Wikipedia

Hurricane Matthew

For other storms of the same name, seeList of storms named Matthew.

Hurricane Matthewwas a powerfultropical cyclonewhich caused catastrophic damage and ahumanitarian crisisinHaiti,as well as widespread devastation in thesoutheastern United States.The deadliestAtlantic hurricanesinceHurricane Stanin2005,and the firstCategory 5 Atlantic hurricanesinceFelixin2007,Matthew was the thirteenthnamed storm,fifthhurricaneand secondmajor hurricaneof the2016 Atlantic hurricane season.It caused extensive damage to landmasses in theGreater Antilles,and severe damage in several islands of theBahamaswhich were still recovering fromJoaquin,which had pounded thearchipelagonearly a year earlier. Matthew also approached the southeastern United States, but stayed just offshore, paralleling theFloridacoastline.

Hurricane Matthew
Matthew shortly after peak intensity just north ofColombiaearly on October 1
Meteorological history
FormedSeptember 28, 2016
ExtratropicalOctober 9, 2016
DissipatedOctober 10, 2016
Category 5 major hurricane
1-minute sustained(SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds165 mph (270 km/h)
Lowest pressure934mbar(hPa); 27.58inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities731 total
Damage$16.5 billion (2016USD)
Areas affectedWindward Islands,Leeward Antilles,Venezuela,Colombia,Greater Antilles,Lucayan Archipelago,Southeastern United States,Atlantic Canada
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the2016 Atlantic hurricane season
History

Effects

Other wikis

Originating from atropical wavethat emerged off Africa on September 22, Matthew developed into atropical stormjust east of theLesser Antilleson September 28. It became a hurricane north ofVenezuelaandColombiaon September 29, before undergoingexplosive intensification,ultimately reaching Category 5 intensity on October 1 with peak 1-minute sustained winds of 165 mph. This strength was attained at just 13.4°N latitude – the lowest latitude ever recorded for a storm of this intensity in the Atlantic basin, breaking the record set byHurricane Ivanin 2004.[1]Matthew weakened slightly and fluctuated in intensity while making a northward turn toward theGreater Antilles,remaining a strong Category 4 hurricane as it made its firstlandfallover Haiti'sTiburon Peninsulaearly on October 4, and then a second one inCubalater that day. Matthew weakened somewhat but re-intensified as it tracked northwest, making landfall in the northernBahamas.The storm then paralleled the coast of the southeastern United States over the next 36 hours, gradually weakening while remaining just offshore before making its fourth and final landfall over theCape Romain National Wildlife RefugenearMcClellanville,South Carolinaas a Category 1 hurricane on the morning of October 8. Matthew re-emerged into the Atlantic shortly afterward, eventually completing its transition into anextratropical cycloneas it turned away fromCape Hatteras,North Carolinaon October 9. The remnants of Matthew continued to accelerate towardsCanadawhere it was absorbed by a cold front.[2]

Widespread effects were felt from Matthew across its destructive path, however,the most significant impacts were felt in Haiti,withUS$2.8 billion in damage and 674 deaths, making Matthew the worst disaster to affect the nation since the2010 earthquake.The combination of flooding and high winds disrupted telecommunications and destroyed extensive swaths of land; around 80% ofJérémiesustained significant damage. Four people were killed in Cuba due to a bridge collapse, and total losses in the country amounted to US$2.58 billion, most of which occurred in the Guantánamo Province. Passing through the Bahamas as a major hurricane, Matthew spread damage across several islands.Grand Bahamawas hit directly, where most homes sustained damage in the townships of Eight Mile Rock and Holmes Rock. Preparations began in earnest across the southeastern United States as Matthew approached, with several states declaringstates of emergenciesfor either entire states or coastal counties; widespread evacuations were ordered for extensive areas of the coast because of predicted high wind speeds and flooding, especially in theJacksonvilleMetropolitan Area. In Florida, over 1 million lost power as the storm passed to the east, with 478,000 losing power in Georgia and South Carolina. While damage was primarily confined to the coast in Florida and Georgia, torrential rains spread inland in theCarolinasandVirginia,causing widespread flooding.

Meteorological history

Main article:Meteorological history of Hurricane Matthew
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
Unknown
Storm type
Extratropical cyclone,remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

A vigoroustropical wavemoved off the coast ofAfricaon September 22 and moved rapidly across the Atlantic, being monitored by theNational Hurricane Center(NHC) for possibletropical cyclogenesis.Despite possessing tropical-storm winds as it approached theLesser Antilleson September 27, the wave could not initially be classified as a tropical cyclone, as reconnaissance aircraft could not find a closed center. However, by 12:00 UTC on September 28, the wave developed a closed circulation while located nearBarbados,hence becoming a tropical storm, and was assigned the nameMatthew.Continuing westward under the influence of a mid-level ridge, the storm steadily intensified to attain hurricane intensity by 18:00 UTC on September 29. The effects of southwesterly wind shear unexpectedly abated late that day, and Matthew began a period ofexplosive intensification;during a 24-hour period beginning at 00:00 UTC on September 30, the cyclone's maximum winds more than doubled, from 80 to 165 mph (129 to 266 km/h), making Matthew a Category 5 hurricane,[1]the first sinceFelixin 2007;[3]the rate of intensification has only been exceeded a few times in the Atlantic since records began. Due toupwellingof cooler waters, Matthew weakened to a Category 4 hurricane later on October 1, before attaining a secondary peak intensity with winds of 155 mph (249 km/h) late on October 2.[1]

Slowly rounding the ridge, Matthew fluctuated in intensity within the Category 4 range from October 1–5. Intensification resumed again late on October 3 and culminated when Matthew made landfall nearLes Anglais,Haiti,around 11:00 UTC on October 4 with winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) and a pressure of 934 millibars (27.6 inHg), making it the strongest to hit Haiti sinceCleoin 1964. Continuing northward, the hurricane struckMaisíin Cuba early on October 5 as a slightly weaker storm. Cuba's and Haiti's mountainous terrain weakened Matthew to Category 3 status, as it began to accelerate northwestwards throughthe Bahamas.Restrengthening occurred as Matthew's circulation became better organized, with the storm becoming a Category 4 hurricane again while passingFreeport.However, Matthew began to weaken again as aneyewall replacement cycletook place. The storm significantly weakened while closely paralleling the coasts of Florida and Georgia, the western portion of the outer eyewall came ashore in Florida as a Category 3 hurricane, while the inner eyewall remained just offshore. Matthew weakened to a Category 2 hurricane late on October 7 and then to a Category 1 hurricane by 12:00 UTC on October 8.[1]

Hurricane Matthew as observed by NASA aboard theInternational Space Stationon October 3.

Around 15:00 UTC on October 8, the hurricane madelandfallatCape Romain National Wildlife Refuge,nearMcClellanville, South Carolina,with winds of 85 mph (137 km/h) and a central pressure of 963 mbar (28.4 inHg), which made it the strongest to strike the United States in terms of pressure sinceIrenein 2011, and the first hurricane to make landfall north of Florida in October sinceHurricane Hazelin 1954.[nb 1][4][1]Convection became displaced from the center as Matthew pulled away from land due to increasing wind shear, with the NHC declaring the system anextratropical cycloneabout 200 mi (320 km) east ofCape Hatteras, North Carolina,on October 9. The remnants persisted for another day, before they were absorbed by acold front.[1]

Records

Matthew set several records during its long and destructive journey. Matthew intensified into a Category 5 hurricane at alatitudeof 13.4 degrees north, breaking the record set byIvanin 2004, which had reached that intensity at a latitude of 13.7 degrees north.[1]Matthew also maintained at least Category 4 status for the longest duration on record for the month of October, according to Phil Klotzbach ofColorado State University,doing so for roughly 5 days.[5]

Preparations

Windward Islands and South America

Water vapour loop of Matthew passing over theWindward Islandsand entering the Caribbean Sea on September 28

On September 27, prior to Matthew becoming a tropical cyclone,LIATbegan cancelling flights across theWindward Islandsin anticipation of squally weather.[6]Schools and businesses were closed for the duration of Matthew's passage on September 27 and 28 onGrenada,[7]St. Vincent and St. Lucia; schools in Dominica suspended classes until October 3.[8][9]Hewanorra International AirportandGeorge F. L. Charles Airporton St. Lucia were closed on September 28.[9]Six shelters were opened across the island; 133 sought refuge in them.[10]Upon the formation of Matthew as a tropical cyclone on September 28, governments across the Windward Islands issuedtropical storm warningsin anticipation ofgale-force winds.[11]

A map of forecast rainfall totals from Hurricane Matthew for theGreater Antillesandthe Bahamas.Peak accumulations in excess of 30 in (760 mm) were expected along the southern coast ofHaiti'sTiburon Peninsula.

The storm's unusual south track prompted the issuance oftropical storm watcheson September 28 forAruba,Bonaire,Curaçao,and the northern coast ofColombiafrom the Colombia–Venezuelaborder toRiohacha.[12][13]North Atlantichurricanes affecting South Americaare uncommon. The watch in Colombia was later upgraded to a warning on September 30 as Matthew continued on a west-southwest track near the country.[14]Residents across theABC Islandswere advised to board their homes and stock up on supplies, leading to long lines at supermarkets and gas stations.[15]Curaçao's government postponed the2016 general electionuntil October 5.[16]Government offices in Aruba closed for September 30.[15]A local sporting event, the Kingdom Tournament, was canceled in Aruba.[16]Schools across theGuajira PeninsulaofColombiasuspended activities for September 30.[17]Officials opened shelters and closed beaches across the peninsula.[18]

Jamaica

With Matthew posing a significant threat toJamaica,emergency officials ordered all fishermen on the nation's cays and banks to evacuate to the mainland on September 29. The following day,Prime MinisterAndrew Holnessheld an emergency meeting regarding the hurricane and placed the government on high alert.[19]Ahurricane watchwas issued for the country on September 30,[20]and later upgraded to awarningon October 1.[21]Officials inTrelawny Parishplaced 60 shelters on stand-by on October 2.[22]Supermarkets were overwhelmed with residents stocking up on supplies, and many reported empty shelves and low supplies of bread, kerosene, and candles. Many people boarded up their homes and protected their property with sand bags. One hundred female prisoners were relocated from a facility inSt. Catherine Parishto another inKingston.Toll fees alongHighway 2000were to be waived during the hours before Matthew's arrival. Service at bothNorman Manley International AirportandSangster International Airportwas scheduled to be suspended during the evening of October 2 or by the morning of October 3.[23]TheJamaica Urban Transit Companyscheduled to suspend services beginning at 6:00 p.m. local time.[24]TheJamaica Public Serviceinformed residents that the power grid might be shut off during the storm if conditions became severe.[25]Members of theJamaica Defence Forcewere deployed nationwide in advance of the hurricane in order to more swiftly deal with its aftermath.[26]

Schools and government offices suspended operations starting on October 3.[27][28]A total of 900 shelters opened across Jamaica and the Urban Transit Company provided buses to evacuate people from Kingston to theNational Arena.Local Minister Desmond McKenzie warned that the infrastructure of Kingston would be unable to handle the magnitude of rainfall expected.[27]Prime MinisterAndrew Holnesswarned residents that Matthew could be more severe thanHurricane Gilbertwhich devastated the nation in 1988.[29]

Haiti

The animation shows Hurricane Matthew from September 28 to October 2, and 3-dimensional radar data from GPM's DPR instrument.

Though forecast to pass over Jamaica at the time, the large extent of tropical storm-force winds prompted the issuance of a tropical storm watch forHaiti'sTiburon Peninsulatoward the border with theDominican Republic.[20]Following an eastward shift in Matthew's predicted track, a hurricane watch was issued for much of Haiti on October 1, encompassing areas fromMôle-Saint-Nicolassouth to the Dominican Republic border;[30]this was upgraded to a warning just hours later.[21]The warning eventually encompassed the entire country by the afternoon of October 2.[31]Residents on outlying islands of Haiti were evacuated to the mainland.[32]Life-threatening rainfall was forecast to affect much of the nation,[33]with accumulations averaging 15 to 25 in (38 to 64 cm) along the southern coast with isolated peaks up to 40 in (100 cm).[34]Although government officials held meetings on storm preparation,Radio France Internationalereported that Haiti does not have the logistical capability to handle a large-scale disaster. Only 576 shelters, with a collective capacity of 90,000 people, were listed for all of southern Haiti.[35]According to theInternational Organization for Migration,55,107internally displaced personsremained in camps or hosting sites without adequate protection from the hurricane.[36]

Provisional President of HaitiJocelerme Privertaddressed the nation on October 2, urging those living along the coast and in poorly constructed homes to evacuate and comply with authorities.[37]Despite pleas from officials, many residents refused to leave their homes.[38]Schools were closed for October 3–4, though government offices remained open.[37]Nationwide, a total of 1,300 shelters were readied with a total capacity of 390,000 people. More than 18,000 volunteers and members of the Red Cross, community intervention teams, municipal committees, and local emergency services were readied to assist residents.[39]At least 500 people were evacuated fromJérémie.[40]Although civil protection officials took to the streets to warn people, many residents were unaware that Matthew was even approaching the country a day before its expected landfall.[41]Evacuations continued through the hurricane's landfall with the total number of people in shelters reaching 9,280 by 2:00 a.m. local time on October 4.[42]

On October 5, the Electoral Provisional Council postponed thepresidential election,thesecond round of the legislative electionsand thefirst round of the Senate electionsuntil November 20.[43]

Dominican Republic

On the morning of October 2, a tropical storm warning was raised for the southern coast of the Dominican Republic fromBarahonawest to the Haitian border, and a tropical storm watch was issued for the northern coast fromPuerto Platawest to the Haitian border.[44]At least 8,500 people were evacuated in southwestern areas of the country by the morning of October 3.[40]

Cuba and the Bahamas

Annotated animation of Hurricane Matthew moving through the Bahamas on October 5–6

The Meteorological Service of Cuba raised hurricane watches for all of southeasternCubaon October 1, encompassing the provinces ofCamagüey,Las Tunas,Granma,Holguín,Santiago de Cuba,andGuantánamo.[21]This was subsequently upgraded to a warning on October 2 for all provinces except Camagüey.[31]Non-essential personnel in the United States'Guantanamo Bay Naval Basebegan evacuations that day.[32]Evacuations of more than 1 million people across Cuba started that morning, including 252,000 in Santiago de Cuba, and 230,000 from Las Tunas with priority placed on those along the coast.[45][46]Across Santiago de Cuba, which suffered extensive damage fromHurricane Sandyin 2012, 218 shelters were opened and officials placed extra attention on Socapa, Caracoles, and Cayo Granma.[45]Emergency personnel, primarily doctors, were dispatched to high-risk areas and supplies were stockpiled.[46]

The Government of the Bahamas began issuing hurricane watches on October 2 for southeastern islands as well as theTurks and Caicos.[31]Flights across southern islands were cancelled and schools suspended operations beginning the following day.[47]

United States

National Hurricane Center DirectorRichard Knabb(pictured)regularly filmed briefings on the forecast and expected impacts of Hurricane Matthew in the United States.

On October 3, the governors ofFloridaandNorth Carolinadeclared astate of emergency.[48][49]The next day,South CarolinagovernorNikki Haleyordered an evacuation for those residents living within one hundred miles (160 km) of the coast.[50]Interstate 26 in South Carolinaeastbound between the coast andColumbiawasreversedon Wednesday to facilitate movement away from theLowcountryandCharlestonareas.[51]Evacuations ofCape Lookout National Seashorein North Carolina began this day as well.[52]By October 4, North Carolina GovernorPat McCroryhad ordered that evacuation be mandatory. A state of emergency was also declared for 13 counties in easternGeorgia.[53]

On October 5,Port Canaveralwas closed by the U.S. Coast Guard, the first closure since 2004. Eight cruise ships and four cargo ships were scheduled to visit the port between October 5–9.[54]On Cape Canaveral, home to both civilian and military spaceflight facilities, no rockets or spacecraft were in vulnerable positions; at the time of Matthew's approach, the next launch was scheduled for November 4.[55]TheKennedy Space Centerbegan preparations of the facilities on October 5. Older buildings at the KSC were designed to withstand winds of 105–125 mph (169–201 km/h); buildings constructed after 1992, when Category 5Hurricane Andrewstruck the Miami area, are built to withstand 130 mph (210 km/h) winds.[56]AtCape Canaveral Air Force Station,the U.S. Air Force's45th Space Wingbegan disconnecting electric power to non-essential facilities on October 4.[55]

Enhanced infrared satellite loop of Matthew passing east ofFloridaon October 7

For the fourth time in its 45-year history, theWalt Disney World Resortclosed. Itstheme parks,Magic Kingdom,Epcot,Disney's Hollywood StudiosandDisney's Animal Kingdom,as well aswater parksDisney's Blizzard Beach,Disney's Typhoon Lagoon,andDisney Springs,were closed at 5:00 p.m.Eastern Daylight Timeon October 6, and remained closed on October 7.[57]This was the first time since 2004 that the parks have closed, all instances due to hurricanes. Other Orlando-area theme parks, includingUniversal Orlandoresort andSeaWorld Orlando,also closed.[58]

TheSoutheastern Conferencefootball game betweenLSUandFlorida,scheduled for October 8 in Gainesville, was cancelled, while the SEC football game betweenGeorgiaandSouth Carolina,scheduled for October 8 in Columbia, was moved to October 9. The hurricane washed outNASCARracing atCharlotte Motor Speedwayon October 7 and 8, with theDrive for the Cure 300race in theXfinity Seriesoriginally scheduled for October 7 and theBank of America 500race in theSprint Cup Seriesoriginally scheduled for October 8 both postponed until October 9.[59][60]

On October 6, U.S. PresidentBarack Obamadeclared a federalstate of emergencyfor Florida,[61]later extending to include Georgia and South Carolina.[62]Florida's governorRick Scotturged over 1.5 million people to evacuate,[63]with Hurricane Matthew expected to make landfall by the evening of that day.[64]Severalnews anchorsalso issued dire warnings urging Floridians to evacuate.[65]

That same day, Georgia governorNathan Dealordered a mandatory evacuation for all areas of the state east ofInterstate 95,and theGeorgia Department of Public Safetyreversed the eastbound lanes on a portion ofInterstate 16effective until the following day.[66][67]

Online response

On October 6, theconservativenews aggregatorDrudge Report—run byMatt Drudge—headlined a five-word comment on Matthew: "Storm Fizzle? Matthew Looks Ragged!" which linked to aMiami Heraldarticle.[68][69]Drudge later used Twitter to claim that the National Hurricane Center was lying to the public about the intensity of the storm, stating that measurements from Nassau, Bahamas, did not match the 165 mph (266 km/h) gusts listed in public advisories. The tweets implied that the hurricane was not as dangerous as it seemed and that politicians were trying to "blame mankind,"[70]referring to a blog posting about Hillary Clinton.[70]This came on the heels of radio talk show hostRush Limbaugh's claims of the conspiracy to "sell" climate change.[71]The claims of conspiracy were posted as Matthew posed a dire threat to Florida's east coast and when residents across the state were being urged to evacuate immediately.[72]Drudge's commentary was quickly met with sharp condemnation and criticism from meteorologists and public officials. DemocraticRepresentativeKeith Ellisoncalled the comments "irresponsible" and urged people to "not listen to this man."[70]Jason Samenow ofThe Washington Postdescribed it as an "incredible and offensive accusation", and stated that it "may have introduced enough doubt to lead [residents] into a decision they will regret."[68]

Impact

Deaths and damage by country
Country Fatalities Damage
(2016 USD) 		Ref(s)
Total Direct Indirect
The Bahamas 0 0 0 $580 million [1][73]
Canada 0 0 0 $76 million [74]
Colombia 1 1 0 — [18]
Cuba 4 0 4 $2.58 billion [1][75]
Dominican Republic 4 4 0 $434 million [76][77]
Haiti 674 674 0 $2.8 billion [1][78][79][80]
Saint Vincent
and the Grenadines 		1 1 0 — [8]
United States 47 34 13 $10 billion [1]
Totals: 731 714 17 $16.5 billion

Windward Islands

OnSt. Vincent,heavy rains caused landslides and flooding across the island. One person was killed in the town of Layou when a boulder broke loose.[8]In nearby Buccament Bay, a river overtopped its banks, prompting at least 25 people to evacuate to emergency shelters. The Hermitage River rose by at least 3.6 ft (1.1 m) in one hour, and as a precautionary measure, the Central Water and Sewage Authority shut off all water service. Flooding also took place in Vermont, South Rivers, sections of Kingstown, Campden Park, Arnos Vale, and Langley Park. Debris deposited by flooded rivers rendered many roads impassable.[9]

Strong winds in excess of 60 mph (97 km/h) downed many trees and power lines onSt. Lucia,leaving roughly 70 percent of the island without power. Landslides and flooding, the result of more than 10 in (250 mm) of rain accompanying the storm, damaged many homes and roads.[8]Rainfall at Hewanorra International Airport amounted to 13.19 in (335 mm).[81]The nation's banana crop suffered significant damage; 85 percent of farms reported losses. Two homes were destroyed, one in Bisee, and one in Gros Islet; several others were damaged. Roads in Castries, Gros-Islet, Dennery, and Soufriere became impassible from debris or landslides.[10]Some damage was also reported onDominica,temporarily leaving many people without water and electricity.[8]Heavy rainfall in Grenada disrupted the water supply in multiple communities.[82]

InMartiniquestrong winds, which gusted up to 89 mph (143 km/h) inSaint-Pierre,[81]wreaked havoc on the power grid; roughly 55,000 people lost electricity. Numerous trees downed by the winds blocked roadways while heavy rains led to flooding. The main road fromFort-de-Franceto southern towns was rendered impassable during the storm. Approximately 4,000 people lost their water supply. Three people sustained minor injuries.[83]

ABC islands and South America

The effects of Matthew across theABC islandswere relatively limited despite its proximity. Some street flooding occurred on Aruba and Curaçao. Heavy winds were also experienced. There was some damage to cars after street flooding occurred. Outdoor bars and restaurants were damaged.[15]The Guajira Peninsula of Colombia saw its first heavy rain event in three years, leading to widespread flash flooding. One person drowned in a swollen river inUribia;[18]1.29 in (32.8 mm) of rain fell in 30 minutes in the town.[84]Rainfall inCartagenareached 8.7 in (222 mm) during a 24-hour span andSanta Martasaw 5.5 in (140 mm).[85]Along coastal areas of the peninsula, large swells damaged buildings, prompting the evacuation of 380 people inManaure.[17][18]Roughly 70 percent ofTucurincaflooded when theMagdalena Riverovertopped its banks; a nearby bridge collapsed, isolating some communities.[86]Approximately 73,000 people were affected by the floods.[85]The dangerous conditions produced by Matthew prevented thousands of people from voting in apeace agreement referendum.[87]

Jamaica

Jamaica suffered relatively minor effects, characteristic of tropical storm conditions. Along the coast, rip currents andbeach erosionwas reported, with additional flooding due to rainfall occurring. Strong wind gusts tore at the island's vegetation, causing minor damage.[88][89]

Haiti

Main article:Effects of Hurricane Matthew in Haiti
Hurricane Matthew approaching Jamaica, Haiti, and Cuba on October 3
Matthew making landfall in Haiti

Large swells reached the outlying Haitian island ofÎle-à-Vacheon October 2, prompting the evacuation of 89 people.[90]Despite boating bans, many fishermen continued work in rough conditions. Consequently, two fishermen went missing on the morning of October 3: one nearSaint-Jean-du-Sudand the other nearAquin;one was later found dead.[41]Antecedent rainfall associated with the outer bands of Matthew triggered flooding in several towns in southern Haiti and the Dominican Republic.[40]A person was killed when a tree fell on his home inPort Salut,while a 26-year-old man drowned while trying to rescue a child from a rushing river.[91]

Striking the Tiburon Peninsula as a Category 4 hurricane on the morning of October 4, Matthew was the strongest storm to directly impact Haiti sinceHurricane Cleoin 1964. An anemometer atAntoine-Simon AirportinLes Cayes,east of where Matthew made landfall, measured a gust of 107 mph (172 km/h) before the station went offline. Gusts in the nation's capital city ofPort-au-Princereached 60 mph (97 km/h).[92]Communications with areas in the direct path of Matthew were lost, and tens of thousands of people became isolated as roads and bridges were destroyed. A major bridge connecting parts ofGrand'Anseto the rest of the country collapsed during a flash flood. 80% ofJérémie,[93]along the north shore of the Tiburon Peninsula, suffered tremendous damage; homes were flattened and medical facilities suffered major damage. A radio host in Port-au-Prince stated that Jérémie was "pretty much wiped out from the seaboard all the way to the cathedral".[94]

Officially, 546 deaths were attributed to the storm in Haiti,[1]however local governments believed the death toll to be over 1,000; this value may have been overestimated.[95][96][97][98][99]According to the nation's Civil Protection Directorate, the death toll was 546 as of October 14, with 128 people missing and 439 injured.[78][79][100]The government initially estimated damages at around 124 billiongourdes(US$1.9 billion),[1][101]but later research found that the actual damages were up to $2.8 billion.[80]Approximately 2.1 million people were affected by the storm, of whom 1.4 million (12 percent of Haiti's population) were left in need of assistance. Furthermore, roughly 175,000 people were left homeless.[79]

Dominican Republic

The Dominican Republic reported significant rainfall andcoastal floodingdue to Matthew. An automated weather station inCabo Rojomeasured 8.43 in (214 mm) of rain by the afternoon of October 3.[102]Four people died after a house collapsed on top of them.[76]Damage of the flooding were aboutRD$20 billion (US$434 million).[77]

Cuba

Costliest Cuban hurricanes
Rank Hurricane Season Damage Refs
1 Irma 2017 $13.2 billion [103]
2 Ike 2008 $7.3 billion [104]
3 Matthew 2016 $2.58 billion [105]
4 Gustav 2008 $2.1 billion [104]
5 Michelle 2001 $2 billion [106]
Sandy 2012 [107]
7 Dennis 2005 $1.5 billion [108]
8 Ivan 2004 $1.2 billion [109]
9 Charley 2004 $923 million [109]
10 Wilma 2005 $700 million [110]
View of clifferosiona day after Hurricane Matthew hitNaval Station Guantanamo Bay

Coastal flooding began in Granma Province, Cuba, on October 2, affecting three towns along theSierra Maestras.[45]Hurricane Matthew struck the easternmost province of Cuba during the evening of October 4 as a Category 4, causing tremendous damage. The coastal city ofBaracoasuffered widespread damage from violent winds, andstorm surge,the latter of which gutted countless buildings.[111]Despite the severity of damage, no fatalities were reported in the city. A communication tower in Majayara collapsed during the storm and a bridge spanning theToa riverwas destroyed; several communities left isolated as a result.[112]Damages in Cuba amounted to US$2.58 billion; most of which occurred in the Guantánamo Province.[105]

Nearly two months later, on November 22, a municipal bridge in the city ofMoathat was damaged by Hurricane Matthew collapsed, killing four employees of Canadian mining companySherritt International.The employees were undertaking repairs to restore access between Moa and a mining site.[75]

Bahamas

Experiencing a direct hit from the eyewall of Matthew,Grand Bahamasuffered extensive damage. An estimated 95 percent of homes in Eight Mile Rock and Holmes Rock sustained severe damage. Numerous trees and power lines were toppled by the storm's high winds, rendering roads impassable. Flooding-induced by the backside of the storm affected much of the western half of the island.[113]Total losses from Matthew in the Bahamas are estimated to be around $580 million.[73][114]

United States

Deaths and damage by U.S. state
State Deaths Damage Ref
Florida 12 $2.77 billion [115]
Georgia 3 $90 million [116]
North Carolina 26 $1.6 billion [117]
South Carolina 4 $249.6 million [118]
Virginia 2 $58.14 million [119]

In total, the storm killed 47 people in the US, including 26 in North Carolina, 12 in Florida, 3 in Georgia, 4 in South Carolina, and 2 in Virginia.[120][121][122][123]According to theNational Centers for Environmental Information,damage from Matthew across the United States reached approximately $10 billion. This ranked it the costliest national disaster in the country for 2016 alongsiderecord floods in Louisiana.[124]

Florida and Georgia

Main article:Effects of Hurricane Matthew in Florida

As Hurricane Matthew traveled rapidly towards the southeastern region of the United States, it hit closely to the coasts of Florida, South Carolina, Georgia, and North Carolina. On October 7 in Fernandina Beach, Florida, there was a peak surge of 9.88 ft (3.01 m) above normal. Additionally, in the St. Augustine area, water was reported to be 2.5 ft (0.76 m) above ground.[125]

As Matthew tracked parallel to the Florida coast, it left over one million people without power across the state of Florida.[126]InJacksonvilleit caused major sand dune damage and flooding in theSt. Johns River.It also destroyed many properties and knocked out power for nearly 250,000 electrical customers.[127]InIndialantic, Florida,firefighters exposed themselves to the storm's winds to put out a fire, which reportedly destroyed a greenhouse.[128]In Florida, one woman died due to a heart attack; she had called for aid, but medical services were not able to arrive due to Matthew's high winds. Another two women were killed by falling trees.[129][130]In theFlagler Beacharea, a portion ofFlorida State Road A1Awas washed away.[131]AtKennedy Space Center,winds reached 80 mph (130 km/h) at ground level while a gust of 136 mph (219 km/h) was observed atop a 500 ft (150 m) tower. The facility suffered several million dollars-worth of damage, though overall impacts were less than anticipated. The roof of Operations Support Building II broke, and rainwater damaged the interior. Air conditioning was lost throughoutLaunch Complex 39as well.[132]The planned launches ofGOES-R,NOAA's next generation weather satellite, andCYGNSS,a cluster of smaller satellites which study hurricanes, were delayed due to the suspension of operations during Matthew.[133][134][135]

Over 250,000 customers were left without power in Georgia after Hurricane Matthew affected the area. Roads were also blocked in theBrunswick, Georgia,area, where all access points toSt. Simons Islandwere rendered impassable.[136]

North and South Carolina

Flooding inCharleston, South Carolinaon October 8.
See also:List of United States tornadoes from September to December 2016 § October 8 event

Across South Carolina, at least 600,000 individuals lost power, where significant flooding was reported to have occurred inCharlestonafter a seawall was breached.[137]Hilton Head Islandexperienced widespread water, sewer and power outages for several days, and the only road onto the island was not re-opened to residents until October 11. It is estimated that over 120,000 trees were downed on the island, causing extensive tree-strike damage to residences and businesses. Over 2.1 million cubic yards of vegetative debris generated by the storm was collected. TheWaccamaw Rivercrested inConwayat 17.9 ft (5.5 m), breaking a record set by the1928 Okeechobee hurricane.TheLittle Pee Dee Riverreached a record crest of 17.1 ft (5.2 m) atGalivant's Ferry,also breaking a 1928 record.[138]

TheTar Riveroverflowing its banks nearPitt–Greenville Airporton October 12; it later crested at 24.5 feet (7.5 m).[139]

Twenty-six people died in storm-related incidents across North Carolina.[117]680,000 in North Carolina were without power at one point.[140]Sections ofInterstate 95in South Carolinaandin North Carolinahad to be shut down as a result of hurricane flooding.[141]The North Carolina section reopened October 17.[142]After 10 in (25 cm) of rain fell inCumberland,Harnett,Hoke,MooreandRobeson Countieson September 28 causing flooding, Matthew dumped another 10 to 14 in (25 to 36 cm).[143]As a result, theLumber Riverreached a record 24 ft (7.3 m) in the south end ofLumberton,breaking the record of 20.5 ft (6.2 m) feet.[144]Robeson County schools did not reopen until October 31.[145]InSmithfield,theNeuse Rivercrested at 29.09 ft (8.87 m), 2 ft (0.61 m) higher than afterHurricane Fran.[146]InKinston,the Neuse crested at 28.31 ft (8.63 m), a foot (300 mm) higher than the record set byHurricane Floyd.[147]InGreenville,theTar Rivercrested at 24.5 ft (7.5 m).[139]Preliminary estimates indicate that roughly 100,000 structures were flooded across the state and damage reached US$1.5 billion.[148]

Virginia and the Northeast

Heavy rains and high winds resulted in trees falling and record flooding inLago Mar, Virginia Beach, Virginia.

When the hurricane hit Virginia, Matthew caused two deaths. Heavy wind gusts of up to 68 mph and more than 11 inches of rain led to hundreds of downed trees and severe street flooding in southernVirginia Beach.[149][150][123]The Northeast received heavy rain and minor flooding throughout the days of October 9 and 10.[151]Game 2 of the2016 National League Division Seriesbetween theWashington NationalsandLos Angeles Dodgerswas postponed due to rain from the hurricane.[152]

Canada

Satellite image loop from October 6, when Matthew was a hurricane, to October 11, when it had joined a mid-latitude storm sweeping across eastern Canada.

Matthew's post-tropical remains were absorbed into a frontal zone off the coast of North Carolina. The humidity of the tropical system was drawn into the storm that was formed then. The latter gave heavy rain and strong winds inNova Scotia,Prince Edward IslandandNewfoundlandfrom October 10 to 11.

In Nova Scotia, rain amounts were recorded from east to west as 8.85 in (224.8 mm) inSydney(Cape Breton Island), 5.09 in (129.2 mm) inPort Hawkesbury,4.50 in (114.4 mm) inChéticamp,4.05 in (102.8 mm) inHalifax,3.263 in (82.88 mm) in Kentville, and 1.94 in (49.2 mm) inYarmouth.[153]Heavy rains and strong winds caused flooding and dangerous conditions, particularly in the counties of Pictou, Antigonish, Guysborough and Cape Breton. Several roads were closed to heavy trucks, includingHalifax Harbourbridges and theConfederation Bridgebetween New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island.[153]

Newfoundland was even more affected with accumulations generally ranging from 3.9 to 5.9 in (100 to 150 mm) in the central, southern and western areas. Steady rain fell sometimes at a rate of 0.39 to 0.79 in (10 to 20 mm) per hour, and even 1.7 in (42 mm) per hour inBurgeo.A private station in that community recorded a total of 9.23 in (234.4 mm), while the official station of theGander International Airportsignaled 6.45 in (163.8 mm).[154][155]

The rain caused numerous landslides and swollen rivers cut roads. The state of emergency was declared inLewisporte,St. Alban'sandLittle Burnt Bay.[156]The town of St. Alban's, a community of about 1,200, was cut off from the surrounding communities when the main bridge in town was carried by the waters and a nearby community (Conne River) provided a boat to transport people to St. Alban's and out of the community.[156]The highway to Burgeo, on the south coast of Newfoundland, was also flooded and had to be closed.[154]

The winds of over 56 mph (90 km/h) also caused many fallen trees and electric power outages. The official maximum winds were recorded inPort aux Basquesat 80 mph (128 km/h) and informally in Green Island,Fortune Bay,at 81 mph (130 km/h).[154]Insurance loss acrossAtlantic Canadawere in excess ofC$100 million (US$76 million).[74]

Aftermath

Lesser Antilles

In Martinique,Électricité de Francerequested additional crews fromGuadeloupeandFrench Guianato help restore power. Members of the military and Forces françaises aux Antilles were deployed to assist in clearing debris from roadways.[83]The St. Lucia Red Cross distributed non-food items to 270 people affected by the storm.[157]

Haiti

A CH-53E Sea Stallion helicopter assigned to the 24thMarine Expeditionary Unit,lands on the flight deck of the amphibious transport dock shipUSSMesa Verde.It is underway in preparation to support humanitarian assistance and disaster relief efforts in Haiti in response to Hurricane Matthew

On October 4, the United States prepared the aircraft carrier, the hospital shipUSNSComfort—which previously aided thousands in the wake of the2010 Haiti earthquake—and the transport dock for relief operations in Haiti.USSMesa VerdeandUSSGeorge Washingtonwere later relieved byUSSIwo Jima,along with the 24thMarine Expeditionary Unit.United States Southern Commandalso deployed 100 troops with 9 helicopters to the Cayman Islands to prepare for relief work.[158]Initial estimates indicated at least 350,000 people were in need of assistance.[94]

The bridge between the south and Port-au-Prince was destroyed. As a result, aid agencies reported they were having difficulty getting around to the most damaged and storm-affected parts of Haiti.[159]

The commander of U.S. forces in the Caribbean reported that troops and 6 helicopters fromJoint Task Force-Bravohad been deployed to Haiti for the aftermath, and were expected to arrive on October 6. These are expected to help with search-and-rescue missions as well as providing medical assistance. In addition to his, a one-star navy admiral will also travel to lead the task force involved in the operations. More than 300 military personnel will most likely travel to Haiti, with 300 Marines on board on the ships sent out for aid from the U.S.[160]

A number of aid agencies deployed to Haiti to help with the aftermath:[161]

  • Action Aid reported that over 50,000 people were in immediate need of clean water and shelters.
  • World Nation also sent out helicopters, reporting difficulties and their concern about young children and food. They will be providing water and sanitation for over 50,000 people.
  • The UN's World Food Program arranged for enough food to feed up to 300,000 people for a month. A further 34 tonnes are ready in Miami to be used if needed.
  • UNICEF will be providing life-saving aid for 10,000 people.
  • UN's Food and Agricultural Organisation said it would be helping farmers rebuild their businesses by providing seeds.
  • The US Agency for International Development said it would provide $400,000 for aid to Jamaica and Haiti on October 3.[162]
  • Red Cross launched a campaign to raise $9.6 million to provide water, shelter, and food for 50,000 people. They also sent a large number of local volunteers to the south.[93][163]
  • Direct Reliefdelivered a large emergency medical aid airlift to Haiti. The organization used a 757 plane, donated by FedEx, that contained 16.7 tons of medicine and medical supplies.[164]

Cuba

TheWorld Food Programmecoordinated with the Government of Cuba to provide food to approximately 180,000 people in need across eastern provinces. The operation would span six months and cost US$4 million.[165]

Dominican Republic

The EU Caribbean Investment Facility and a €50 million loan from the European Investment Bank will finance the reconstruction of housing, but also other essential infrastructure lost including roads, bridges and urban infrastructure.Climate resiliencewill be improve through infrastructure being built to higher standards and through flood prevention and better use of land. Around 1,000 new houses will be built for between 4,000 and 5,000 people with priority given to more economically vulnerable people.[166][167]

United States

North Carolina National Guardassisting with high-water rescues inFayetteville, North Carolina

In Georgia, the Governor retracted previous evacuations later, emphasizing that their lives could not be endangered for those who chose not to leave. 1,000 members of the National Guard were deployed for help later.[168]

In North Carolina, nearly 900 people had been rescued by boat crews by the morning of October 9.[169]In April 2017, North Carolina Governor Roy Cooper requested $929 million in federal funds. The following month, the Trump administration denied more than 99 percent of this request and only provided $6.1 million to the state.[170]

Retirement

See also:List of retired Atlantic hurricane names

Because of the extensive damage and loss of life the storm caused in multiple countries along its track, the nameMatthewwas retired in March 2017 by theWorld Meteorological Organization,and will never again be used to name an Atlantic tropical cyclone. It was replaced withMartinfor the2022 Atlantic hurricane season.[171][172]

See also

Notes

  1. ^AlthoughHurricane Sandywas significantly deeper and made landfall much farther north in late October 2012, it was anextratropical cycloneat the time of landfall.

References

  1. ^abcdefghijklmStewart, Stacy R (April 3, 2017).Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Matthew(PDF)(Technical report). United States National Hurricane Center.Archived(PDF)from the original on April 5, 2017.RetrievedApril 5,2017.
  2. ^"Matthew Storm History".The Weather Channel.October 3, 2016. Archived fromthe originalon October 18, 2016.RetrievedOctober 16,2016.
  3. ^Lixion A. Avila (September 30, 2016).Hurricane Matthew Public Advisory Number 12(Report). National Hurricane Center.Archivedfrom the original on October 4, 2016.RetrievedOctober 1,2016.
  4. ^"Hurricane Matthew Records/Notable Facts Recap (through October 8)"(PDF).Colorado State University.October 8, 2016.Archived(PDF)from the original on March 28, 2017.RetrievedMarch 25,2017.
  5. ^"Philip Klotzbach on Twitter".twitter.Archivedfrom the original on April 22, 2017.RetrievedApril 10,2017.
  6. ^Makeida Antonio (September 28, 2016)."Weather disturbance draws nearer to Eastern Caribbean".The Daily Observer.Archived fromthe originalon November 27, 2019.RetrievedSeptember 30,2016.
  7. ^"Schools Closed on Wednesday 28 September"(Press release). National Disaster Management Agency. September 28, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on September 30, 2016.RetrievedSeptember 30,2016– via Grenada Now.
  8. ^abcde"One dead as Matthew batters Eastern Caribbean".Jamaica Observer.Kingstown, St. Vincent. Caribbean Media Corporation. September 30, 2016. Archived fromthe originalon March 19, 2021.RetrievedSeptember 30,2016.
  9. ^abc"One dead in St Vincent as Matthew rages".National News.Kingstown, St. Vincent. Caribbean Media Corporation. September 29, 2016. Archived fromthe originalon September 27, 2020.RetrievedSeptember 30,2016.
  10. ^ab"Next Steps in Saint Lucia Recovery After Tropical Storm Matthew".St. Lucia Times.September 30, 2016. Archived fromthe originalon October 5, 2016.RetrievedOctober 1,2016.
  11. ^Daniel Brown (September 28, 2016).Tropical Storm Matthew Public Advisory Number 1(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center.Archivedfrom the original on October 2, 2016.RetrievedOctober 2,2016.
  12. ^Daniel Brown (September 28, 2016).Tropical Storm Matthew Public Advisory Number 2(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center.Archivedfrom the original on October 2, 2016.RetrievedSeptember 30,2016.
  13. ^Daniel Brown and Richard Pasch (September 29, 2016).Hurricane Matthew Public Advisory Number 6(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center.Archivedfrom the original on October 2, 2016.RetrievedSeptember 30,2016.
  14. ^Michael Brennan (September 30, 2016).Hurricane Matthew Public Advisory Number 10(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center.Archivedfrom the original on October 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 2,2016.
  15. ^abc"Edge of Hurricane Matthew whips at Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao".Oranjestad, Aruba: Fredericksburg. Associated Press. September 30, 2016. Archived fromthe originalon October 18, 2016.RetrievedSeptember 30,2016.
  16. ^ab"Orkaan Matthew op Curaçao lijkt storm in glas water"(in Dutch).Nederlandse Omroep Stichting.September 30, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on September 30, 2016.RetrievedSeptember 30,2016.
  17. ^abEliana Mejía Ospino (September 30, 2016)."La Guajira, en alerta roja por huracán Matthew".El Tiempo(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on September 30, 2016.RetrievedSeptember 30,2016.
  18. ^abcdSandra Guerrero Barriga (October 1, 2016)."'Matthew' coge fuerza en su avance frente a la Costa ".El Heraldo(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on October 8, 2016.RetrievedOctober 1,2016.
  19. ^Kimone Francis (September 30, 2016)."Met Service says Jamaica in Hurricane Matthew's cross hairs".Jamaica Observer.Archived fromthe originalon October 1, 2016.RetrievedSeptember 30,2016.
  20. ^abMichael Brennan (September 30, 2016).Hurricane Matthew Public Advisory Number 11(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center.Archivedfrom the original on October 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 2,2016.
  21. ^abcMichael Brennan (October 1, 2016).Hurricane Matthew Public Advisory Number 15(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center.Archivedfrom the original on October 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 2,2016.
  22. ^Mark Cummings (October 2, 2016)."#TrackingMatthew: Trelawny beach closed, shelter managers put on alert".Jamaica Observer.Archived fromthe originalon October 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 2,2016.
  23. ^"Jamaica braces for Matthew's fury".Jamaica Observer.October 2, 2016. Archived fromthe originalon October 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 2,2016.
  24. ^"#TrackingMatthew: JUTC to terminate services at six o'clock".Jamaica Observer.Kingston, Jamaica. October 2, 2016. Archived fromthe originalon October 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 2,2016.
  25. ^"#TrackingMatthew: JPS might shut down power plants if hurricane severe".Jamaica Observer.Kingston, Jamaica. October 2, 2016. Archived fromthe originalon October 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 2,2016.
  26. ^"#TrackingMatthew: JDF deploys troops islandwide".Jamaica Observer.Kingston, Jamaica. October 2, 2016. Archived fromthe originalon October 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 2,2016.
  27. ^ab"First taste of Hurricane Matthew leaves city roads flooded".Jamaica Observer.October 3, 2016. Archived fromthe originalon October 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 3,2016.
  28. ^"#TrackingMatthew: All Gov't offices, tax offices closed".Jamaica Observer.Kingston, Jamaica. October 3, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 4, 2016.RetrievedOctober 3,2016.
  29. ^John Bacon (October 3, 2016)."Hurricane Matthew may hit Haiti, Jamaica with 25 inches of rain".USA Today.Archivedfrom the original on October 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 3,2016.
  30. ^Michael Brennan (October 1, 2016).Hurricane Matthew Public Advisory Number 14(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center.Archivedfrom the original on October 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 2,2016.
  31. ^abcDaniel Brown and Robbie Berg (October 2, 2016).Hurricane Matthew Public Advisory Number 17(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center.Archivedfrom the original on October 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 2,2016.
  32. ^ab"Hurricane Matthew: Evacuations in Haiti as powerful storm looms".BBC. October 2, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 2, 2016.RetrievedOctober 2,2016.
  33. ^Howard Campbell (October 1, 2016)."Hurricane Matthew Soaks Colombia, Heads for Jamaica, Haiti".ABC News.Kingston, Jamaica. Associated Press.Archivedfrom the original on October 1, 2016.RetrievedOctober 2,2016.
  34. ^Richard Pasch (October 2, 2016).Hurricane Matthew Intermediate Public Advisory Number 18A(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center.Archivedfrom the original on October 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 2,2016.
  35. ^Amélie Baron (October 2, 2016)."Haïti démunie face à l'arrivée de l'ouragan Matthew"(in French). Radio France Internationale.Archivedfrom the original on October 2, 2016.RetrievedOctober 2,2016.
  36. ^"Haiti – Matthew: 55,107 persons in camps in Haiti without protection..."Haiti Libre.October 2, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 2,2016.
  37. ^ab"Matthew: Schools closed on Monday and Tuesday – Address to the Nation of Privert".Haiti Libre.October 3, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 3,2016.
  38. ^"Haiti – Flash: Matthew the situation this morning".Haiti Libre.October 3, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 4, 2016.RetrievedOctober 3,2016.
  39. ^"Haiti – Flash: Hurricane Matthew en route to Haiti, first effects tonight".Haiti Libre.October 2, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 4, 2016.RetrievedOctober 3,2016.
  40. ^abc"Huracán Matthew deja 1 muerto en Haití y 8 mil 500 evacuados en República Dominicana"(in Spanish). RCN Radio. Agencia EFE. October 3, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on January 26, 2017.RetrievedOctober 3,2016.
  41. ^abWright, Pam (October 3, 2016)."Hurricane Matthew Kills Two Fishermen in Haiti; They 'Took Risks to Feed Their Families,' Official Says".The Weather Channel.Archivedfrom the original on October 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 3,2016.
  42. ^"Huracán Mathew toca tierra en Cuba tras dejar muertos por su paso por Haití"(in Spanish). CNN. October 4, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 5, 2016.RetrievedOctober 6,2016.
  43. ^"Haiti – FLASH: The elections of October 9 postponed".Haiti Libre.October 5, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on September 22, 2022.RetrievedOctober 6,2016.
  44. ^Daniel Brown and Robbie Berg (October 2, 2016).Hurricane Matthew Intermediate Public Advisory Number 16A(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center.Archivedfrom the original on October 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 2,2016.
  45. ^abcCarlos Sanabia Marrero (October 2, 2016)."Primeros daños y evacuados por huracan Matthew en Santiago de Cuba".Radio Rebelde.Archivedfrom the original on October 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 2,2016.
  46. ^abManuel Juan Somoza (October 2, 2016)."Cuba inicia evacuación por huracán 'Matthew'".Milenio(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on October 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 2,2016.
  47. ^"#TrackingMatthew: Bahamas preparing for passage of Hurricane Matthew".Jamaica Observer.Nassau, Bahamas. October 3, 2016. Archived fromthe originalon October 4, 2016.RetrievedOctober 3,2016.
  48. ^"Gov. Rick Scott Issues State of Emergency For All Counties in Florida Ahead of Hurricane Matthew".NBC6. October 3, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 4, 2016.RetrievedOctober 3,2016.
  49. ^"McCrory declares state of emergency as Matthew approaches US".Winston-Salem Journal.Raleigh, North Carolina. Associated Press. October 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 3,2016.[permanent dead link‍]
  50. ^LaFleur, Elizabeth (October 4, 2016)."1.1 million South Carolinians could be evacuated".Greenville Online.Archivedfrom the original on April 4, 2023.RetrievedOctober 4,2016.
  51. ^Andy Paras (October 5, 2016)."I-26 eastbound lane reversal in effect: what you need to know".WCIV.Archivedfrom the original on October 6, 2016.RetrievedOctober 5,2016.
  52. ^"Cape Lookout National Seashore evacuating ahead of Hurricane Matthew".Carteret County News-Times.October 4, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 7, 2016.RetrievedOctober 4,2016.
  53. ^"Gov. Nathan Deal declares state of emergency ahead of Hurricane Matthew".WTOC. October 4, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 5, 2016.RetrievedOctober 4,2016.
  54. ^Berman, Dave (October 4, 2016)."Port Canaveral closing to ships, business on Wednesday".Florida Today.Archivedfrom the original on October 5, 2016.RetrievedOctober 6,2016.
  55. ^abDean, James (October 4, 2016)."KSC, Cape Canaveral AFS preparing for Hurricane Matthew".Florida Today.Archivedfrom the original on October 8, 2016.RetrievedOctober 6,2016.
  56. ^Berger, Eric (October 4, 2016)."Hurricane Matthew poses a significant threat to Kennedy Space Center".Ars Technica.Archivedfrom the original on October 16, 2016.RetrievedOctober 6,2016.
  57. ^"Hurricane Matthew forces Disney World to close for 4th time ever".USA Today.Archivedfrom the original on October 10, 2016.RetrievedOctober 10,2016.
  58. ^"Hurricane Matthew – Theme Park Closings and Updates – Attractions Magazine".Attractions Magazine.October 6, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 6, 2016.RetrievedOctober 6,2016.
  59. ^Menzer, Joe (October 7, 2016)."Rain washes out XFINITY race, all Friday activities at Charlotte".Fox Sports.Archivedfrom the original on October 8, 2016.RetrievedOctober 8,2016.
  60. ^Jensen, Tom (October 8, 2016)."NASCAR Sprint Cup race at Charlotte postponed until Sunday".Fox Sports.Archivedfrom the original on October 8, 2016.RetrievedOctober 8,2016.
  61. ^Mazzei, Patricia; Clark, Kristen (October 6, 2016)."Obama signs Florida emergency declaration to deal with Hurricane Matthew".The Miami Herald.Archivedfrom the original on October 7, 2016.RetrievedOctober 7,2016.
  62. ^Merle, Renae; Berman, Mark (October 6, 2016)."Hurricane Matthew, now a Category 3 storm, approaches Florida; emergencies declared in three states".The Washington Post.Archivedfrom the original on October 7, 2016.RetrievedOctober 7,2016.
  63. ^"Hurricane Matthew Approaches Florida; Governor Urges 1.5 Million to Flee".The New York Times.October 6, 2016.ISSN0362-4331.Archivedfrom the original on October 6, 2016.RetrievedOctober 6,2016.
  64. ^"Florida governor tells residents to 'evacuate, evacuate, evacuate'".NBC News.Archivedfrom the original on October 6, 2016.RetrievedOctober 6,2016.
  65. ^Berry, Lorraine (October 7, 2016)."I almost refused to evacuate before Hurricane Matthew. Here's why I changed my mind".Vox.Archivedfrom the original on October 10, 2016.RetrievedOctober 10,2016.
  66. ^"Gov. Deal: Savannah, all coastal Georgia east of I-95 under mandatory evacuation".Savannah Morning News.October 6, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 7, 2016.RetrievedOctober 7,2016.
  67. ^Sanchez, Juan (October 6, 2016)."Contraflow begins on I-16 in Georgia to help motorists evacuate".WJCL-TV.Archivedfrom the original on October 7, 2016.RetrievedOctober 7,2016.
  68. ^abJason Samenow (October 6, 2016)."Drudge Report's playing down and politicizing of Hurricane Matthew was 'deplorable'".The Washington Post.Archivedfrom the original on October 7, 2016.RetrievedOctober 6,2016.
  69. ^"Storm Fizzle? Matthew Looks Ragged!".Drudge Report.October 6, 2016. Archived fromthe originalon October 14, 2016.RetrievedOctober 12,2016.
  70. ^abcSam Sanders (October 7, 2016)."Matt Drudge Suggests Government May Be Lying About Hurricane Matthew".NPR.Archivedfrom the original on October 8, 2016.RetrievedOctober 7,2016.
  71. ^Chris D'Angelo (October 7, 2016)."Matt Drudge's Hurricane Theory Takes Conspiracies To A Dangerous Level".The Huffington Post.Archivedfrom the original on October 7, 2016.RetrievedOctober 7,2016.
  72. ^Reena Flores (October 7, 2016)."Matt Drudge suggests government is" lying "about Hurricane Matthew".CBS News.Archivedfrom the original on October 8, 2016.RetrievedOctober 7,2016.
  73. ^abNeil Hartnell (April 3, 2018)."Bahamas Facing 'Hard Choices' On $710m Storm Woe".The Tribune 242.Archivedfrom the original on April 6, 2018.RetrievedApril 10,2018.
  74. ^abConners, Holly (November 22, 2016)."Thanksgiving storm caused $100M in insured damage".CBC News.Archivedfrom the original on November 23, 2016.RetrievedNovember 25,2016.
  75. ^ab"Bridge damaged by Hurricane Matthew collapses in Cuba, killing 4".BNO News.November 23, 2016. Archived fromthe originalon November 24, 2016.RetrievedNovember 23,2016.
  76. ^ab"Hurricane Matthew kills four in Dominican Republic".Agence France-Presse.The Express Tribune. October 5, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 5, 2016.RetrievedOctober 6,2016.
  77. ^ab"Lluvias dejan pérdidas por más de $20 mil millones"(in Spanish). El Nacional. November 24, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on November 25, 2016.RetrievedNovember 26,2016.
  78. ^ab"Haiti: Cholera spreads from Hurricane Mathew, death toll reaches 546".News Ghana.News Ghana.Archivedfrom the original on March 19, 2021.RetrievedOctober 14,2016.
  79. ^abc"Haiti Hurricane Matthew Situation Report #07"(PDF)(Report). ReliefWeb. World Food Programme. October 11, 2016.Archived(PDF)from the original on March 19, 2021.RetrievedOctober 12,2016.
  80. ^abCharles, Jacqueline (July 17, 2017)."After Hurricane Matthew, Many Victims in Haiti Feel Abandoned".Miami Herald.Government Technology State & Local Articles.Archivedfrom the original on July 17, 2017.RetrievedJuly 31,2017.
  81. ^ab"Tropical Storm Matthew Near Hurricane Strength in the Caribbean Sea; Jamaica, Hispañola, Cuba, Bahamas Threats Next Week".The Weather Channel. September 29, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on September 30, 2016.RetrievedSeptember 30,2016.
  82. ^"Update on Water Systems"(Press release). National Water and Sewerage Authority. September 29, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 5, 2016.RetrievedSeptember 30,2016– via Now Grenada.
  83. ^ab"Tempête Matthew en Martinique: 3 blessés et 55.000 personnes sans électricité"(in French). La Chaîne Info. September 30, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on September 30, 2016.RetrievedSeptember 30,2016.
  84. ^"Huracán Matthew se fortalece y aumenta a categoría cuatro".Noticias Caracol(in Spanish). September 30, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 1, 2016.RetrievedSeptember 30,2016.
  85. ^abJuan David Umaña Gallego (October 3, 2016).""Matthew" provocó estragos en la Costa ".El Colombiano(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on October 4, 2016.RetrievedOctober 3,2016.
  86. ^"Fuertes inundaciones se registran en zona bananera, Magdalena".El Universal(in Spanish). Bogotá, Colombia. Colprensa. October 2, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 2,2016.
  87. ^"Lluvias por coletazo del huracán Matthew afectan el plebiscito en Colombia".La Vanguardia(in Spanish). Bogotá, Colombia. Agencia EFE. October 2, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 2,2016.
  88. ^"Caribbean Hurricane Matthew - Fact Sheet #2 | Fact Sheet".U.S. Agency for International Development.October 8, 2016.RetrievedJuly 18,2024.
  89. ^"Jamaica: Hurricane Matthew - DREF Operation Final Report n° MDRJM004 - Jamaica | ReliefWeb".reliefweb.int.March 15, 2017.RetrievedJuly 18,2024.
  90. ^"Haiti – FLASH: Matthew, first evacuations in Haiti".Haiti Libre.October 2, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 2,2016.
  91. ^"At least 11 people dead as Hurricane Matthew makes landfall".Toronto Star.Associates Press. October 4, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 4, 2016.RetrievedOctober 4,2016.
  92. ^McNoldy, Brian; Fritz, Angela; Samenow, Jason (October 4, 2016)."Hurricane warning in Florida after Matthew strikes Haiti as strongest hurricane in 52 years".The Washington Post.Archivedfrom the original on October 5, 2016.RetrievedOctober 6,2016.
  93. ^ab"Hurricane Matthew: Haiti dead reach 800 as south awaits aid".BBC News.October 8, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 8, 2016.RetrievedOctober 8,2016.
  94. ^ab"Hurricane Matthew: New images show scale of Haiti destruction".BBC. October 6, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 6, 2016.RetrievedOctober 6,2016.
  95. ^Bernhard, Mühr; Daniell, James; Wisotzky, Christina; Wandel, Jan; Becker, Florian; Buchholz, Marcel; Baumstark, Sven; Dittrich, André."C EDIM Forensic Disaster Analysis Group (FDA) Hurricane Matthew 1 4 October 2016 – Report No. 2"(PDF).Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology.Archived(PDF)from the original on April 4, 2017.RetrievedOctober 23,2016.
  96. ^"Matthew Kills 1,332 In Haiti, Cholera Spreading In New Outbreak".Archived fromthe originalon October 14, 2016.RetrievedOctober 13,2016.
  97. ^Delva, Joseph; Craft, Diane."Hurricane Matthew death toll in Haiti hits 1,000".Reuters.Archivedfrom the original on October 11, 2016.RetrievedOctober 10,2016.
  98. ^@Reuters (October 7, 2016)."BREAKING: Hurricane Matthew death toll in Haiti rises to 842 – local officials"(Tweet).RetrievedOctober 7,2016– viaTwitter.
  99. ^"Hurricane Matthew: Haiti in national mourning as aid gears up".BBC News.October 9, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 9, 2016.RetrievedOctober 9,2016.
  100. ^Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), United Nations (October 13, 2016)."HAITI, Hurricane Matthew Situation Report Number 9 (13 October 2016)"(PDF).Humanitarian Response Info.United Nations. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on May 10, 2017.RetrievedOctober 14,2016.
  101. ^"Hurricane Matthew damages in Haiti tally nearly $2 bn".Terra Daily. Agence France-Presse. October 29, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on November 2, 2016.RetrievedOctober 31,2016.
  102. ^John Morales [@JohnMoralesNBC6] (October 3, 2016)."Official @onamet automated rain gauge in southwestern Dominican Republic (Cabo Rojo, Pedernales Province) has received 8.43" of rain already "(Tweet).RetrievedOctober 3,2016– viaTwitter.
  103. ^"Raúl Castro cifra los daños del huracán Irma a Cuba en 13.185 millones de dólares"(in Spanish). Agencia EFE. December 22, 2017.RetrievedMay 20,2019.
  104. ^abBrown, Daniel P; Beven, John L; Franklin, James L; Blake, Eric S (May 1, 2010)."Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2008*".Monthly Weather Review.138(5). American Meteorological Society: 1975–2001.Bibcode:2010MWRv..138.1975B.doi:10.1175/2009MWR3174.1.Archivedfrom the original on February 11, 2018.RetrievedDecember 9,2012.Alt URL
  105. ^ab"Hurricane Matthew in Cuba causes over 2.5 bln USD in damage".CubaSi.Xinhua. November 1, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 12, 2019.RetrievedNovember 3,2016.
  106. ^Pielke, Roger A; Rubiera, Jose; Landsea, Christopher; Fernández, Mario L; Klein, Roberta (August 1, 2003)."Hurricane Vulnerability in Latin America and The Caribbean: Normalized Damage and Loss Potentials"(PDF).Natural Hazards Review.4(3): 101–114.doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2003)4:3(101).ISSN1527-6988.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on October 21, 2013.RetrievedNovember 28,2012.
  107. ^Blake, Eric S; Kimberlain, Todd B; Berg, Robert J; Cangialosi, John P; Beven II, John L; National Hurricane Center (February 12, 2013).Hurricane Sandy: October 22 – 29, 2012(PDF)(Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service.Archived(PDF)from the original on May 25, 2024.RetrievedFebruary 17,2013.
  108. ^"Lluvias intensas observadas y grandes inundaciones reportadas"[Heavy rains observed and large reported floods] (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hidráulicos. 2003. Archived fromthe originalon March 12, 2007.RetrievedFebruary 10,2007.
  109. ^abRA IV Hurricane Committee (August 12, 2005).Final Report: Twenty-seventh Session (March 31 to April 5, 2005)(PDF)(Report). World Meteorological Organization.Archived(PDF)from the original on September 27, 2012.RetrievedNovember 27,2012.
  110. ^"Hurricane Wilma exacts losses of 704 million dollars: Cuban government".ReliefWeb. November 28, 2005.RetrievedMay 8,2010.
  111. ^Jerry Iannelli (October 5, 2016)."Hurricane Matthew Destroyed Parts of Baracoa, Cuba, Last Night".Miami News-Times.Archivedfrom the original on October 6, 2016.RetrievedOctober 6,2016.
  112. ^"Baracoa después de Matthew, sin pérdidas humanas".Redhum(in Spanish). ReliefWeb. October 5, 2016.RetrievedOctober 6,2016.[dead link‍]
  113. ^Rashad Rolle (October 7, 2016)."Grand Bahama Suffers Significant Damage As Matthew Roars Through".Tribune 242.Archivedfrom the original on October 8, 2016.RetrievedOctober 7,2016.
  114. ^Neil Hartnell (January 19, 2018)."Bahamas Facing $500m Storm Bill Over Next Decade".The Tribune.Archivedfrom the original on February 14, 2018.RetrievedJanuary 30,2018.
  115. ^"[Florida Event Reports related to Hurricane Matthew]".National Centers for Environmental Information. 2017.Archivedfrom the original on February 27, 2017.RetrievedFebruary 27,2017.
  116. ^Amy Wenk (October 21, 2016)."Hurricane Matthew damages reach $90 million in Georgia".Atlanta Business Journal.Archivedfrom the original on February 28, 2017.RetrievedFebruary 27,2017.
  117. ^abJay Price (February 24, 2017)."Road To Recovery Remains Long For Cities Hardest Hit By Hurricane Matthew".WUNC.Archivedfrom the original on February 27, 2017.RetrievedFebruary 27,2017.
  118. ^"[South Carolina Event Reports related to Hurricane Matthew]".National Centers for Environmental Information. 2017.Archivedfrom the original on February 27, 2017.RetrievedFebruary 27,2017.
  119. ^"[Virginia Event Reports related to Hurricane Matthew]".National Centers for Environmental Information. 2017.Archivedfrom the original on February 27, 2017.RetrievedFebruary 27,2017.
  120. ^"Hurricane Matthew Death Toll Rises, 'Difficult Days' Ahead, N.C. Governor Says".NBC News.Associated Press.Archivedfrom the original on March 19, 2021.RetrievedOctober 15,2016.
  121. ^"McCrory says death toll from Hurricane Matthew rises to 28".The Dispatch.The Associated Press. Archived fromthe originalon November 14, 2016.RetrievedOctober 28,2016.
  122. ^Stradling, Richard (October 15, 2016)."Hurricane Matthew death toll rises again in NC as floodwater recedes".News & Observer.Archivedfrom the original on October 18, 2016.RetrievedOctober 15,2016.
  123. ^abStaff, WAVY News (October 9, 2016)."Man found dead in standing water in Hampton".Archived fromthe originalon August 7, 2017.RetrievedOctober 25,2016.
  124. ^"Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters: Table of Events".National Centers for Environmental Information. 2017.Archivedfrom the original on December 25, 2012.RetrievedFebruary 27,2017.
  125. ^"Hurricane Matthew Recap: Destruction From the Caribbean to the United States".The Weather Company. Hurricane News. October 10, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on November 20, 2016.RetrievedNovember 21,2016.
  126. ^Shapiro, Emily; Winsor, Morgan (October 7, 2016)."Hurricane Matthew Batters Florida Coast; 3 Dead as Over 1 Million Lose Power".ABC News.Archivedfrom the original on October 7, 2016.RetrievedOctober 7,2016.
  127. ^Petkar, Sofia (October 8, 2016)."Hurricane Matthew is the 'most dangerous storm in living memory'".Metro.UK.Archivedfrom the original on October 9, 2016.RetrievedOctober 8,2016.
  128. ^Dean, James (October 7, 2016)."Firefighters douse Indialantic blaze".Florida Today.Archivedfrom the original on October 7, 2016.RetrievedOctober 7,2016.
  129. ^"Hurricane Matthew Avoids Direct Hit on Florida, Continues North".The New York Times.October 7, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 7, 2016.RetrievedOctober 7,2016.
  130. ^"Hurricane Matthew kills 10 in US, floods Carolinas".BBC News.October 8, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 9, 2016.RetrievedOctober 9,2016.
  131. ^"Hurricane Matthew washes away parts of A1A in Flagler County".WFTV. October 7, 2016. Archived fromthe originalon October 8, 2016.RetrievedOctober 8,2016.
  132. ^James Dean (October 12, 2016)."Hurricane Matthew at KSC: Millions in damages".Florida Today.Archivedfrom the original on October 12, 2016.RetrievedOctober 12,2016.
  133. ^Marco Santana (October 11, 2016)."Hurricane Matthew challenged latest prediction tech".Orlando Sentinel.Archivedfrom the original on October 12, 2016.RetrievedOctober 12,2016.
  134. ^Santana, Marco."NASA's GOES-R satellite launch delayed again".OrlandoSentinel.Archivedfrom the original on November 29, 2016.RetrievedJanuary 1,2020.
  135. ^"Pegasus launches hurricane-hunting satellites for NASA".USA TODAY.Archivedfrom the original on September 6, 2017.RetrievedJanuary 29,2018.
  136. ^Smith, Bruce; Bynum, Russ (October 8, 2016)."A weakening Matthew rakes Atlantic coast; US deaths at 10".Associated Press.Archivedfrom the original on October 9, 2016.RetrievedOctober 8,2016.
  137. ^"Weakened Hurricane Matthew Makes Landfall in South Carolina".The New York Times.October 8, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 8, 2016.RetrievedOctober 8,2016.
  138. ^Weaver, Emily (October 19, 2016)."1928 hurricane left its mark in Horry County, but then came Matthew".The Sun News.Archivedfrom the original on October 21, 2016.RetrievedOctober 20,2016.
  139. ^abKing, Heather (October 13, 2016)."Greenville Update: Inspectors preparing to assess damage".WITN.Archivedfrom the original on October 16, 2016.RetrievedOctober 17,2016.
  140. ^Minnick, Beau (October 9, 2016)."As Raleigh recovers from Matthew, power outages could last a week in NC".WNCN.Archivedfrom the original on October 11, 2016.RetrievedOctober 10,2016.
  141. ^deBruyn, Jason."Dam Breached: Sixty Miles Of I-95 Closed In Matthew's Aftermath".WUNC.Archivedfrom the original on October 12, 2016.RetrievedOctober 12,2016.
  142. ^Chason, Rachel (October 17, 2016)."I-95 reopens in NC; flooding keeps power out in some areas".News & Observer.Archivedfrom the original on October 18, 2016.RetrievedOctober 18,2016.
  143. ^Quillin, Martha (October 15, 2016)."Misery now, a struggle ahead for Robeson County after flooding from Hurricane Matthew".News & Observer.Archivedfrom the original on October 18, 2016.RetrievedOctober 16,2016.
  144. ^Harlan, Chico; Fritz, Angela (October 12, 2016)."Flooding death toll climbs to 19 in North Carolina after Hurricane Matthew".Washington Post.Archivedfrom the original on October 12, 2016.RetrievedOctober 12,2016.
  145. ^"Death toll from Hurricane Matthew rises to 28 in NC, Gov. Pat McCrory says".Winston-Salem Journal.Associated Press. October 27, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on May 10, 2017.RetrievedOctober 28,2016.
  146. ^Jackson, Drew; Bennett, Abbie (October 10, 2016)."Record flood waters crest in Johnston County".News & Observer.Archivedfrom the original on November 4, 2016.RetrievedNovember 3,2016.
  147. ^Pulliam, Tim; Hoggard, DeJuan; Hohmann, Chris (October 15, 2016)."Neuse River crests in Kinston, flooding could last days".WTVD.Archivedfrom the original on October 17, 2016.RetrievedOctober 16,2016.
  148. ^"NC Hurricane Matthew damage estimate more than a billion dollars".WYFF. October 16, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 18, 2016.RetrievedOctober 16,2016.
  149. ^"Ashville Park neighborhood under water".WTKR.Archivedfrom the original on October 26, 2020.RetrievedAugust 23,2020.
  150. ^"Matthew's Heavy Rain Floods Parts of Virginia; Multiple Road Closures Reported".The Weather Channel.Archivedfrom the original on October 10, 2016.RetrievedOctober 11,2016.
  151. ^"NHC: Matthew downgraded to post-tropical cyclone".am New York.Archivedfrom the original on October 10, 2016.RetrievedOctober 11,2016.
  152. ^Spector, Jesse (October 10, 2016)."MLB playoffs 2016: Hurricane Matthew drenches D.C.; Dodgers-Nationals Game 2 postponed".Washington, D. C.:The Sporting News.Archivedfrom the original on February 11, 2023.RetrievedMarch 11,2023.
  153. ^ab"Les Maritimes se relèvent difficilement des inondations et pannes d'électricité".ICI Radio-Canada(in French). October 11, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 12, 2016.RetrievedOctober 11,2016.
  154. ^abc"La tempête cause des dégâts pour au moins 1,5 millions de dollars à T.-N.-L".ICI Radio-Canada(in French). October 11, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 12, 2016.RetrievedOctober 11,2016.
  155. ^Meteorological Service of Canada."Newfoudnland-and-Labrador".Station Results – Historical Data.Environment Canada.Archivedfrom the original on October 12, 2016.RetrievedOctober 11,2016.
  156. ^ab"Multiple states of emergency declared as heavy rains batter central Newfoundland".Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.October 11, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 10, 2016.RetrievedOctober 11,2016.
  157. ^"Update on recovery effort in the aftermath of Tropical Storm Matthew".St. Lucia News.October 2, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 3, 2016.RetrievedOctober 2,2016.
  158. ^David B Larter and Mark D. Faram (October 4, 2016)."Carrier George Washington to deploy for Hurricane Matthew relief".Navy Times.Archivedfrom the original on April 4, 2023.RetrievedOctober 4,2016.
  159. ^"Hurricane Matthew: Strongest storm since 2004 nears Florida".BBC News.October 6, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 6, 2016.RetrievedOctober 6,2016.
  160. ^"Hurricane Matthew Kills At Least 136 in Haiti: 'The Situation Is Catastrophic,' Says Haitian President".The Weather Channel.Archivedfrom the original on October 6, 2016.RetrievedOctober 6,2016.
  161. ^Jones, Sam (October 6, 2016)."Hurricane Matthew: at least 136 people killed in Haiti, officials say".The Guardian.ISSN0261-3077.Archivedfrom the original on October 6, 2016.RetrievedOctober 6,2016.
  162. ^Jones, Sam; Woolf, Nicky (October 5, 2016)."Hurricane Matthew makes landfall in Cuba after ripping through Haiti".The Guardian.ISSN0261-3077.Archivedfrom the original on October 5, 2016.RetrievedOctober 6,2016.
  163. ^"Local Red Cross volunteers head south to help with Hurricane Matthew".BINGHAMTONHOMEPAGE.October 7, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 8, 2016.RetrievedOctober 8,2016.
  164. ^"Click here to support Direct Relief - Hurricane Matthew Relief by Direct Relief".CrowdRise.Archivedfrom the original on June 21, 2019.RetrievedJune 21,2019.
  165. ^"WFP to provide food assistance in Cuba in the wake of Hurricane Matthew".Havana, Cuba: ReliefWeb. World Food Programme. October 10, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 11, 2016.RetrievedOctober 11,2016.
  166. ^"Taking climate risk out the home equation".European Investment Bank.Archivedfrom the original on August 14, 2020.RetrievedAugust 24,2020.
  167. ^"EIB and the European Union agree USD 70 million support for climate change resilience and adaption in the Dominican Republic".European Investment Bank.Archivedfrom the original on October 30, 2020.RetrievedAugust 24,2020.
  168. ^"Matthew Batters Southeast; 6 Dead, Over 1.4 Million Lose Power".ABC News.October 8, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on August 1, 2020.RetrievedOctober 8,2016.
  169. ^"Hurricane Matthew Toll Climbs to at Least 15 as North Carolina Suffers Record-Breaking Flooding".The New York Times.October 9, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on October 9, 2016.RetrievedOctober 9,2016.
  170. ^"99 percent of Hurricane Matthew aid requested by NC denied by Trump administration".WNCN. May 10, 2017. Archived fromthe originalon May 10, 2017.RetrievedMay 10,2017.
  171. ^"World Meteorological Organization retires storm names Matthew and Otto".Washington, D.C.:NOAA.March 27, 2017.Archivedfrom the original on March 27, 2017.RetrievedApril 12,2024.
  172. ^National Hurricane Operations Plan(PDF)(Report). Washington, D.C.:NOAAOffice of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. May 2022. p. 3-8.Archived(PDF)from the original on November 23, 2023.RetrievedApril 12,2024.
Wikimedia Commons has media related toHurricane Matthew.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Matthew&oldid=1257304349"