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Hereford Cathedral Library

Hereford Cathedral Libraryis a workingtheological lending and reference librarylocated inHereford Cathedral,Hereford,England; it also holds books and manuscripts of major importance to the history of thecountyofHerefordshire.Hereford Cathedral Library is also well known for its chained books as it is the only library of this type to survive with all of the chains, rods and locks still intact.[1]

Hereford Cathedral Library
The Chained Library at Hereford Cathedral
Map
52°03′15″N2°42′57″W/ 52.054219°N 2.715898°W/52.054219; -2.715898
LocationHereford,United Kingdom
TypeChristian library
ScopeHistorical books
Established1611(1611)
Other information
Websiteherefordcathedral.org

History

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16th and 17th centuries

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During the reign ofElizabeth I,in 1582, a commission investigating the cathedral found that the collection, gathered since the 12th century, was poorly organised and poorly kept.[2]In 1590 the whole library was moved to the Lady Chapel, and in 1611 the Chained Library (with books in manuscript chained to their places) was established byThomas Thornton.Thornton, who was canon of Hereford from 1583 onwards and vice-chancellor ofOxford Universityin 1583 and 1599, was the first to chain books in the library.[3]William Brewsterbequeathed the collection toSt John's College, Oxford.[4]Many books were added in the 17th century and in 1678 the collection from the Jesuit College atCwm, Llanrothal,Wales, joined the library when the college was shut down following the invasion byJohn Arnold of Monmouthshire.

19th and 20th centuries

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In the 1840s, the cathedral underwent considerable restoration work and the books and shelves had to be removed from the Lady Chapel.[3]It was split between the North Transept and the Victorian Dean Leigh Library.[3]In 1854,Francis Tebbs Havergalwas appointed deputy librarian and he greatly improved the library and paid attention to details such as the room temperature and cleanliness.[5]B. F. Streeter was responsible for a major change in the organisation of the library as were librarians such as Langton E. Brown and Maude Bull from 1897 onwards;[6]Bull worked in the library for over fifty years until her death in 1951.[6]For years, the notable scholar, CanonWilliam Wolfe Capes(1834–1914), sorted records within the library; he printed a volume containing early records, presenting it to the members of theCantilupe Society.[7]Also important in the library's history were Frederick Charles Morgan (died 1978, aged 100) and his daughter Penelope (1976–90).[8]F. C. Morgan supervised the cataloguing project of 1927 onwards, following a donation by the Dean Leigh Fund.[6]His nephew Paul was succeeded as honorary librarian by Penelope Morgan who remained in the post until 1989.[8][9]During theSecond World War,theMappa Mundi(the largest medieval map known to still exist) and other valuable manuscripts from the medieval period were kept elsewhere in safety and returned to the collection in 1946.[3]

Mappa Mundi Library

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In 1988 the Dean and Chapter proposed the sale of the Mappa Mundi and aroused considerable national opposition.[10]Following the setting up of a dedicated trust, a donation from SirPaul Getty,and an endowment from theNational Heritage Memorial Fund,the Mappa and chained library were transferred to the Mappa Mundi Charitable Trust and a new building designed by SirWilliam Whitfieldwas opened on 3 May 1996 by the Queen to house the historic collections and the historic chained library, which is open to the public.[3]

Both chained library and historic collections in store are now held in temperature-controlled, fire-resistant rooms and theMappaand historic collection are much easier to access than they were in the cathedral. However, the chained library is still chained to the bookshelves.[11]

Collection

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The Hereford Gospels,circa780, illustrating theGospel of John
Book shelves of Hereford Cathedral Library

Most of the books in the collection date to about 1100. The oldest volume in the library, theHereford GospelsinAnglo-Saxoncharacters, dates to around the year 780 and was the only book to survive the 1055 fire.[12]Many of the books and manuscripts were collected from Herefordshire, with many of those from the 14th century onwards related to county law.[3]For several centuries books were stored in cupboards or wooden chests until the first library room was established, in the south-west cloister of the cathedral, in the 15th century.[3]

The library contains mainly old books inmanuscriptchained to their places, some of them fine specimens of ancient handwriting, containing beautiful illustrations in gold and colour. The library has an ancient and well-preserved Herefordantiphonaryof the 13th century. Another treasure is an ancient reliquary of oak, bequeathed to the cathedral by Canon Russell, said to have been obtained it from a Roman Catholic family in whose possession it had long been. It is covered with copper plates overlaid withLimoges enamelrepresenting the murder and entombment ofSt. Thomas of Canterbury.The library is in possession of some 229 manuscripts, mainly theological, dated from the 8th to the 16th centuries.[13]Aside from the Hereford Gospels, is theWycliffite Bibleand the 13th centuryHereford Breviary– the only surviving copy.[13]

The Chained Library has about 1500 older books in its collection, dating mainly from the late 15th to the early 19th centuries, although it has some 56 books published before 1500.[13]The bulk of the collection is of books on theology, biblical and church studies and law. Aside from the 150 volumes, dated to the 16th and 17th centuries, from the Jesuit Library at Llanrothal, it received, in 1925, 242 volumes on theology from Paul Foley ofStoke Edith Houseand, in 1978, 260 volumes printed between 1494–1782 from the Library of Lady Hawkins School atKington.[13]The library has also received many other small donations over the years, revealing an important insight into the history of the county and ecclesiastical practices within it. The collection also containsmusic manuscriptsused in Hereford Cathedral between the late 17th and 19th centuries and some 9,000 items printed after 1850, as well as a local history section.[13]

Bibliography

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Notes
  1. ^"The Chained Library — Hereford Cathedral".Archived fromthe originalon 14 February 2013.Retrieved1 April2013."The Chained Library", Herefordcathedral.org, 2009
  2. ^Aylmer & Tiller 2000,p. 515
  3. ^abcdefg"History of the Chained Library".Herefordcathedral.org. Archived fromthe originalon 11 September 2011.Retrieved15 March2012.
  4. ^Ker, Neil Ripley; Perkin, Michael (2004).A Directory of the Parochial Libraries of the Church of England and the Church in Wales.Oxford University Press. p. 239.ISBN978-0-948170-13-3.Retrieved15 March2012.
  5. ^Aylmer & Tiller 2000,p. 525
  6. ^abcAylmer & Tiller 2000,p. 529
  7. ^Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons (1919).Papers by command(Public domain ed.). HMSO. pp. 1 ff.Retrieved15 March2012.
  8. ^abBarker, Nicolas(24 March 2006)."Paul Morgan, librarian and local historian".The Independent.Archived fromthe originalon 25 September 2015.Retrieved16 March2012.
  9. ^Clifford, Mary F. (4 October 1990). "Protector of a great treasure: obituary, Penelope Morgan".The Guardian.
  10. ^Driver, Christopher (19 November 1988). "World time forgot: the 13th-century world map up for sale is not the only neglected treasure of Hereford Cathedral".The Guardian.
  11. ^Blake, Monica (April 2004). "Art Index Retrospective: 1929-1984 now available via EBSCOhost®".The Electronic Library.22(2).doi:10.1108/el.2004.26322bab.013.ISSN0264-0473.
  12. ^Aylmer & Tiller 2000,p. 511
  13. ^abcde"Library Collections".Herefordcathedral.org. Archived fromthe originalon 19 December 2011.Retrieved15 March2012.
References

Further reading

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