Wikipedia

Hilda Solis

Hilda Lucia Solis(/soʊˈliːs/;[1]born October 20, 1957) is an American politician and a member of theLos Angeles County Board of Supervisorsfor the 1st district. Solis previously served as the 25thUnited States Secretary of Laborfrom 2009 to 2013, as part of theadministrationofPresidentBarack Obama.She is a member of theDemocratic Partyand served in theUnited States House of Representativesfrom 2001 to 2009, representing the31stand32nd congressional districtsofCaliforniathat includeEast Los Angelesand theSan Gabriel Valley.

Hilda Solis
Member of theLos Angeles County Board of Supervisors
from the 1st district
Incumbent
Assumed office
December 1, 2014
Preceded byGloria Molina
Chair of Los Angeles County
In office
December 8, 2020 – December 7, 2021
Preceded byKathryn Barger
Succeeded byHolly Mitchell
In office
December 8, 2015 – December 6, 2016
Preceded byMichael D. Antonovich(Mayor)
Succeeded byMark Ridley-Thomas
Chair pro tempore of Los Angeles County
In office
December 3, 2019 – December 8, 2020
Preceded byKathryn Barger
Succeeded byHolly Mitchell
In office
December 2, 2014 – December 8, 2015
Preceded byMichael D. Antonovich(Mayor pro tempore)
Succeeded byMark Ridley-Thomas
25thUnited States Secretary of Labor
In office
February 24, 2009 – January 22, 2013
PresidentBarack Obama
DeputySeth Harris
Preceded byElaine Chao
Succeeded byTom Perez
Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
fromCalifornia
In office
January 3, 2001 – February 24, 2009
Preceded byMatthew G. Martínez
Succeeded byJudy Chu
Constituency31st district(2001–2003)
32nd district(2003–2009)
Member of theCalifornia State Senate
from the24thdistrict
In office
December 5, 1994 – December 31, 2000
Preceded byArthur Torres
Succeeded byGloria Romero
Member of theCalifornia State Assembly
from the57thdistrict
In office
December 7, 1992 – November 30, 1994
Preceded byDave Elder
Succeeded byMartin Gallegos
Personal details
Born
Hilda Lucia Solis

(1957-10-20)October 20, 1957(age 67)
Los Angeles,California,U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
SpouseSami Sayyad
EducationCalifornia State Polytechnic University, Pomona(BA)
University of Southern California(MPA)

Solis was raised inLa Puente, California,by immigrant parents fromNicaraguaandMexico.She earned degrees from theCalifornia State Polytechnic University, Pomonaand theUniversity of Southern Californiaand worked for two federal agencies inWashington, D.C.Returning to her native state, she was elected to theRio Hondo Community CollegeBoard of Trustees in 1985, theCalifornia State Assemblyin 1992, and theCalifornia State Senatein 1994. She was the firstHispanicwoman to serve in the State Senate, and was reelected there in 1998. Solis sought to passenvironmental justicelegislation. She was the first female recipient of theJohn F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Awardin 2000.

Solis defeated a long-time Democratic incumbent as part of getting elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2000, where she focused mainly on labor causes and environmental work. She was reelected easily to four subsequent terms. In December 2008, President-electBarack Obamaannounced his intention to nominate Solis as the next secretary of labor. She took office after being confirmed by theUnited States Senatein February 2009, becoming the first Latina to lead one of theUnited States federal executive departments.There she focused on workplace safety issues and on strengthening compliance with wage and hour laws. In January 2013, Solis stepped down from her post as Labor Secretary.

Returning to the area of her upbringing, in April 2014, Solis formally announced a campaign for a seat on the non-partisanLos Angeles County Board of Supervisors.Solis won the seat outright in a June 3 election and was sworn in on December 1. As Supervisor, Solis successfully lobbied the state to allocate funds for theExide battery plant cleanup.One of her areas of responsibility wasDowntown Los Angeles,where her main priority was dealing withgentrificationand the lack ofaffordable housing.She was unopposed for re-election as Supervisor, which took place in June 2018. She served one-year terms ascounty chairfrom 2015 to 2016 and again from 2020 to 2021.

Early life and education

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Solis was born inLos Angeles, California,[2]as the daughter of immigrant parents who had met in citizenship class and married in 1953: Juana Sequeira (b. 1926, fromNicaragua) and Raúl Solís (fromMexico).[3][4]Her father was aTeamstersshop stewardin Mexico[5]and, after coming to the United States, worked at the Quemetcobattery recycling plantin theCity of Industryin theSan Gabriel Valley.[6]There he again organized for the Teamsters, to gain better health care benefits for workers,[7]but also contractedlead poisoning.[8]Her mother worked for over 20 years on the assembly line ofMattelonce her children were all of school age,[4]belonged to theUnited Rubber Workers,[9]and was outspoken about working conditions.[8]She stressed the importance of education and was a devoutRoman Catholic.[3][7]Her Catholic faith, she said, "is a part of my life. My faith is what motivates me."[10]

Hilda Solis is the third oldest of seven siblings (four sisters, two brothers) and grew up in atract homeinLa Puente, California.[11]She had to help raise her youngest siblings, and later said of her childhood: "It wasn't what you would call the all-American life for a young girl growing up. We had to mature very quickly."[7]She graduated fromLa Puente High School,[12]where she saw a lack of support for those wishing to continue their education,[6]including aguidance counselorwho told her mother that "Your daughter is not college material. Maybe she should follow the career of her older sister and become a secretary."[8]However, another counselor did encourage her to attend college, and even went to her house to help her fill out an application.[7]She took her younger sisters to the library to get them to follow her lead.[11]

She was the first of her family to go to college,[3]being accepted into the Educational Opportunity Program (which assists low-income, first-generation college students) atCalifornia State Polytechnic University, Pomona(Cal Poly Pomona)[13]and paying for it with the help of government grants and part-time jobs.[3]She graduated in 1979 with aBachelor of Artsinpolitical science.[3][14]She then earned aMaster of Public Administrationdegree at theUniversity of Southern Californiain 1981.[2]

Early career

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Solis served near the end of theCarter Administrationin the White House Office of Hispanic Affairs,[2]where she was editor-in-chief of a newsletter during a 1980–1981 Washington semester internship[3][7][15]as part of her master's program.[11]At the start of theReagan Administrationin 1981, she became amanagement analystat thecivil rightsdivision of theOffice of Management and Budget,but her dislike forRonald Reagan's policies motivated her to leave later that year.[7][16]

In Washington, she met Sam H. Sayyad,[11]whom she subsequently married. He owns an automobile repair center inIrwindale, California.[11]The couple lives in a modest house inEl Monte, California,not far from where she grew up.[11]

Returning to California, Solis became director of the California Student Opportunity and Access Program in 1982, to help disadvantaged youth gain necessary preparation for college.[3]In particular, she worked with theWhittier Union High School District.[12]Friends urged her to try for elective office,[8]and so in 1985, she ran for the board of trustees of theRio Hondo Community CollegeDistrict.[3]She campaigned hard and overtook an incumbent and one other better established candidate to become the top placer.[3]She was reelected in 1989.[3]During her time on the board, she worked towards improved vocational job training at the college and sought to increase the number oftenuredfaculty positions held by minorities and women.[6]She joined several California chambers of commerce, women's organizations, and Latino organizations.[12]She gained added political visibility in 1991 when she was named to the Los Angeles County Commission on Insurance byLos Angeles County SupervisorGloria Molina,a political mentor.[3]Solis also served as chief of staff for State SenatorArt Torres.[17]

California State Legislature

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Solis had the opportunity to run for theCalifornia State Assemblywhen, after California's 1991redistricting,the incumbent Dave Elder[18]in Solis's57th State Assembly districtwas shifted into another district,[19]while her new representative retired.[11]In the June 1992 Democraticprimaryto fill the open seat,[20]Solis's opponents had the endorsement of powerful State AssemblymanRichard Polancoand the former incumbent.[11]Solis had the support of Molina and U.S. RepresentativeBarbara Boxer,in an effort that focused on door-to-door campaigning[6]and featured Solis's mother makingburritosfor campaign volunteers.[11]Solis came out on top of a three-way Democratic race, receiving 49 percent of the vote and besting her nearest competitor, future Assemblyman Ed Chavez, who received 31 percent.[20]In thegeneral election,Solis garnered 61 percent of the vote against Republican Gary Woods's 34 percent, and gained election to the Assembly.[21]She was one of seven Latinos who won election to the Assembly in the wake of the redistricting and became collectively known asLos Siete.[22]Solis was among the most liberal of this ideologically diverse group.[22]

In her one term in the State Assembly, Solis was prominent in the debate onillegal immigration to the United States,backing a bill to allow immigrants in the United States illegally to attend California colleges as long as they were residing in the state.[6]She backed labor and opposed the tobacco industry in supporting a bill that banned smoking in all workplaces.[11]She served on committees dealing with education, labor, and environmental issues, including a new committee that dealt with groundwater contamination and landfill leakage.[6]She was not known as a strong orator.[11]

The Democratic incumbent in Solis's24th State Senate district,Art Torres,[18]gave up his office when he received the 1994 Democratic nomination for the statewide office ofCalifornia Insurance Commissioner.[23]Solis ran for the seat, won the Democratic primary with 63 percent of the vote against two opponents,[24]and then won the 1994 general election with 63 percent of the vote against Republican Dave Boyer's 33 percent.[23]She became the first Hispanic woman to ever serve in the State Senate and the first woman ever to represent the San Gabriel Valley;[6]she was also the Senate's youngest member at that time.[7]She was reelected in 1998 with 74 percent of the vote.[25]

In the State Senate, Solis authored 17 bills to preventdomestic violence[14]and championed labor, education, and health care issues.[3]She described herself as "a big believer that government, if done right, can do a lot to improve the quality of people's lives".[3]In 1995 she sponsored a bill to raise theminimum wagefrom $4.25 to $5.75; it was strongly opposed by business organizations and the restaurant industry.[3][6]When GovernorPete Wilsonvetoed it, she organized a successful drive to make the issue into aballot initiativethe next year, using $50,000 of her own campaign funds and rallying union support.[3][26]The initiative's passing garnered her a statewide reputation[27]and other states followed with similar initiatives.[11]She chaired the labor committee and established herself as loyal to labor interests, but made a point of establishing relationships withRepublicanson the committee.[11]Solis held high-profile hearings on labor law enforcement following a summer 1995sweatshopraid in El Monte that discovered more than 70Thaiworkers existing inslave-like conditions.[11]She called garment manufacturers to explain themselves and pushed for tougher enforcement ofanti-sweatshoplaws.[11]Republican state senatorRay Hayneslater said that Solis was "a committed liberal in the pockets of labor", but Republican State Senate LeaderRob Hurttsaid of her, "We obviously didn't see eye to eye. But she was respectful. I'll give her credit; she was a very hard worker and she knew her stuff."[11]

Solis was an environmental activist in the State Senate, due to concerns that stemmed from a childhood spent within smelling distance of thePuente Hills Landfill[11]and making frequent visits to theSan Gabriel Mountains.[28]In 1997, she worked to passenvironmental justicelegislation with a law to protect low-income and minority communities from newly located landfills, pollution sources, and other environmental hazards in neighborhoods that already had such sites.[29]She got the bill, SB 1113, approved over the strong opposition of various business interests, water contractors, and some state government agencies, but Wilson vetoed it.[29]She returned in 1999 with a weakened measure, which was signed by GovernorGray Davis.[29]Calling for "the fair treatment of people of all races, cultures, and incomes with respect to the development, adoption, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws",[30]it represented the first legislation of its kind in the nation and is considered a landmark.[3][8]

Solis faced controversy with her 1999 legislation, SB 63, that lowered the carpool restrictions on theEl Monte Buswayfrom three or more occupants to two or more.[31][32]When this took effect in January 2000, it quickly resulted in greatly increased volume on the busway and protests from bus riders and prior carpoolers.[32]Solis at first defended the change,[32]but it continued to have a detrimental effect on the busway and did not improve flow in the regular traffic lanes.[31][33]By May, she was co-sponsoring legislation to rescind the change and restore the higher occupancy requirement,[33]which passed and took effect in July 2000.[31]

Due to her work in overcoming obstacles for environmental justice, in 2000 Solis was given theProfile in Courage Awardby theJohn F. Kennedy Library Foundation,and was praised as "a politician who hasn't shied away from challenging the old boy network both within and without the Latino community".[30]She was the first woman to win the award,[34]and gained appearances inGeorgeandPeoplemagazines and on theTodayshow.[3]Art Torres, who had becomeCalifornia Democratic Partychair, said of Solis, "She's going to be a national star".[3]

U.S. House of Representatives

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Solis official portrait, as it appeared on her Congressional website in 2003

Term limits would have prevented Solis from seeking reelection to the State Senate.[16]After months of deliberation, she decided to run for the U.S. House of Representatives in 2000 against 18-year incumbentMatthew G. Martínezin the31st congressional district,which consisted largely of working class Hispanics andAsians.[3]This action was criticized by Hispanics and others, and only two members of Congress,Barbara BoxerandLoretta Sanchez,supported her.[7][8]Martínez was more conservative than many of his constituents, as he had supported theNorth American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA), opposedgun control,and supported bans on specificabortionprocedures.[2][35]He was also criticized for lacking effort and neglecting his district.[3]Solis was able to obtain the support of the Los Angeles County Federation of Labor (which called her a "warrior for working families" ),[8]Emily's List,Handgun Control Incorporation,theSierra Cluband theCalifornia League of Conservation Voters.With their help, Solis outspent Martínez by a 4-to-1 margin and had hundreds of volunteers working for her.[34]

She defeated the incumbent Martínez in the March 2000 Democratic primary by a 69 percent to 31 percent margin.[36]On primary night, Martínez called Solis "obnoxious" and accused her of untruthful advertising.[2]He subsequently switched to theRepublican Party,and urged Latinos to vote against her, to no great effect.[34]Without a Republican opponent in the general election, Solis beat three little-known challengers fromthird partiesand won 79 percent of the vote.[3]

Solis at a 2006 appearance with local pharmacists concerned withMedicare Part Dimplementation

Upon arriving in the House of Representatives, Solis was named freshman classwhip,making her responsible for collecting votes from first-term Democrats.[26]National Journalmagazine named her one of its "Ten Freshmen to Watch", and said that her election "is a sign of things to come in California and a generational changing of the guard in theHispanic Caucus".[26]Solis commissioned for her new office a painting of theUnited States Capitolwith theSan Gabriel Mountainsbehind it, so that she would not forget her roots.[37]Her Washington apartment was tiny.[8]

As congresswoman, Solis was most known for her work on environmental issues as a member of theCommittee on Energy and Commerce,theCommittee on Natural Resources,and theSelect Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming.[5]She made the promotion ofgreen-collar jobsa priority[5]and sponsored the Southern California portion of the California Wild Heritage Act, which would create or enlarge many wilderness areas.[28]In 2003 she sponsored legislation that funded aNational Park Servicestudy to designate a large swath of theAngeles National Forest,thePuenteandChino Hills,and theRio HondoandSan Gabriel River,aNational Recreation Area.[38](In 2013, after Solis had left the Obama administration, the Park Service recommended proceeding with a greatly reduced version of the original proposal; while other advocates evinced disappointment, Solis said it was still a positive step and that Congress could expand the area in whatever legislation it undertook.[39])

Solis was not a member of theEducation and the Workforce Committee,but championed theEmployee Free Choice Act[40]and was the only member of Congress on the board ofAmerican Rights at Work,a pro-union organization that strongly supports the act, for whom she served as treasurer starting in 2004.[40][41]On trade she voted against both theDominican Republic–Central America trade agreement[42]and theU.S.-Peru trade agreement,[43]and also expressed opposition to a purposed bilateralU.S.-Colombia trade agreement,citing concerns about human rights violations.[44]Solis opposed legislation that would soften job safety requirements.[45]She received 100 percent ratings from several pro-labor groups for the years 2005 through 2007,[46]and was a major recipient of union political donations.[27]United Farm Workersco-founderDolores Huertais one of Solis's role models.[27]

Solis (third from left) at a 2006 dedication ceremony for a conservation land acquisition along theSan Gabriel River

During her tenure in the House Solis was an advocate of comprehensive immigration reform. She was one of the leading opponents ofH.R. 4437a House bill sponsored by Wisconsin CongressmanJim Sensenbrennerand voted against it.[47]

Solis supported legislation aimed at reducing the number ofteen pregnancieswithinLatinaandAfrican Americancommunities[48]and sponsored a bill, that became law in 2003, that granted U.S. citizenship to immigrants after one year of military service instead of the previous three years.[5]

Solis isRoman Catholicandpro-choice.[49]Along with 47 other Catholic members of Congress, she sent a letter to CardinalTheodore McCarrickof Washington, D.C., in order to dissuade him from refusing them thesacramentsbecause of their pro-choice legislative voting.[50]Solis signed a "Statement of Principles," stating her commitment to her faith as well as her disagreement with the Roman Catholic Church on some issues.[49]They stated that on those issues, such as abortion rights, they decided to follow their conscience instead of the Church teachings.[49]

Solis was a member of theCongressional Progressive Caucus[7]and rated a lifetime "liberal quotient" of 99 percent fromAmericans for Democratic Action,[51]and a lifetime 2 percent rating from theAmerican Conservative Union.[52]From 2006 to 2008 she wrote blog entries forThe Huffington Post.[53]Solis believed in the importance ofmentoring,and as a House member continued relationships she had established with up-and-coming political figures in her district, including California State AssemblywomanJudy ChuandMonterey ParkMayor Sharon Martinez.[54]

New official Congressional portrait, 2007

After the 2000 census and subsequent redistricting, Solis's area became part ofCalifornia's 32nd congressional district.She was reelected for additional terms in 2002, 2004, and 2006 by very large margins, twice with no Republican in opposition.[7]She ran unopposed in 2008.[55] Solis chaired the Health and the Environment Task Force of theCongressional Hispanic Caucusduring the110th Congress.[56]However, during 2006 and 2007, Solis was part of a falling out between several female representatives andJoe Baca,leader of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus, arguing there was a "lack of respect afforded to women members of the Hispanic Caucus," which Baca denied.[7]She had previously broken ties with the caucus'political action committeeover its campaign contributions to Baca's sons.[57]Baca responded that Solis "was a kiss-up" to Speaker of the HouseNancy Pelosi,a remark for which he later apologized.[57]Solis was indeed considered a close ally of Pelosi,[40]which helped her get a seat on the Energy and Commerce Committee.[7]She considered running for the position ofDemocratic Caucus Vice-Chairmanfor the110th Congress,but deferred to incumbentJohn LarsonafterRahm Emanuelchose to run for caucus chair, which Larson had been running for.[58]Solis's aggressive fundraising for theDemocratic Congressional Campaign Committeegained her a vice chair position on theDemocratic Steering & Policy Committee.[7]At the time of her selection to Obama's cabinet, she had been elected 2nd vice chair of the Hispanic Caucus[59]and was considered a potential candidate for a leadership position in the House.[45]

Solis was a strong supporter ofHillary Clinton's2008 presidential bid;when that fell short,Barack Obamaaggressively sought her support, as part of strengthening his appeal to Hispanic voters.[5]She supported Clinton's effort to establish aU.S. Public Service Academyand was a co-sponsor of a House bill to create one.[60]Solis did not become wealthy from her political career; by 2008, she and her husband's main assets consisted of retirement funds and his auto shop, valued at under $100,000.[11]

U.S. Secretary of Labor

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Solis speaks at the announcement of her being chosen as the new Secretary of Labor. President-electBarack ObamaandUnited States Trade Representative-to-beRon Kirklook on.

On December 18, 2008, sources close to theObama transition teamidentified Solis as the President-elect's choice forSecretary of Labor,the last cabinet position yet to be filled.[61]The selection earned praise from theAFL–CIOand other labor organizations, but was not well received by business groups[40]and the anti-union groupCenter for Union Facts.[5]The official announcement was made by Obama on December 19.[5]Solis's successor was chosen in aspecial election in California's 32nd congressional district;she declined to endorse a candidate in the primary[62](from which her past menteeJudy Chuemerged on top and eventually won the general election).[63]

Secretary Solis is greeted on her first day of work at theFrances Perkins Building.

Solis's confirmation hearings were held on January 9, 2009, before theSenate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee.[64]Committee chairTed Kennedyrepeatedly praised her, while, despite examination by Republican members, Solis declined to discuss specific policy issues, including theEmployee Free Choice Act.[64]Several days later, Senate Republicans said they might try to put a procedural hold on her nomination because of her unwillingness to answer questions in detail in the hearings.[65]By January 23, asecret holdwas placed on the nomination by an anonymous Republican.[66][67]A series of written questions and responses between Republican members and Solis followed, during which she was more forthcoming.[68]RepublicanMike Enzipressed her on whether her unpaid high-level positions at American Rights at Work constituted prohibited lobbying activity; Solis denied violation of rules of conduct and stated she had not helped lobbying.[41][68]Solis did acknowledge that she had failed to report those positions on her annual House financial disclosure forms at the time, which a White House spokesperson argued was an unintentional oversight.[68]On February 2, Obama appointed veteran Labor Department officialEdward C. Hugleras Acting Secretary.[69]The prolonged process was considered by some Republican aides to be a preview of future battles on labor issues between the Obama administration and Republicans in Congress.[69]

Official portrait as Secretary of Labor, 2009

A vote on Solis's committee confirmation was set on February 5, but postponed after news that Solis's husband Sam Sayyad had just paid $6,400 in outstanding state and local tax liens dating back to 1993 for his auto repair business.[70][71]Sayyad had filed a separate tax return from Solis, and intended to contest the lien as they were for business taxes he believed to have already paid.[72]A White House spokesperson stated Solis should not be penalized for any mistakes that her husband may have made.[70]The revelations came in the wake of several other Obama nominations troubled or derailed due to tax issues.[70]Committee Republicans subsequently indicated they would not blame Solis, but were still concerned about her ties to American Rights at Work.[72]On February 11, 2009, the committee approved her nomination by voice vote with two votes opposed.[73]After still further delays, Republicans agreed not to subject her nomination to afilibusterand on February 24, 2009, Solis was confirmed by the Senate by a vote of 80–17.[74]She resigned from the House and was sworn into her new position that evening.[75](A ceremonial swearing in featuring Vice PresidentJoe Bidenwas later held on March 13.[76])

President Obama, Secretary Solis, and other officials examine a map showing the location of theUpper Big Branch Mine disasterin 2010

Solis became the first Hispanic woman to serve as a regular U.S. cabinet member and the first cabinet secretary withCentral Americandescent.[77]She also became the first Hispanic Secretary of Labor.[78]Solis felt that under theGeorge W. Bush administration,the department had become unimportant and lacking in power, and that its actions reflected a pro-business agenda.[8]Accordingly, she hoped to reinvigorate it.[8]

Secretary Solis with farm worker organizerRichard Chavezin 2010, next to a mural depicting his brotherCésar Chávez

In her first days as secretary, Solis affirmed an extension to unemployment benefits specified by the2009 Obama stimulus package,[79]and joined Vice President Biden's Middle Class Task Force.[80]In her first major speech as secretary, Solis pleased community forum attendees atMiami'sGreater Bethel AME Churchby vowing more aggressive enforcement of workplace protection laws, saying "You can rest assured that there is a new sheriff in town."[81]In late March 2009, Solis vowed to add 250 investigators to the department's Wage and Hour Division after aGovernment Accountability Officereport showed the division's enforcement of wage laws was quite inadequate;[82]the staffing up was completed by the end of the year.[83]In late May 2009, Solis suspended immigrant guest worker regulations related toH-2A visasadopted in the final days of the Bush administration; the move earned plaudits from theUnited Farm Workers.[84]In July 2009, she expressed concern about workplace deaths among Hispanics, which she said they were especially vulnerable to[85](her continuing attention to issues such as this during her tenure would lead to Hispanic workers considering her their champion).[86]In October 2009, theOccupational Safety and Health Administrationlevied the largest fine in its history onBPfor failing to fix safety problems following the 2005Texas City Refinery disaster.[83]Business groups such as theNational Federation of Independent Businesscomplained that Solis was forging a less cooperative relationship, one that departed from the Bush administration's "compliance assistance" approach; the Labor Department said that compliance assistance was still an important part of the new strategy.[83]

The April 2010 meeting of theG20 labor ministersat the Department of Labor was the first of its kind.

For 2010, Solis's agenda was to enact some ninety new rules and regulations intended to grant more power to unions and to workers.[87]Whether Solis would try to reviveClinton administrationergonomics rules that had been discarded in the early days of the Bush administration, and that business groups continued to oppose, was unclear.[83]In the wake of the April 2010Upper Big Branch Mine disasterinWest Virginia,the worst in the U.S. in forty years, Solis announced that the Labor Department'sMine Safety and Health Administrationwould conduct an internal review of its enforcement of theMassey Energymine prior to the accident.[88]She also requested that theNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Healthprovide an independent analysis of that review.[88](By the end of her tenure, however, some safety experts said she had fallen short of getting any meaningful new regulatory scheme in place in the wake of the disaster.[89]) Later that month, Solis and the department hosted the first-ever meeting of theG-20 labor ministers;they discussed how to accelerate job creation in their respective countries.[90]Solis also faced disgruntlement from a local of theAmerican Federation of Government Employeesrepresenting her own employees, who were unhappy that a longstandingflextimeprogram reduced under the George W. Bush administration had not been restored.[91]The department said the program was modern and fair and that it was part of ongoing contract negotiations with the local.[91]The year also saw the department trying to crack down on firms that illegally use summer internships for free labor, by clarifying what may constitute an unpaid academic internship;[92]the move brought resistance from universities.[93]The year additionally saw Solis leading an administration campaign against farmers who employed children or underpaid workers.[94](Proposed new rules in this area were dropped in 2012, however, following adamant criticism from conservatives and agricultural groups.[95])

Secretary Solis touring a MarylandGeneral Motorsfacility in 2012 with GovernorMartin O'Malley

In February 2011, asprotests continuedoverWisconsinGovernorScott Walker's proposal to limit that state's public employee unions' collective bargaining rights, and similar proposals were made in other states, Solis spoke out strongly and emotionally against such moves, saying "[those governors] aren't just asking workers to tighten their belts, they're demanding they give up their uniquely American rights as workers."[96]Overall, however, the Obama administration did not speak out forcefully against these moves.[97]

In October 2012, Solis defended the work of theBureau of Labor Statistics,after theCurrent Population Surveyit puts out monthly reported thatunemployment in the United Stateshad fallen below eight percent for this first time since Obama took office.[98]Some critics, including formerGeneral ElectricCEOJack Welch,charged that the number had been tampered with in order to benefit Obama one month before theU.S. presidential election.[99]Solis said, "I'm insulted when I hear that because we have a very professional, civil service organization where you have top, top economists that work at the BLS. They've been doing these calculations. These are our best trained and best-skilled individuals working in the BLS, and it's really ludicrous to hear that kind of statement."[100]For the year, the Labor Department set a record for the most back pay it had ever collected due to wage violations, $280 million going to some 300,000 workers.[86]Workplace fatalities in construction and general industrial sectors reached an all-time low.[97]

On her last day as secretary, Solis was given a farewell gift of the chair she used in Cabinet meetings.

On January 9, 2013, Solis tendered her resignation as Secretary of Labor, becoming one of several Cabinet members deciding not to stay on for Obama's second term.[89]Her last day in office was January 22, 2013.[101]

Solis, who had never become part of the inner circle of presidential advisors,[86]said it had been a difficult decision and Obama praised her work as secretary.[102]Reflecting upon her tenure, Solis generally garnered praise from labor unions and leading Democrats for her stricter enforcement of job safety regulations and more aggressive pursuit of wage and hour violators.[86][89][102]Other leaders and analysts in the labor field thought her performance as secretary was underwhelming, with minimal public visibility and no memorable legacy left behind.[97]All agreed that she operated in a difficult political environment, with the effects of theGreat Recessionstill being felt, Republicans staunchly opposed to labor-based initiatives, and the Obama administration's attentions focused elsewhere.[89][97]Business groups, meanwhile, continued to characterize her as having been uncooperative in her dealings with them.[86][102]

During early 2014, reports emerged that theUnited States Office of Special Counsel,theUnited States Department of Justice,and theFBIhad begun investigating Solis during 2012 for possible violations of fundraising rules by federal officials during her time as Labor Secretary. Allegations were made that Solis solicited subordinates for funds for the2012 re-election campaign of President Obama.A spokesperson for Solis said that she believed she had done nothing wrong.[103]The matter was also being looked into by theHouse Oversight and Government Reform Committeeand its chair, RepresentativeDarrell Issa,who said there was evidence supporting the allegations.[104]By early 2016, no further word had emerged on any of these investigations.

Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors

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Solis's departure from the Labor Department was speculated as a preparation for a run for a seat on theLos Angeles County Board of Supervisorsin 2014, to replace the term-limited incumbent,1st DistrictsupervisorGloria Molina.[102][105]Officially, Solis only said that she wanted to rest, reconnect with her local community after twelve years in Washington, and spend time with her mother, who was 87 years old at the time.[106]

Later during January 2013, Solis confirmed her interest inthe County Board of Supervisors race,saying "I'm going to take a look at it."[106]In explaining why a former U.S. Representative and Cabinet member would be interested in a county-level body, analysts stated that the board is the most powerful county-level legislative body in the United States,[107]and exercises some executive and quasi-judicial powers as well.[108]It controls a workforce larger than the Labor Department's[106]and its $26 billion budget is equivalent to that of an average U.S. state.[109]Each member presiding over some two million constituents, three times that of Solis' old congressional district,[109]and that it is quite possibly the fourth most powerful position in California politics, after governor, U.S. Senator, and mayor of Los Angeles.[106][107]The supervisors have long been nicknamed "the five little kings".[109]

In November 2013, Solis became a scholar-in-residence at heralma materofCal Poly Pomona.Her duties were to include guest lecturing in classes, mentoring students, and assisting in curriculum development, with a focus in political science.[110]

Newly elected Supervisor Solis with Mayor of Los AngelesEric Garcettiin 2014

On April 5, 2014, Solis formally announced the start of her campaign for the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors seat, with the election to be held on June 3.[111]By this time she had raised over $600,000 for her effort and was considered the favorite to win the contest.[111]News of the federal investigation had little effect on her campaign.[108]Solis won the seat on June 4, 2014,[108]garnering 70 percent of the vote against two other opponents.[112]The margin meant she won the seat outright and would not need to run in a runoff election.[109]

As Supervisor for District 1, she was at the forefront of the response to theExide lead contaminationissue, which affectedVernonand several other communities within her purview and which touched upon her past concerns with environmental justice.[113]The Supervisors allocated some county money for cleanup, with Solis saying, "the state continues to drag its feet".[114]Going to the state capitol and asking for additional funds to remedy the situation, she said, "This has gone on too long."[115]In February 2016 she praised GovernorJerry Brownfor finally increasing state funds for the cleanup, saying "Our voices were heard. For too long we have seen two Americas: one in which affluent neighborhoods get immediate help and relief. The other America is made up of poor working-class families who silently suffer. Today's announcement from the governor reconciles these two Americas."[113]

Among the other areas Solis was responsible for wasDowntown Los Angeles.[116]There she said her main priority was dealing withgentrificationand the lack ofaffordable housing.[116]By 2017, data showed that, under her tenure, the homeless rate had gone up by 48 percent in her district,[117]with a 36 percent increase in the San Gabriel Valley itself.[118]The increase was attributed by officials familiar with the problem to constantly increasing housing costs combined with flat incomes.[117]Solis said in response, "With increasingly out-of-control rents, we need more tools to secure housing stability for the most vulnerable County residents."[118]

Supervisor Solis at a local union office opening in 2017

Regarding the new job as a whole, Solis said, "It's fascinating how many people work for the county – over 100,000. At the Department of Labor it was like 15,000. The budget here is $26 billion, much more than what I was used to in D.C."[116]In December 2015 Solis took over asChair of the Supervisors,a position which is rotated on a yearly basis.[119]She said a priority for 2016 would be "to reaffirm our commitment to our diverse county family – to make this family, our family, inclusive for everybody, no matter their background, no matter where they come from, no matter how far down the scale they have been."[119]One of her efforts went towards getting additional resources for older children who were transitioning out of thefoster caresystem.[120]

Following the results of the2016 United States presidential electionand the fear of mass deportations that ensued due to the victor, Solis worked together with Los Angeles MayorEric Garcettito create the $10 million L.A. Justice Fund, which would provide legal services to illegal immigrants facing deportation.[121]

In May 2017, Solis voted in favor of retaining designation of theSan Gabriel Mountains National Monument,created in 2014 but under review, along with other recently created national monuments, by new U.S. Secretary of the InteriorRyan Zinkefor possible revocation.[122]Solis also favored aparcel taxto increase the number of parks and playgrounds in Los Angeles.[120]In October 2017 a motion that she authored passed the board and resulted inColumbus Daybeing replaced as an official holiday in Los Angeles County byIndigenous Peoples Day.She said in a statement, "This action is about publicly recognizing that America's ancestors, for centuries, oppressed certain minority groups. This is not about erasing history; I believe the full history and impact of Christopher Columbus should be taught to current and future generations. While we cannot change the past, we can realize the pain that millions suffered throughout our nation's history, as well as the tremendous achievements of the original inhabitants of our continent."[123]

Supervisor Solis speaking at a 2018Families Belong Togetherrally in protest of the White House'sfamily separation in U.S. border enforcement

In January 2018, Solis and the other supervisors supported the appointment of Nicole Tinkham as interim public defender, despite a letter signed by 390 public defenders who were concerned that Tinkham lacked criminal law experience and the potential for a conflict of interest, given Tinkham's prior representation of theLos Angeles County Sheriff's Department.[124]

In the2018 Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors election,Solis ran unopposed, and was accordingly re-elected on June 5, 2018. A lack of serious opposition, or any opposition at all, is not unusual for incumbent Supervisors.[120]

In 2019, Solis, with fellow supervisorSheila Kuehl,was a leader of the successful effort to stop a planned $1.7 billion mental health treatment center in the downtown area, intended to replaceMen's Central Jail.Solis and others argued that the new facility would become a de facto jail and instead urged the creation of smaller treatment facilities spread around the county. Solis said in reference to contractors for any such project, "I don't want to see people who are just used to building brick and mortar. I want to see people who have a humanistic approach."[125] During the year, Solis also became an active supporter forJoe Biden's 2020 presidential campaign,saying that the former vice president, whom she dealt with during her time as Secretary of Labor, had the necessary "steady hand and experience" and who also is "personable" and can interact well with a wide range of people.[126]

Supervisor Solis testifying at an environmental hearing in early March 2020

The year 2020 was marked by theCOVID-19 pandemic in the United States,and Solis and the other supervisors consistently urged residents tostay at home and use other social distancing measures.[127]However some county employees in the districts of Solis and another supervisor complained that they were being compelled to report to unsafe offices instead of being allowed to work remotely.[127]Solis said that the services provided by some positions could only be done in person, but following newspaper inquiries on the matter, remote work was opened up to more county workers.[127]In December 2020, Solis becamerotating chair of the boardagain, and by then the entire board was women, a first for the county and something that Solis said was a historic accomplishment.[128]As thepandemic in Los Angelesreached an especially high peak towards the end of the year, Solis pleaded with county residents to stay home: "As we near Christmas, I urge everyone to cancel their holiday plans to gather with members outside of one's households. This will save many lives."[129]

The pandemic subsequently ebbed for a while, but then by mid-2021 the highly infectiousDelta varianthad become a significant threat, and in July 2021 Solis issued an executive order reimposing an indoors mask mandate within the county.[130]By this pointCOVID-19 vaccination in the United Stateswas well underway but also increasingly the subject of political disputes. Saying that "As vaccinations continue at a pace slower than what is necessary to slow the spread, the need for immediate action is great," Solis issued a mandate in August 2021 that county employees, who numbered over a hundred thousand, be vaccinated by October 1.[131]Her action gave no option for regular testing and thus went further than most such mandates elsewhere in California and the rest of the country.[131]

In 2022, Solis signed a letter, along with her four supervisorial colleagues, to California Gov. Gavin Newsom requesting the phase out of the dangerous chemical Modified Hydrofluoric Acid (liable to cause a mass-casualty event in the case of a breach of its containment unit) at refineries where it remains in use rather than a safer alternative.[132]

Awards and honors

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Ms. magazine cover (2011)

As mentioned, in 2000, Solis was given theProfile in Courage Awardby theJohn F. Kennedy Library Foundation.[30]

In 2010, Solis received the inaugural Robert P. Biller Award for Exemplary Public Service from the University of Southern California'sSchool of Policy, Planning, and Development.[133]The Hispanic Association of Colleges & Universities named Solis as the recipient of its 2011 President's Award for Excellence.[134]In 2012, Solis received the Champion for the Futures of Farmworker Children Award from the Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs.[135]That same year, Solis was given a President's Award from an organization associated withCalifornia State University, Los Angeles.[136]TheImagen Foundationhonored Solis with its President's Award in 2016, with the presentation being done by the actressAmerica Ferrara.[137]In 2019, Solis received the Leadership Award at the annual American Latino Influencer Awards.[138]

Solis gave the commencement address atRio Hondo Collegein 2014, where she had once been on the board of trustees.[139]In recognition of her long career in public service, she was in 2023 awarded an honorary doctor of laws degree by theUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.[140]

Several entities have been named after Solis. Beginning in the 1990s, the Hilda L. Solis Scholarship Dinner & Reception has been given annually by her alma mater, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, with a large number of students having benefitted from receiving scholarships.[141] The Hilda L. Solis Care First Village is a set of housing units intended for the homeless that are put together usingmodular buildingtechniques and located in Downtown Los Angeles.[142]The Hilda L. Solis Learning Academy School of Technology, Business and Education is located in the generalEast Los Angelesarea and is part of theLos Angeles Unified School District.[143]

In 2022, the White House appointed Solis tothe Board of Trusteesfor theJohn F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts.[144]

See also

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References

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  126. ^Appleton, Rory (August 29, 2019)."Hilda Solis, a Biden surrogate, says he's warm, experienced".Las Vegas Review-Journal.RetrievedSeptember 2,2019.
  127. ^abcCosgrove, Jaclyn (July 22, 2020)."Two L.A. County supervisors tout pandemic safety, but put own employees at risk, staffers say".Los Angeles Times.RetrievedDecember 29,2020.
  128. ^Rosenfeld, David (December 8, 2020)."L.A. County Supervisor Hilda Solis takes the gavel for new, all-woman board".Los Angeles Daily News.RetrievedDecember 29,2020.
  129. ^"LA County Official Pleads With Residents: 'Stay Home'".KNBC.City News Service.December 21, 2020.RetrievedDecember 29,2020.
  130. ^"New mask mandate 'not punishment, but prevention': County official".MSN.ABC News.July 18, 2021.RetrievedOctober 19,2021.
  131. ^abRector, Kevin (August 4, 2021)."Solis issues executive order mandating L.A. County employees get vaccinated".Los Angeles Times.RetrievedOctober 19,2021.
  132. ^Solis, Hilda (February 22, 2022)."Letter from the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors to Gov. Newsom regarding Modified Hydrofluoric Acid"(PDF).Torrance Refinery Action Alliance.
  133. ^Peterson, Jan (November 19, 2010)."SPPD Alumna Hilda Solis Receives Biller Award".USC News.University of Southern California. Archived fromthe originalon June 15, 2023.RetrievedMay 9,2023.
  134. ^"HACU presents award to Secretary of Labor".Hispanic Association of Colleges & Universities. May 3, 2012.RetrievedMay 9,2023.
  135. ^"Secretary of Labor Hilda L. Solis receives award from Association of Farmworker Opportunity Programs"(Press release). U.S. Department of Labor. May 31, 2012.RetrievedMay 9,2023.
  136. ^"Cal State L.A. honors U.S. Secretary of Labor Hilda Solis with the 'President's Award' during 3rd annual Greater Los Angeles Engineer of the Year Gala"(Press release). California State University, Los Angeles. July 30, 2012.RetrievedMay 9,2023.
  137. ^"Hon. Hilda L. Solis, Imagen President's Award Recipient".The Imagen Foundation. July 17, 2016.RetrievedMay 9,2023.
  138. ^"LA County Supervisor Hilda L. Solis to Receive Leadership Award at 2019 American Latino Influencer Awards"(Press release). Friends of the American Latino Museum.RetrievedMay 3,2023.
  139. ^"Hilda Solis Offered Commencement Address at Rio Hondo College".California School News Report(Press release). May 27, 2014.
  140. ^"Honorary degrees go to six leaders in policy, justice and fashion".The Well newsletter.University of North Carolina. March 27, 2023.
  141. ^"Hilda Solis Scholarship Honors Difference Makers".University News Center. September 19, 2018.RetrievedMay 9,2023.
  142. ^"The Hilda L. Solis Care First Village".Modular Building Institute.RetrievedMay 9,2023.
  143. ^"California School Directory: Hilda L. Solis Learning Academy School of Technology, Business and Education".California Department of Education.RetrievedMay 9,2023.
  144. ^"President Biden Announces Key Appointments to the Board of Trustees of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts"(Press release). The White House. October 26, 2022.RetrievedMay 9,2023.
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California Assembly
Preceded by Member of theCalifornia Assembly
from the57thdistrict
1992–1994 		Succeeded by
California Senate
Preceded by Member of theCalifornia Senate
from the24thdistrict
1994–2001 		Succeeded by
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of theU.S. House of Representatives
fromCalifornia's 31st congressional district
2001–2003 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of theU.S. House of Representatives
fromCalifornia's 32nd congressional district
2003–2009 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by United States Secretary of Labor
2009–2013 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of theLos Angeles County Board of Supervisors
from the 1st district
2014–present 		Incumbent
Preceded byas Mayor pro tempore of Los Angeles County Chair pro tempore of Los Angeles County
2014–2015 		Succeeded by
Preceded byas Mayor of Los Angeles County Chair of Los Angeles County
2015–2016
Preceded by Chair pro tempore of Los Angeles County
2019–2020 		Succeeded by
Chair of Los Angeles County
2020–2021
U.S. order of precedence(ceremonial)
Preceded byas Former US Cabinet Member Order of precedence of the United States
as Former US Cabinet Member 		Succeeded byas Former US Cabinet Member
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hilda_Solis&oldid=1255359183"