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Nautical Archaeology Society

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TheNautical Archaeology Society[1](NAS) is a charity registered in England and Wales[2]and in Scotland[3]and is acompany limited by guarantee.[4]

Nautical Archaeology Society
AbbreviationNAS
PredecessorCouncil for Nautical Archaeology (CNA)
Formation1972(1972)
TypeNGO
Legal statusCompany limited by guarantee
PurposeNautical Archaeological research, publishing, education & training
HeadquartersUnited Kingdom
Location
  • Fort Cumberland, Fort Cumberland Road, Portsmouth PO4 9LD UK
Region served
United Kingdom
President
Phil Harding
Vice president
David Blackman
Websitenauticalarchaeologysociety.org
Formerly called
Nautical Archaeology Trust (NAT)

The charitable aims and object of the company are to further research inNautical Archaeologyandpublishthe results of such research and to advance education and training in the techniques pertaining to the study of Nautical Archaeology for the benefit of the public.[2]

Nautical archaeology is anarchaeological sub-disciplinemore generally known asmaritime archaeology.It encompasses thearchaeology of shipwrecks,underwater archaeologyin seas and elsewhere and the archaeology of related features.

The society's logo is derived from the image of a merchant sailing ship on a Bichrome Ware Cypro-Archaic pottery jug 750-600BC, thought to be from the Karpas Peninsula in North Cyprus. The ancient vessel is part of the British Museum's collection (GR 1926.6-28.9).[5]An analysis of how the iconography on this pot has been misinterpreted in recent history and how the image has been adapted for the society's logo, can be read in the editorial of the society's publication theInternational Journal of Nautical Archaeology(2000) 29.1: 1–2.[6]

History

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Council for Nautical Archaeology

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The predecessor of the Nautical Archaeology Society was theCouncil for Nautical Archaeology(CNA). This was formed in 1964 initially under the name the Committee for Nautical Archaeology:"so as to ensure that the many discoveries being made by divers should not go by default through lack of contact with the appropriate learned bodies and to act as a channel of communication with the many interests that were growing up in this new field of research and exploration."[7]

The inaugural meeting of the CNA was held inJoan du Plat Taylor's office at the Institute of Nautical Archaeology, at the University of London. The Council includedindividuals from theCouncil for British Archaeology,the [Science Museum], the [Museum of London], theNational Maritime Museum,[Bristol University], and the Institute of Archaeology at London University. TheSociety for Nautical Research,the Society for Post Medieval Archaeology. and theBritish Sub-Aqua Clubwere also represented on the council.[7]

It was the CNA that was responsible for establishing theInternational Journal of Nautical Archaeologyand the Nautical Archaeology Trust in 1972, but it was also concerned with the promotion of legislation for the protection of nautical archaeological sites[7]playing a key part in what became theProtection of Wrecks Act 1973.

In 1984 the CNA was incorporated into the Council for British Archaeology as one of its research sub-committees[8][9]

The Nautical Archaeology Trust

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The predecessor of the Nautical Archaeology Society was a truust originally incorporated and registered as a charity under the name (The)Nautical Archaeological TrustLimited.[2][4]

The Trust was established by the Council for Nautical Archaeology as its limited liability charitable arm. As a corporate body the Trust gained the legal ability to enter into contracts and to hold assets. The Trust's objects were

"the furtherance of research into nautical archaeology and the publication of the results of such research together with the advancement of training and education in the techniques pertaining to the study of nautical archaeology for the benefit of the public"[10]

The Trust organised lectures, conferences and seminars, produced a newsletter and had a mechanism for associate membership for groups, associate individual members and subscribers. Associate membership provided a discounted purchase price for theInternational Journal of Nautical Archaeology.

In 1974, the then chairman of the CNA and of NAT, ProfessorW. F. Grimes,proposed that what was needed was a membership society[11]but this took some years to establish. The CNA and the Trust eventually agreed the form of constitution of such a Society and the inaugural meeting took place in 1981. The intention of the Society was to act as a forum for the interchange of ideas and all of the associates and subscribers of the Trust were transferred to full membership the Society. The specific intention was to further cooperation between amateurs and professionals and its impact spread beyond the UK with a third of the new membership in its first year being from outside the UK.[12]Joan du Plat Taylorwas the first president.

For a few years from 1981, the activities of the charity (the Trust) were separated from the interchange between the members (the Society) although both had identical aims, but the situation was resolved by a special meeting of the Trust held on 3 July 1986 at the Science Museum.[13]At this meeting, the members of the Trust voted to change the name of the Trust to the Nautical Archaeology Society and to change the constitution (the articles of association) to reflect the change to a membership organisation.[4]The reconstituted organisation continued to have responsibility for producing the IJNA and a clause safeguarding the academic standards of the journal was added to the articles. The renamed Trust thus subsumed the role of providing a forum for the interchange of ideas and the memberships of those who had participated in the Society (many of whom were in any case the original associates and subscribers of the Trust) transferred to membership of the incorporated body.

The beginning of NAS training

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With the dual advantages of a participatory membership and its status as a registered charity, in 1986 the newly reconstituted Nautical Archaeology Society ran the first events in what later became its four-part internationally accredited training syllabus.

NAS training and education

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NAS training in the UK

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The society educates and trains professional and avocationalarchaeologistsandcommercialandrecreational divers.[14]The aim of the NAS training syllabus is to develop awareness, respect for and understanding of the maritime cultural heritage and to develop capability in the maritime archaeological sector by training in relevant archaeological and underwater skills as well as to develop knowledge and understanding of the technology of the past.[15]

In the past, NAS Training has been supported byCadwandHistoric Scotlandto provide training opportunities in Wales and Scotland respectively. The development of the NAS training curriculum was supported byEnglish Heritageand its predecessors from 1991 to 2004.

In 2015, the NAS Education Programme underwent a major revision to adapt to the increasing use of online learning and to make the qualification system more flexible. As of 2017, the NAS qualification system in the UK consists of the following:[16]

NAS Foundation in Maritime Archaeology

10 or 15 credits

This qualification is achieved by completing:

  • Two Elearning courses:Intro to Maritime ArchaeologyandUnderwater ArchaeologyorIntertidal Archaeology
  • UnderwaterRecorderandSurveyor Skills Daysor ForeshoreRecorderandSurveyor Skills Days

NAS Certificate in Maritime Archaeology

100 credits in total

This qualification is achieved by completing:

  • NAS Foundation, and
  • 85 or 90 credits fromMaritime Archaeology Courses,EventsorFieldwork

NAS Award in Maritime Archaeology

300 credits in total

This qualification is achieved by completing:

  • NAS Certificate (worth 100 credits),and an additional
  • 200 credits fromMaritime Archaeology Courses,EventsorFieldwork,and
  • A 2,000-word archaeological report

NAS members progress through these qualifications by earning credits which are accrued by participating in courses, events and fieldwork. Attending NAS-run activities accrues 5 credits per day while attending non-NAS or self-directed activities earns 2.5 credits per day.

NAS Training International

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The NAS four-part qualification system[17]is still used by the numerous International Training Partners that use a locally adapted version of the NAS syllabus to share knowledge and practical skills to local divers and non-divers. The list and contact details of current International Training Partners can be foundhere.

NAS Conference

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The annual two-day NAS conference provides a forum for a wide range of presentations on nautical archaeology.[18]At the event the annual Adopt-a-Wreck award is presented.[19]Administration of the Muckelroy award was transferred to the NAS in 2009 and is presented every two years to the best publication.

Publications

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International Journal of Nautical Archaeology

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The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology(IJNA)[20]is published bi-annually (PrintISSN1057-2414,onlineISSN1095-9270) for NAS by Wiley Publishing Ltd.[21]It is a peer-reviewed academic journal but articles by amateur researchers that meet the journal's standards have been published.

IJNAaims to cover all aspects of nautical archaeological research including the seas, ships, cargos,harboursand sailors of the past.

IJNAwas first published in 1972 under the founding editorJoan du Plat Taylor.Since 1980,IJNAhas been edited by Ian Morrison, James Kirkman, Valerie Fenwick and Paula Martin. The current editor, Miranda Richardson, took over in 2012. Angela Croome held the position of reviews editor from the journal's foundation until 2016 when Paula Martin took over.

NAS Monograph Series

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The first in the NAS monograph series is the report of the Sound of Mull Archaeological Project (SOMAP), which ran from 1994 to 2005.[22]

The NAS monograph series was edited by Gerald Grainge until 2016, who was replaced by Julian Whitewright.

NAS Handbook

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TheNAS Handbookprovides an introduction to underwater archaeology. The material in the handbook is consistent with the teaching of the NAS Training programme.[23]

Awards

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Joan du Plat Taylor Award

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Main article:Joan du Plat Taylor

The Joan du Plat Taylor Award is a grant awarded annually by the Nautical Archaeology Society to support publication of nautical archaeological research. The grant was originally funded personally byJoan du Plat Taylor,the founder editor ofIJNAand the first president of the Nautical Archaeology Society.

Adopt-a-Wreck

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The Adopt-a-wreck scheme,[19]run by the Nautical Archaeology Society was set up as a joint initiative with theMaritime and Coastguard Agency[24]to encourage groups and individuals to take a close interest in a maritime site, and adopt a minimum level of stewardship, monitoring how the site changes over time. As well asshipwrecks,adopted sites can includeharbourworks and buildings withnauticalconnections,coastalhabitations,hulksand other sea wrack of archaeological interest. The society maintains a register of all such adopted sites and since 2003 has provided an annual award to the person or group that has made the most significant contribution to maritime archaeology and research through the adoption process. A pilot for the Adopt-a-Wreck scheme was run on the East IndiamanHalsewell[25]

Past winners of the Adopt-a-Wreck award have included:

  • 2003. The Joint Services Dive Club and theGibraltarMuseum's Underwater Research Unit for their work on the "Inner and Outer" wreck sites at Gibraltar Harbour.[26]
  • 2004. The Queen's UniversityBelfastSub-Aqua Club (QUBSAC) for their investigation of the Alastor, a steel-hulled luxury motor yacht that sank in 1948[27]
  • 2005. TheWeymouthLUNAR Society for their work on theEarl of Abergavennyshipwreck[28]
  • 2007. Paul Barnett for work on the hulks atPurtonon theRiver Severn[29][30]
  • 2008. Ed Cumming and Todd Stevens for the project on the Nancy packet, the Rosevear Ledge wrecksite, published as a book.[31]
  • 2009. Alison Mayor and the Southsea Sub Aqua Club for Tanks & Bulldozers "Sleeping Centaurs" site off the south coast of England[32]
  • 2010. Southsea Sub Aqua Club for the Landing Craft LTC (A) 2428.[32]
  • 2011. Weymouth Lunar Society for the "Lost torpedoes of Weymouth and Portland".[33]

Keith Muckelroy Award

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This award is made in memory ofKeith Muckelroyand until 2008 was awarded as part of the British Archaeological Awards. In 2008 the administration of the award was transferred to the Nautical Archaeological Society, and the award has been presented bi-annually at the NAS conference since 2009. It is awarded for the best published work covering maritime, nautical or underwater archaeology which best reflects the pioneering ideas and scholarly standards of Keith Muckelroy.

Projects

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The Gresham Ship

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In 2004 the Nautical Archaeological Society took custody of the remains of an Elizabethan wreck discovered in the Princes Channel of theThamesEstuary during dredging operations by thePort of London Authority.[34]The remains represented a navigation hazard, and as they had been disturbed and damaged by the dredging operations, preservation in situ was not an option. The remains were investigated by Wessex Archaeology[35]anddendrochronologyby Nigel Nayling of the University of Wales gave a construction date of soon after 1754, probably inEast Anglia.The remains were transferred toHorsea Island,an estuarine lake nearPortsmouth,where the brackish water should enable the timbers to stabilise while they are accessible to students for study and training purposes. The remains of the ship are being studied as part of a five-year project also involving the Port of London Authority, theMuseum at Docklands,theInstitute of Archaeology at University College London,Gresham Collegeand theUniversity of Southern Denmark.The ship has been termed the "Gresham Ship"because one of the guns recovered had the initials and emblem of Sir Thomas Gresham.[36][37][38][39]

Wreckmap Projects

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The Nautical Archaeology Society manages or participates in research projects with the aims of firstly furthering research and secondly enabling novice professionals and avocational archaeologists to have opportunities to get involved in archaeological research[40]and hence develop individual experience and promote best practice in investigative techniques. Wreckmap projects focus on surveying and recording sites in a specific area. Projects have included the 'Sound ofMullArchaeological Project' (SOMAP), which ran from 1994 to 2005[22]and the "SubMAP" project, which investigated the wreck ofResurgam.[41]Wreckmap projects have also been conducted inPortland,Dorset and Teesbay (nearHartlepool).

Wreckmap Britain 2005[42]encouraged recreational divers to submit a recording form for a favouritediveanywhere inBritain.Wreckmap Britain 2006[43]was launched at the London International Dive Show (LIDS) on 1 April 2006 and has distributed 100,000 recording forms to recreational divers. The results will be added to the Shipwreck Index.[44]WreckMap Britain is conducted in partnership with theMarine Conservation Society(SeaSearch) and sponsored byCrown Estate,theBSACJubilee Trust andPADIthrough theProject AWAREFoundation.

Forton Lake

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Forton Lake is a community based project to record the hulks of vessels abandoned at Forton Lake,Gosport.The field work and community training for the project was supported by theHeritage Lottery Fundfrom 2006 to 2007 and the final year of fieldwork in 2008 and publication is being supported byCrown Estate.The project is carried out jointly with theHampshire and Wight Trust for Maritime Archaeology.[45]

Diving into history

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The Diving into History Project, supported by theHeritage Lottery Fund,ran from 2006 to 2008 and included outreach activities to the public and support for Adopt-a-Wreck groups. In addition community based projects were carried out, including an industrial and oral history project involving underwater survey of Stoney Cove and archive and oral history research.[46][47]

Dig, Dive and Discover

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In 2006 a group of sea cadets were given the opportunity to become maritime archaeologists, learning to scuba dive, to research archives and to design web sites. The project was supported by theHeritage Lottery Fund'Young roots' programme and was carried out in conjunction with Hartlepool library and Hartlepool Diving Club. An excavation of a wreck was carried out at Middleton Sands on Teesbay and the cadets built their own website documenting their experiences.[48]

Archives

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North East England Maritime Archaeology Research Archive

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TheNorth East England Maritime Archaeology Research Archive(NEEMARA) was established in 2006 thanks to grant funding fromEnglish Heritageand from local councils. The archive contains reference material on ships, shipbuilding and archaeological reports and is housed at the offices ofHartlepoolBorough Council.[49]

NAS Project and NAS Part Two Reports

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Projects directly run by NAS (including Wreckmap projects) have project reports that are submitted to the appropriateHeritage Environment Record(HER). As part of NAS training, students submit a project report for part two of the NAS Certificate in Underwater and Foreshore Archaeology. Where appropriate reports are submitted to the appropriate local HER. NAS project reports and NAS Part two reports are also available to view at NAS offices in Portsmouth.[1]

The Big Anchor Project

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The Big Anchor Project is an international project which is attempting to collect data on anchors to provide a research resource for the identification of anchors. Following a pilot exercise by the South West Maritime History Society and Dorset County Council, a web site enables anyone to upload pghotographs and information about anchors.[50][51]

Hartlepool Built

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The Hartlepool Built project is a project to gather data on ships built in Hartlepool and on the people who sailed them. Designed as a web-based oral history type project, the project captures, and publishes on the web information on ships built in Hartlepool over the last 170 years, with photographs and other information from relatives of those whose lives were affected.[52][53]

References

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  1. ^ab"Gambling Blogger - All about sport and casino gambling".Gambling Blogger.Retrieved28 January2021.
  2. ^abcCharity CommissionArchived2 April 2010 at theWayback MachineThe Nautical Archaeology Society is registered charity number 264209
  3. ^Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator register entry for NAS
  4. ^abcCompanies houseThe Nautical Archaeology Society is registered at Companies House in England no. 1039270
  5. ^"jug".British Museum.Retrieved2 April2020.
  6. ^Fenwick, Valerie (2000)."Editorial".International Journal of Nautical Archaeology.29(1): 1–2.doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.2000.tb01379.x.ISSN1095-9270.S2CID233247149.
  7. ^abc"The Council for Nautical Archaeology".International Journal of Nautical Archaeology.5(2). Academic Press, London: inside front cover. May 1976. 0305-7445.
  8. ^"The Council for Nautical Archaeology".International Journal of Nautical Archaeology.15(3). Academic Press, London: inside front cover. August 1986.doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.1986.tb00574.x.0305-7445.
  9. ^"A brief history of the CBA".Council for British Archaeology website.Council for British Archaeology.Retrieved8 February2007.
  10. ^"The Nautical Archaeology Trust".International Journal of Nautical Archaeology.5(2). Academic Press, London: inside front cover. May 1976. 0305-7445.
  11. ^Flinder, Alex; Margaret Rule (November 1981). "The Nautical Archaeology Society".International Journal of Nautical Archaeology.10(4). London: Academic Press: 273.doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.1981.tb00040.x.0305-7445.
  12. ^Morrison, Ian (November 1981). "Editorial".International Journal of Nautical Archaeology.10(4). Academic Press, London: 271–2.doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.1981.tb00039.x.0305-7445.
  13. ^Fenwick, Valerie (August 1986). "Editorial".International Journal of Nautical Archaeology.15(3). London: Academic Press: 177.doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.1986.tb00572.x.0305-7445.
  14. ^English Heritage Protected wrecks website– recommendation to use NAS training.
  15. ^Marc-Andre Bernier, Underwater Archaeology Service, Parks Canada,"To Dig or not to Dig"Archived18 June 2006 at theWayback MachineinUnderwater Cultural Heritage at Risk: Managing Natural and Human Impacts,ICOMOS, 2006.
  16. ^"NAS UK Qualifications".Nautical Archaeology Society.Retrieved20 March2020.
  17. ^"International System".Nautical Archaeology Society.Retrieved20 March2020.
  18. ^"Annual Conference".Nautical Archaeology Society.Retrieved20 March2020.
  19. ^ab"Adopt a Wreck".Nautical Archaeology Society.Retrieved20 March2020.
  20. ^"International Journal of Nautical Archaeology".Nautical Archaeology Society.Retrieved20 March2020.
  21. ^"Homepage | Wiley".wiley.Retrieved28 January2021.
  22. ^abThe Sound of Mull Archaeological Project (SOMAP) 1994–2005,Philip Robertson, with contributions by Jane Maddocks and Steve Webster. BAR British Series 453, 2007, NAS Monograph Series 1, Oxford, England: Archeopress Ltd.ISBN978-1-4073-0177-8.
  23. ^Amanda Bowens (ed.),Underwater Archaeology: The NAS Guide to Principles and Practice,2nd Edition 2009, Wiley-Blackwell.ISBN978-1-4051-7591-3.
  24. ^Final Report on the Wreck Amnesty,Maritime and Coastguard Agency 2001, p. 27.
  25. ^Receiver of Wreck Annual Report for 2002,Maritime and Coastguard Agency, p. 13.
  26. ^"The 'Inner' and 'Outer' wrecksites Gibraltar".
  27. ^"Shipwreck M.Y. Alastor".Archived fromthe originalon 7 February 2006.Retrieved23 February2006.
  28. ^Shipwreck Earl of Abergavenny.Archived23 April 2005 at theWayback Machine
  29. ^"Purton Hulks have their bones picked by looters",Timesonline, 22 March 2008.
  30. ^"Bid to save old boats graveyard",BBC News, 27 March 2008.
  31. ^Todd Stevens and Ed Cumming,The Rosevear Ledge Wrecksite.
  32. ^ab"Diving Project - Wreck investigation".Southsea Sub-Aqua Club.Retrieved12 October2012.
  33. ^Cumming, Ed."Weymouth's Errant Torpedoes".The Weymouth 'LUNAR' Society. Archived fromthe originalon 3 December 2013.Retrieved12 October2012.
  34. ^Antony Firth, Wessex Archaeology,"Old Shipwrecks and New Dredging: An Elizabethan Ship in the Thames"Archived18 June 2006 at theWayback MachineinUnderwater Cultural Heritage at Risk: Managing Natural and Human Impacts,ICOMOS, 2006.
  35. ^"Wreck in the Thames Princes Channel | Our Work | Wessex Archaeology".wessexarch.co.uk.Retrieved28 January2021.
  36. ^"Gresham College".gresham.ac.uk.Retrieved28 January2021.
  37. ^"2009 A Thames odyssey - Home".thamesodyssey.org.Retrieved28 January2021.
  38. ^pla.co.uk, Port of London-."The Gresham Ship".POLA2012.Retrieved28 January2021.
  39. ^"Gresham Ship".Maritime Archaeology Programme.Retrieved28 January2021.
  40. ^3H Consulting website, the home of Site Recorder:Examples of surveyed sites, guidance on 3D survey and free Site Reader tool
  41. ^Resurgam ArchiveArchived5 December 2009 at theWayback Machine
  42. ^"National Archaeology Week: WreckMap Britain 2005 Launched | Culture24".culture24.org.uk.Retrieved28 January2021.
  43. ^"Dorset Coast Forum report on Wreckmap Britain 2006".Archived fromthe originalon 2 November 2006.Retrieved23 September2006.
  44. ^Shipwrecks UK,with context, thematic and detailed information on more than 45,000 shipwrecks in the seas surrounding Britain and Ireland, building on the Lloyds Register Shipwreck Index volumes.
  45. ^"Forton Lake Project".Archived fromthe originalon 19 July 2011.Retrieved14 October2009.
  46. ^"Leicestershire Live - Latest local news, sport & business from Leicester".leicestermercury.co.uk.Retrieved28 January2021.
  47. ^"University of Leicester - Oral Archive Activities".le.ac.uk.Retrieved28 January2021.
  48. ^Dig, Dive and Discover.[permanent dead link‍]
  49. ^Bennison, Lorraine."Police and Crime Commissioner Election 2020".hartlepool.gov.uk.Retrieved28 January2021.
  50. ^"SW Maritime History Society pilot for Big Anchor".Archived fromthe originalon 5 June 2011.Retrieved14 October2009.
  51. ^"Big Anchor Project".biganchorproject.Retrieved28 January2021.
  52. ^Hartlepool Built websiteArchived6 October 2009 at theWayback Machine
  53. ^Hartlepool Mailstory about Hartlepool Built.
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