TheHummer H1is afull-sizefour-wheel-driveutility vehicle based on the M998Humvee,which was developed byAM Generalwhen it was a subsidiary ofAmerican Motors Corporation(AMC).[2]Originally designed strictly for military use, theoff-road vehiclewas released to the civilian market.
| Hummer H1 | |
|---|---|
 Hummer HMC Soft Top | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | AM General |
| Also called | Hummer HMC (1992–2002) HUMMW (HUMMVee) |
| Production | 1992–2006 (11,818 produced) |
| Model years | 1992–2004 2006 |
| Assembly | Mishawaka, Indiana,U.S. |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Full-size SUV/Full-sizepickup truck |
| Body style | 4-door Open Top - HMCO 4-door SUV - HMCS 4-door Hard Top - HMC4 2-door Fleet - KSC2 2-door Pickup - XLC2 |
| Layout | Front-mid engine,four-wheel drive |
| Related | Humveemilitary vehicle |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 5.7 LL05V8 6.2 LDetroit DieselV8 6.5 LDetroit DieselV8 6.5 LDetroit DieselV8(turbo) 6.6 LDuramax Turbo-DieselV8 |
| Transmission | GM TH400/3L803-speedautomatic GM 4L80-E4-speed automatic Allison 10005-speed automatic |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 130 in (3,302 mm) |
| Length | 184.5 in (4,686 mm)[1] |
| Width | 86.5 in (2,197 mm) |
| Height | 77 in (1,956 mm) 2004–06: 79 in (2,007 mm) Pre-2003 Wagon: 75 in (1,905 mm) |
| Chronology | |
| Successor | Hummer H2 |
The civilian version was produced from 1992 through 2006 and was the first of what became theHummerline.[3]AM General built both the H1 and the Humvee in itsMishawaka, Indiana,facility. GM stopped marketing the H1 in the 2006 model year, but AM General continued production of the military Humvee versions through 2018.[4]
History
editOn March 22, 1983, AM General Corporation was awarded a production contract for 55,000 High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicles (HMMWV).[5][6]Nicknamed the Humvee, the vehicles were used by the U.S. military and featured in photographs from the Persian Gulf War during the early 1990s.[5]The vehicle was also promoted by actorArnold Schwarzenegger,who was so interested in the Humvee design that he specifically advocated for AM General to produce a civilian version of the vehicle. After the Gulf War was over, AM General modified the M998 Humvee military version for the civilian marketplace powered by 6.2 L GM Diesel V8 engine.[7]The civilian version of the Humvee, marketed as the Hummer, went on sale in 1992.[5][8]The interior was largely influenced bysemi-trucks.
Under a 1999 deal,General Motorsbought marketing rights to the Hummer name, began marketing Hummer-branded vehicles designed by GM, and rebadged the original version built by AM General as the Hummer H1.[9]At the time, GM began marketing theHummer H2that was also assembled by AM General on a modifiedGMC Sierra 2500HDchassis.
General Motors announced that 2006 would be the last model year for the Hummer H1, with civilian market production winding down in June 2006 due to new emission regulations for diesel-engined vehicles that were to take effect in 2007. The final 2006 models had the most powerful engine and also improvedfuel efficiency—about 10 mpg‑US(24 L/100 km; 12 mpg‑imp).[10]
AM General continued the production of military Humvee versions until 2018.
Specifications
editThe Hummer H1 was available in three major variants: a convertible-like soft top, a four-door hard topSport Utility Truck,and an "Alpha Wagon" body version. Less known variants were a two-doorpickup truckand a four-door slantback, which shares the same body style as the Humvee employed by the U.S. military. The convertible/soft top and the station SUV versions were the last types available to individual consumers.
There were five engine types and three automatic transmission types available. Typical engine/automatic transmissioncombinations included:
- 5.7 L (350 ci)L05gasoline V8 TBI/GM 4L80-E4-speed
- 6.2 LGM DieselV8/GM TH400/3L803-speed
- 6.5 LGM DieselV8/GM 4L80-E4-speed
- 6.5 L turboGM DieselV8/GM 4L80-E4-speed
- 6.6 L turboDuramax LLYV8turboDiesel/Allison 10005-speed (2006 only)
The Hummer H1 shares some common driveline parts with theHMMWV.These include brakes, axles, and frame, as well as major body panels (hood, tailgate, and quarter panels) that are shared between the HMMWV and Hummer H1. All H1s and HMMWVs were produced on the same assembly line; of which the civilian H1s were painted and finished in a separate building.
The H1 models feature a widetrackand 86.5 in width due to the original Humvees necessity to be able to drive in the tracks left by military tanks. They canford30 inches (762 mm) of water and climb a 22-inch (559 mm) step. The standard 16-inch (406 mm) ground clearance is achieved by positioning driveline components high inside a wide channel in the center of the passenger compartment, meaning that despite the large interior volume, the H1 only had seating for four. Approach and departure angles are 72 and 37.5 degrees. ACentral Tire Inflation System(CTIS) controls the tire air pressure allowing lower tire pressures for off-road and higher tire pressures on-road.[11]
Other features includeinboard brakesandportal gearsto positiondrivetrain'shalf shaftshigher for greater ground clearance. The radiator is mounted high, sloping over the engine on a forward-hinged hood. The air intake is high, enabling the H1 to ford waist-level water. Options included magnesium-aluminum alloy or rubber inserts for run-flat tire ability.[12]Other options include leather seats, a winch kit, and running boards.[12]
2006 H1 Alpha
edit
The "Alpha" was a re-engineered H1 equipped withGM's 6.6 LDuramaxDieseland 5-speed Allison transmission. This replaced the previous GM 6.5 L diesel engine.
The update program commenced in late 2002 with a production launch in the fall of 2004. To fit into the H1 engine bay, 23 engine component changes were incorporated as well as a 2.0 in (51 mm) body lift to accommodate the taller engine and its turbo housing (a prior 0.5 in (13 mm) lift had been done for MY96 to accommodate the turbo on the 6.5 L engine). The 8th digit of the VIN is 3, setting this version of the 6.6L Duramax apart from the versions used in pickup trucks.[13]The GMT560 engine output was 300 hp (220 kW) and 520 lb⋅ft (705 N⋅m) of torque. The engine was equipped with cooledexhaust gas recirculationand an internal engine oil cooler, thus, requiring a 40% heat rejection increase to engine coolant. Because space was limited between the air-lift brackets that protruded from the hood, the fan system was modified by putting it directly under the cool pack and driving it through a special gearbox directly off the crankshaft damper pulley. Several other cooling system modifications were required to assist with cold starting from −30 °F (−34 °C).
Other major modifications included the use of special high-strength steel in the chassis frame, a more powerful steering gear; quieter axle differentials, redesign of the geared hubs to use quieter helical gears, new induction, exhaust, and electrical power systems; and re-engineering of the fuel supply and filtration system.
The Duramax engine delivered more torque at lower engine speeds than the 6.5 L, combined with a lower gearing ratio (about 44.5 to 1 in the low lock) made the vehicle more powerful. Other changes included centralized tire inflation and a new interior.
Production launch was early in 2005 with vehicles built classified as model year 2006 - the 10th digit in VIN is a 6.
The program was canceled in May 2006, because sales of the nearly $129,000 vehicle had not improved, with production ending in June 2006.[14]
The Hummer brand
editOn June 2, 2009, General Motors attempted a sale of its Hummer brand to a Chinese company,Tengzhong,as part of its bankruptcy settlement. By October 2009, an agreement was reached following a year-long effort by GM to unload a brand "that had become synonymous with gas-guzzling excess."[15]
On February 24, 2010, General Motors announced that the company was shutting down its Hummer brand due to Tengzhong withdrawing its bid. Tengzhong stated that the bid was withdrawn due to a failure to get approval from the Chinese government.[16][17]
On January 30, 2020, General Motors announced the revival of the Hummer nameplate, which would be used as a new electric off-road vehicle within itsGMCbrand. The new vehicle, now known as theGMC Hummer EV,will have two variants, an SUV and a truck ( "SUT" ).[18]
Production
edit| Model year | Production |
|---|---|
| 1992 | 316 |
| 1993 | 612 |
| 1994 | 718 |
| 1995 | 1,432 |
| 1996 | 1,374 |
| 1997 | 1,209 |
| 1998 | 945 |
| 1999 | 831 |
| 2000 | 1,333 |
| 2001 | 869 |
| 2002 | 704 |
| 2003 | 494 |
| 2004 | 252 |
| 2005 | 0 |
| 2006 | 729 |
| Total | 11,818 |
While there was no 2005 model year Hummer H1, the 2006 model year H1 Alphas were manufactured in both 2005 and 2006. A total of 448 H1 Alphas were produced from January through May 2005, and 281 H1 Alphas were produced from September 2005 through May 2006, when the production for the Hummer H1 officially ended.
in 2017,VLF Automotivewas contracted to build about 100 H1s from kits supplied by AM General.[19]Called the Humvee C-Series, these will be exported to Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and China.[19]
Gallery
edit- Hummer H1 models
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2004 Hummer H1 undercarriage -
Modified red Hummer H1 -
Hummer H1 in white -
Camouflaged Humvee military version -
References
edit- ^"1999 Hummer H1 Brochure".oldcarbrochures.org.pp. 18–19.Retrieved24 December2022.
- ^Valdes-Dapena, Peter."Jeep gets back in uniform - Hummer: Born from Jeeps (6)".money.cnn.Retrieved24 December2022.
- ^O'Neill, Chris (29 August 2018)."Here Are the Detailed Civilian Hummer H1 Production Figures You've Always Wanted".Autotrader.Retrieved30 January2023.
- ^Appel, Tom (10 April 2019)."Review Flashback: 2001 Hummer H1".The Daily Drive by Consumer Guide.Retrieved24 December2022.
- ^abc"The origins of the Hummer".HISTORY.13 November 2009.Retrieved13 November2009.
- ^"Today in military history: Origins of the Humvee".We Are The Mighty.19 March 2023.Retrieved19 March2023.
- ^Petrány, Máté (12 October 2020)."The 1993 Hummer H1 Was Really an Expensive Heap Completely Unsuited for Civilian Life".The Drive.Retrieved2 February2023.
- ^Strohl, Daniel (2 February 2020)."A universe all its own: How AM General sold the first civilian Hummer".Hemmings.Retrieved2 February2023.
- ^"GM to discontinue original Hummer H1 model".NBC News.Associated Press. 12 May 2006.Retrieved12 September2017.
- ^"Big, militaristic Hummer H1 on its way out".USAToday.Associated Press. 14 May 2006.Retrieved22 May2017.
- ^"Hummer H1 Review".edmunds.Retrieved27 September2009.
- ^ab"1999 Hummer brochure index page".oldcarbrochures.org.Retrieved24 December2022.
- ^"Hummer H1 For Sale".dupontregistry.Retrieved13 January2017.
- ^Truett, Richard (14 May 2006)."GM ending production of Hummer H1".autoweek.Retrieved17 December2023.
- ^"General Motors to sell Hummer to China's Sichuan Tengzhong Heavy Industrial Machinery".Chicago Tribune.9 October 2009.Retrieved17 December2023.
- ^Bunkley, Nick (24 February 2010)."G.M. to Close Hummer After Sale Fails".The New York Times.Retrieved24 December2022.
- ^Dongmei, Liang (4 March 2010)."How Tengzhong won by losing the Hummer deal".MarketWatch.Retrieved17 December2023.
- ^Paukert, Chris."Hummer's electrifying return teased in GMC Super Bowl trailer".cnet.Retrieved30 January2020.
- ^abSzymkowski, Sean (9 May 2017)."VLF Is Now Building And Selling The Hummer H1 To China".gmauthority.Retrieved24 December2022.
External links
edit
- AM General
- Hummer H1 Maintenance ManualsHummer H1 Maintenance Manuals and Parts
- Year-by-Year Differences