Hot rod

For other uses, seeHot rod (disambiguation).

"Street rod" redirects here. For the 1989 video game, seeStreet Rod.

Not to be confused withmuscle car.

Hot rodsare typically American cars that might be old, classic, or modern and that have been rebuilt or modified with large engines optimized for speed and acceleration.One definition is: "a car that's been stripped down, souped up and made to go much faster."However, there is no definition of the term that is universally accepted and the term is attached to a wide range of vehicles.Most often they are individually designed and constructed using components from many makes of old or new cars, and are most prevalent in the United States and Canada.Many are intended for exhibition rather than for racing or everyday driving.

3-window highboyDeucecoupé with a traditional chop—droppedfront axle,sidepipes,bugcatcher scoop (with Mooneyes cover) over dual quads on atunnel ram—as well as less-traditionalshaveddoor handles and disc brakes

A 1923 FordT-bucketin the traditional style with lake headers, dog dish hubcaps, dropped "I" beam axle, narrow rubber, and single 4-barrel, but non-traditional disc brakes

T-bucket withearly hemi,but aluminum radiator (rather than brass), rectangular headlights, and five-spokes (rather than motorcycle wheels) mark this as a later incarnation.

1932 3-window with a classic-styleflame job andMoontank, reminiscent ofChapouris'California Kid

The origin of the term "hot rod" is unclear. Some say that the term "hot" refers to the vehicle's being stolen. Other origin stories include replacing the engine'scamshaftor "rod" with a higher performance version. According to the Hot Rod Industry Alliance (HRIA), the term changes in meaning over the years, but "hot rodding has less to do with the vehicle and more to do with an attitude and lifestyle".For example, hot rods were favorites forgreasers.

The term has broadened to apply to other items that are modified for a particular purpose, such as "hot-roddedamplifier".

Etymology

There are various theories about the origin of the term "hot rod". The common theme is that "hot" related to "hotting up" a car, which means modifying it for greater performance. With regards to the word "rod", one theory is that it meansroadster,a lightweight 2-door car which was often used as the basis for early hot rods. Another theory is that "rod" refers tocamshaft,a part of the engine which was often upgraded in order to increase power output.

In the early days, a car modified for increased performance was called a "gow job". This term morphed into the hot rod in the early to late 1940s.

The term "hot rod" has had various uses in relation to performance cars. For example, the Ontario Ministry of the Environment in its vehicle emissions regulations refers to a hot rod as any motorized vehicle that has a replacement engine differing from the factory original.

History

1920s to 1945

The forerunners to the hotrod were the modified cars used in theProhibition erabybootleggersto evaderevenue agentsand other law enforcement.

Hot rods first appeared in the late 1930s in southernCalifornia,where people raced modified cars on dry lake beds northeast ofLos Angeles,under the rules of theSouthern California Timing Association(SCTA), among other groups. This gained popularity afterWorld War II,particularly in California, because many returning soldiers had received technical training.The first hot rods were old cars (most oftenFords,typically 1910s-1920sModel Ts,1928–31Model As,or 1932-34Model Bs), modified to reduce weight. Engine swaps often involved fitting theFord flathead V8 engine(known as the "flatty" ) into a different car, for example, the common practicein the 1940s of installing the"60 horse"version into aJeepchassis.

Typical modifications were removal ofconvertible tops,hoods,bumpers,windshields,and/orfenders;channelingthe body; and modifying theenginebytuningand/or replacing with a more powerful type.Wheelsandtireswere changed for improvedtractionand handling. Hot rods built before 1945 commonly used '35 Fordwire-spoke wheels.

1945 to 1960

Ford Popular( also known as an Anglia ) 2 door sedan.

Hot-rodded prewar BritishRover 10

AfterWorld War II,many small military airports throughout the country were either abandoned or rarely used, allowing hot rodders across the country to race on marked courses. Originally,drag racinghad tracks as long as 1 mi (1.6 km) or more, and included up to four lanes of racing simultaneously. As some hot rodders also raced on the street, a need arose for an organization to promote safety, and to provide venues for safe racing. TheNational Hot Rod Associationwas founded in 1951, to take drag racing off the streets and into controlled environments.

In the '50s and '60s, the Ford flathead V8 was supplanted by theChrysler FirePower engine(known as the "early hemi" ). Many hot rods would upgrade the brakes from mechanical to hydraulic ( "juice" ) and headlights from bulb to sealed-beam.A typical mid-1950s to early 1960s customDeucewas fenderless and steeply chopped, powered by a Ford or Mercury flathead,with anEdelbrockintake manifold,Harman and Collinsmagneto,andHalibrandquick-changedifferential.Front suspension hairpins were adapted fromsprint cars,such as theKurtis Krafts.

As hot rodding became more popular, magazines and associations catering to hot rodders were started, such as the magazineHot Rod,founded in 1948.

1960 to present

As automobiles offered by the major automakers began increasing performance, the lure of hot rods began to wane.With the advent of themuscle car,it was now possible to purchase a high-performance car straight from the showroom.

However, the1973 Oil Crisiscaused car manufacturers to focus on fuel efficiency over performance, which led to a resurgence of interest in hot rodding.As the focus shifted away from racing, the modified cars became known as "street rods". TheNational Street Rod Association(NSRA) was formed and began hosting events.

By the 1970s, the 350 cu in (5.7 L)small-block Chevy V8was the most common choice of engine for hot rods.Another popular engine choice is theFord Windsor engine.During the 1980s, many car manufacturers were reducing thedisplacementsof their engines, thus making it harder for hot rod builders to obtain large displacement engines. Instead, engine builders had to modify the smaller engines (such as using non-standardcrankshaftsandpistons) to obtain larger displacement. While current production V8s tended to be the most frequent candidates, this also applied to others. In the mid-1980s, as stock engine sizes diminished, rodders discovered the 215 cu in (3.5 L) aluminum-blockBuick or Oldsmobile V8could be modified for substantially greater displacement, with mainly wrecking yard parts.This trend was not limited to American cars; Volkswagen enthusiasts similarly stretched stock 1600cc engines to over two liters.

In modern culture

1936 Chevrolet 4 door sedan street rod

The hot rod community has now been subdivided into two main groups: street rodders and hot rodders.

Lifestyle

There is a contemporary movement of traditional hot rod builders, car clubs and artists who have returned to the roots of hot rodding as a lifestyle. This includes a new breed of traditional hot rod builders, artists, and styles, as well as classic style car clubs. Events likeGreaseOramafeature traditional hot rods and thegreaserlifestyle. Magazines likeOl' Skool Rodz,Gears and Gals,andRat-Rods and Rust Queenscover events and people.

In popular culture

There are magazines that feature traditional hot rods, includingHot Rod,Car Craft,Rod and Custom,andPopular Hot Rodding.There are also television shows such asMy Classic Car,Horsepower TV,American Hot Rod,Fast and Loud,andChop Cut Rebuild.

Particularly during the early 1960s, a genre of "hot rod music" rose to mainstream popularity. Hot rod music was largely a product of a number ofsurf musicgroups running out of ideas for new surfing songs and simultaneously shifting their lyrical focus toward hot rods. Hot rod music would prove to be the second phase in a progression known as theCalifornia Sound,which would mature into more complex topics as the decade passed. Hot rods were used as the theme ofLightning Rod,aRocky Mountain Constructionroller coaster atDollywood.

In Sweden and Finland

Main article:Raggare

Swedish hot rodders with a 1964 American Plymouth at Power Big Meet

Locals inSwedenandFinland,influenced by American culture, have created a vibrant local hot rod culture where enthusiasts gather at meetings such asPower Big MeetinLinköpingand clubs like Wheels and Wings inVarberg,both located in Sweden. Since there is very little "vintage tin", the hot rods in Sweden are generally made with a home-made chassis (usually a Model T or A replica), with a Jaguar (orVolvo 240) rear axle, a small-blockV8,andfiberglasstub, but some have been built using for instance aVolvo Duettchassis. Because Swedish regulations required a crash test even for custom-built passenger cars between 1969 and 1982, the Duett option was preferred, since it was considered a rebodied Duett rather than a new vehicle.Some 1950s and 1960s, cars are also hot rodded, likeMorris Minor,Ford Anglia,Volvo Amazon,Ford Cortina,and'57 Chevy,to name but a few. These are known ascustom cars(sometimes spelled Kustom).

Gallery

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  The iconicT-bucket.Also features droppedtube axle,transverse frontleaf spring,and frontdisc brakes.
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  Deucecoupefeaturing '32 grille shell, original headlights, chrome dropped I-beam axle and tubeshocks.Note stock frame rails, disc brakes, Lakester pipes
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  Deuce roadster with a bobbed frame, dropped axle, disc brakes, and coilovers. Note the contrast with the stock frame rails.
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  Hi-boy Deuce roadster with flatty (with factory head and exhaust but aftermarketalternatorignition and dual-carb intake), dropped tube axle, and drum brakes.
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  "Rat rod" '29 Model A coupe with a '32 grille shell, upgraded brakes, "bobbed" frame rails, channeled, powered by an early flatty equipped withEdelbrockaftermarket head and aftermarket chrome carb hats.
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  FlamedFiat Topolino.
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  Ghost flames, a contemporary concept
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  Tripower carburetor setup
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  Improvised puke can
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  A mid-'50s 392 in a "rat rod".
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  Rat rod
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  Volksrod,based on aType 1.
• 
  '32Bantamroadster with mags, disk brakes,hatpins,bugcatcher scoop, roll hoops, & custom interior
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  1934 Chevrolet Coupe Standard
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  Volkswagen hiboy at the 2010 Volksfest, South Australia
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  Twin Ford coupes
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  Classically flamed 3-window at theVoitures Anciennes de Granbyexpo, with drilled I-beam front axle, nerf bars, velocity stacks, mags, and slicks.
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  A rat rod during theVoitures Anciennes de Granbyexpo.
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  1922 hot rod
• 
  Swedish Hot Rod inYstad2020.
• 
  Swedish Hot Rod inMalmö1986.

See also

• Automotive restoration
• Custom car
• Cutdown
• Flame job
• Hot hatch
• Import scene
• Kustom
• Lead sled
• Lowrider
• Muscle car
• Plymouth Prowler- a modern take on the hot rod
• Pro Street
• Rat rod
• Stock car
• Three window coupe- one of the classic styles
• Tuner
• Volksrod
• Crate engine

External links

• List of Hot rod( historicvehicle.org)
• Automotive Museum( petersen.org)