, which mostly consisted of numbered compilation releases of Hanna-Barbera shows on one tape. This would last until 1993, when the company separated and reincorporated itself as Curtis Art Productions.

Great American sold Worldvision toAaron Spelling Productions,while Hanna-Barbera and its library remained with them. Hanna-Barbera split off from Worldvision Home Video in early 1989 to start out its own home video division, Hanna-Barbera Home Video.[38]In January 1989, while working onA Pup Named Scooby-Doo,Tom Rueggergot a call fromWarner Bros.to resurrect its animation department.[39]

Ruegger, along with several of his colleagues, left Hanna-Barbera at that time to developTiny Toon Adventuresat Warner Bros.[39]David Kirschner,known forAn American TailandChild's Play,was later appointed as the studio's new CEO.[40]Later that year, the company had a licensing agreement with MicroIllusions, a video game publisher, to produce video games based on its properties, namelyJonny Quest,The Jetsonsand others.[41]

In 1990, while Kirschner and the studio formed Bedrock Productions[42]and Great American putting Hanna-Barbera and Ruby-Spears up for sale,Midnight Patrol: Adventures in the Dream Zone,Rick Moranis in Gravedale High,Tom & Jerry Kids,Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventures,The Adventures of Don Coyote and Sancho PandaandWake, Rattle, and Rolldebuted that year.The Pirates of Dark Water,Yo Yogi!andYoung Robin Hoodwould follow in 1991.

Acquisition by Turner Broadcasting System and absorption into Warner Bros. Animation (1991–2001)

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Turner Broadcasting SystemoutbidMCA(then-parent company ofUniversal Pictures),Hallmark Cardsand other major companies in acquiring Hanna-Barbera while also purchasing Ruby-Spears as well.[citation needed]The two studios were acquired in a 50-50 joint venture between Turner Broadcasting System andApollo Investment Fundfor $320 million.[43][44]Turner purchased these assets to launch a then-new all-animation network aimed at children and younger audiences.

Scott SassahiredFred Seibertto head Hanna-Barbera, who filled the gap left by Great American's crew with new animators, directors, producers and writers, includingCraig McCracken,Donovan Cook,Genndy Tartakovsky,David Feiss,Seth MacFarlane,Van PartibleandButch Hartman.[45]After being newly named asH-B Production Co.,Capitol CrittersandFish Policedebuted in 1992.Cartoon Networklaunched on October 1 of that year, and became the first 24-hour all-animation channel, to air its library of cartoon classics, of which Hanna-Barbera was the core contributor.[46]

In 1993, the studio again renamed itself toHanna-Barbera Cartoons, Inc.(though the Hanna-Barbera Productions name was still used in regards to the pre-1992 properties) and, while Turner acquired its remaining interests from Apollo Investment Fund for $255 million,[47]2 Stupid Dogs,Droopy, Master Detective,The New Adventures of Captain PlanetandSWAT Kats: The Radical Squadronemerged that year. Turner refocused the studio to produce new shows exclusively for its networks.

In 1995, while Bruce Johnson would leave the company,[48]Dumb and Dumberdebuted, while Seibert launchedWhat a Cartoon!for Cartoon Network. During 1996,Dexter's Laboratory,The Real Adventures of Jonny QuestandCave Kidsdebuted, while Turner merged withTime Warner(nowWarner Bros. Discovery). WhileJohnny BravoandCow and Chickenaired, the Hanna-Barbera studio faced demolition after many of its staff vacated the facilities in 1997, despite the efforts of preserving it.

Sherman Oaks Galleriain 2002. The building where Hanna-Barbera andWarner Bros. Animationwere located from 1998 to 2001 is visible on the right.

In 1998, followingThe Powerpuff Girls,Hanna-Barbera moved from Cahuenga Blvd. toSherman Oaks GalleriainSherman Oaks, Californiain 1998, where Warner Bros. Animation was located.I Am Weaselwould be its final show in 1999. After the studio's absorption into Warner Bros. Animation,[49][50]Hanna died of throat cancer on March 22, 2001, at the age of 90 years old.

Aftermath and Barbera's final years (2001–2006)

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Logo used on Warner Bros.-branded Hanna-Barbera material since 2001.

WhileCartoon Network Studiostook over production of programming,[51]theLos Angeles City Councilapproved a plan to preserve the Cahuenga Blvd. headquarters in May 2004, while allowing retail and residential development on the site.[52]

Barbera died of natural causes on December 18, 2006, at the age of 95 years old.[53]Warner Bros. Animation continues to produce new productions based on the Hanna-Barbera properties since then.[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62]Cartoon Network Studios Europewas rebranded asHanna-Barbera Studios Europepaying tribute to the studio in April 2021.[63]

Production

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Production process changes

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The small budgets that television animation producers had to work within prevented Hanna-Barbera from working with the full theatrical-quality animation that Hanna and Barbera had been known for at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. While the budget for MGM's seven-minuteTom and Jerryshorts was about $35,000, the Hanna-Barbera studios were required to produce five-minuteRuff and Reddyepisodes for no more than $3,000 apiece.[3]To keep within these tighter budgets, Hanna-Barbera furthered the concept oflimited animation(also called "planned animation" )[64]practiced and popularized by theUnited Productions of America(UPA) studio, which also once had a partnership with Columbia Pictures. Character designs were simplified, and backgrounds and animation cycles (walks, runs, etc.) were regularly re-purposed.

Characters were often broken up into a handful of levels so that only the parts of the body that needed to be moved at a given time (i.e. a mouth, an arm, a head) were animated. The rest of the figure remained on a held animation cel. This allowed a typical seven-minute short to be done with only nearly 2,000 drawings instead of the usual 14,000.[65]Dialogue, music, and sound effects were emphasized over action, leadingChuck Jones—a contemporary who worked forWarner Bros. Cartoonsand whose shortThe Dover Boyspractically invented many of the concepts in limited animation—to disparagingly refer to the limited television cartoons produced by Hanna-Barbera and others as "illustrated radio".[66]

In a story published byThe Saturday Evening Postin 1961, critics stated that Hanna-Barbera was taking on more work than it could handle and was resorting to shortcuts only a television audience would tolerate.[67]An executive who worked forWalt Disney Productionssaid, "We don't even consider [them] competition".[67]Animation historian Christopher P. Lehman argues that Hanna-Barbera attempted to maximize theirbottom lineby recycling story formulas and characterization instead of introducing new ones. Once a formula for an original series was deemed successful, the studio reused it in subsequent series.[68]Besides copying their own works, Hanna-Barbera drew inspiration from the works of other people and studios.[68]

Lehman considers that the studio served as the main example of how animation studios that focused on TV animation differed from those that focused on theatrical animation. Theatrical animation studios tried to maintain full and fluid animation and consequently struggled with the rising expenses associated with producing it.[68]Limited animation as practiced by Hanna-Barbera kept production costs at a minimum. The cost in quality of using this technique was that Hanna-Barbera's characters only moved when necessary.[68]

Its solution to the criticism over its quality was to go into films. It produced six theatrical feature films, among them are higher-quality versions of its television cartoons and adaptations of other material. It was also one of the first animation studios to have their work produced overseas. One of these companies was a subsidiary began by Hanna-Barbera in November 1987 called Fil-Cartoons in thePhilippines,[69][70]with Jerry Smith as a consultant for the subsidiary.[71]Wang Film Productionsgot its start as an overseas facility for the studio in 1978.[72]

Digital innovation

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Hanna-Barbera was among the first animation studios to incorporate digital tools into their pipeline. As early as the 1970s, they experimented with usingScanimate,avideo synthesizer,to create an early form of digitalcutout style.A clip of artists using the machine to manipulate scanned images ofScooby-Doocharacters, scaling and warping the artwork to simulate animation, is available at theInternet Archive.[73]

Likewise, Hanna-Barbera was perhaps the first proponent ofdigital ink and paint,a process wherein animators' drawings were scanned into computers and colored using software. Led byMarc Levoy,Hanna-Barbera began developing a computerized digital ink and paint system in 1979 to help bypass much of the time-consuming labor of painting and photographing cels.[74]The process was implemented on a third of Hanna-Barbera's animated programs, televised feature films and specials from 1982 through 1996.[74][75]

Sound effects

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Hanna-Barbera was known for its large library of sound effects, which have been featured in exhibitions at the Norman Rockwell Museum.[76]

Ownership

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After Hanna-Barbera's partnership with Screen Gems ended in 1966, it was sold to Taft Broadcasting,[77]where it remained its owner until 1991 when Turner Broadcasting System acquired the studio and its library for its flagship network, Cartoon Network.[78][79]In 1996, Turner merged with Time Warner, then WarnerMedia, now Warner Bros. Discovery.[80]

The studio was separated from Cartoon Network Studios and absorbed into Warner Bros. Animation in 2001. Since its closure, Hanna-Barbera became an in-name-only unit ofWarner Bros.and it has continued to produce new material and programming based on its classic intellectual property and the classic Hanna-Barbera logo occasionally appears.

In 1998, the rights to Hanna-Barbera's productions for Cartoon Network (excludingThe Real Adventures of Jonny Quest) were transferred to the latter entity, Cartoon Network claimed ownership of later Hanna-Barbera co-productions beginning withCow & Chicken's third season.

Filmography

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Main article:List of works produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions

See also

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References

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  1. ^Olausson, Lena; Sangster, Catherine (2006).Oxford BBC Guide to Pronunciation.Oxford University Press. p. 165.ISBN0-19-280710-2.
  2. ^"ABC Book".National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled.RetrievedSeptember 5,2024.
  3. ^abcdHanna, William and Ito, Tom (1999).A Cast of Friends.New York: Da Capo Press. 0306-80917-6. Pg. 81–83
  4. ^Holz, Jo (2017).Kids' TV Grows Up: The Path from Howdy Doody to SpongeBob.Jefferson, NC: McFarland. pp. 81–85, 124–126.ISBN978-1-4766-6874-1.
  5. ^"William Hanna – Awards".AllMovie.RetrievedJune 10,2016.
  6. ^"Hanna-Barbera Sculpture Unveiled Animation Legends Honored in Hall of Fame Plaza".Emmys.March 16, 2005.RetrievedJune 10,2016.
  7. ^"Hanna-Barbera Acquired By Taft Broadcasting Co".The New York Times.December 29, 1966.RetrievedNovember 5,2018.
  8. ^"COMPANY NEWS; Hanna-Barbera Sale Is Weighed".The New York Times.July 20, 1991.RetrievedAugust 19,2010.
  9. ^Carter, Bill (February 19, 1992)."COMPANY NEWS; A New Life For Cartoons".The New York Times.RetrievedAugust 17,2010.
  10. ^"Turner Buys Remaining 50% Stake in Hanna-Barbera".The New York Times.December 30, 1993.RetrievedMay 11,2023.
  11. ^Barbera 1994,p. 83–84.
  12. ^Barbera 1994,p. 207.
  13. ^abBarrier 2003,pp. 547–548.
  14. ^abLeonard Maltin(1997).Interview with Joseph Barbera(Digital).Archive of American Television.
  15. ^abcdeBarrier 2003,pp. 560–562.
  16. ^abcdeRogers, Lawrence H. (2000).History of U. S. Television: A Personal Reminiscence.Bloomington. IN. USA: AuthorHouse. pg. 444-447
  17. ^Benzel, Jan (January 23, 1996)."Caveman to Carp: The Prime-Time Cartoon Devolves".The New York Times.RetrievedAugust 17,2009.
  18. ^Barbera 1994,p. 123.
  19. ^Norman, Floyd(August 18, 2008)."Toon Tuesday: Here's to the real survivors".Jim Hill Media.Archived fromthe originalon March 19, 2023.RetrievedMarch 18,2023.
  20. ^Variety,July 20, 1960, pg. 20
  21. ^p.54 Brooks, MariaThe American Family on Television: A Chronology of 121 Shows,1948-2004 March 30, 2005 by McFarland & Company
  22. ^Shostak, Stu (November 3, 2011). "Interview with Jerry Eisenberg, Scott Shaw!, and Earl Kress".Stu's Show.Retrieved March 18, 2013.Jerry Eisenberg,Scott Shaw!,andEarl Kresswere all former employees of Hanna-Barbera over the years, and relate the history of the studio to host Stu Shostak
  23. ^"BRIEFCASE: Great American Broadcasting".Orlando Sentinel.August 19, 1989.RetrievedDecember 23,2014.
  24. ^Davidson, Chris (March 27, 2007)."Animation + Rock = Fun: The Danny Hutton Interview".Bubblegum University. Archived fromthe originalon February 24, 2009.
  25. ^"Program notes"(PDF).Broadcasting.August 25, 1969. p. 46.RetrievedOctober 10,2023.
  26. ^Laurence Marcus & Stephen R. Hulce (October 2000). "Scooby-Doo, Where Are YouArchived2013-01-28 at theWayback Machine".Television Heaven.Retrieved on June 9, 2006.
  27. ^abShostak, Stu (February 5, 2012). "Interview with Joe Ruby and Ken Spears".Stu's Show.Retrieved March 18, 2013.
  28. ^Orr, Christopher (April 19, 2020)."The Secret of Scooby-Doo's Enduring Appeal".The Atlantic.RetrievedApril 25,2020.
  29. ^"Program notes"(PDF).Broadcasting.February 15, 1971. p. 47.RetrievedOctober 10,2023.
  30. ^"Fates & Fortunes"(PDF).Broadcasting.September 1, 1975. p. 49.RetrievedOctober 8,2023.
  31. ^Shostak, Stu (12-20-2006). "Interview with Mark Evanier".Stu's Show.Retrieved June 17, 2014.
  32. ^"Fates & Fortunes"(PDF).Broadcasting.May 24, 1976. p. 63.RetrievedOctober 8,2023.
  33. ^Shostak, Stu (01-16-2013). "Program 305(TV animation producers JOE RUBY and KEN SPEARS return to discuss the formation of their own company and creating such series as "Fangface", "Rickety Rocket", "Goldie Gold" and many others. Also - animation writer MARK EVANIER talks about working on "Thundarr" and "Plastic Man" for the team.)".Stu's Show.Retrieved March 18, 2013.
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