Ian John DearyOBE,[1]FBA,FRSE,FMedSci(born 1954) is a Scottishpsychologist(also dual trained as a medical doctor and psychiatrist) known for work in the fields ofintelligence,cognitiveageing,cognitive epidemiology,and personality.
Ian J. Deary | |
|---|---|
 Deary in 2019 | |
| Born | 17 May 1954 |
| Nationality | Scottish |
| Alma mater | The University of Edinburgh |
| Known for | Research onintelligence,personality,ageing,andcognitive epidemiology |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Psychology,Medicine,Epidemiology,Genetics,Behavior Genetics,Neuroscience |
| Institutions | The University of Edinburgh |
| Doctoral advisor | Chris Brand |
Deary is Professor of Differential Psychology atThe University of Edinburgh.He is former Director of theCentre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiologyand co-Director of the Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre.
Research
editIan Deary has contributed to numerous topics inintelligence research.For instance, he has conducted several studies into the relationship betweenintelligenceand elementary cognitive tasks such asreaction time[2]andinspection time,[3]and has investigated the overlap between intelligence and educational achievement.[4]
In 1983 he obtained a PhD at the University of Edinburgh with the thesis "Social work and the elderly: a problem of definition"[5]written for theStuart MacgregorMemorial Prize.
Deary was a founder of the field ofcognitive epidemiology,[6]which studies the relationship of intelligence to health outcomes. He described and discussed cognitive epidemiology in a 2010 article for the journalPsychological Science in the Public Interest.[7]
A 2010 review inNature Reviews Neuroscience,co-authored by Deary, described research on theneuroscience of intelligence differences.[8] In 2012, the journalAnnual Review of Psychologypublished an overview of the field of intelligence research, authored by Deary.[9]
Lothian Birth Cohort studies
editDeary was one of the co-founders of theLothian Birth Cohort studiesof 1921 and 1936.[10]These studies collect data from older Scottish individuals who, aged 11, had their intelligence tested as part of the Scottish Mental Surveys of 1932 and 1947. From the year 2000 onward, Deary and colleagues contacted surviving members of these surveys living in theEdinburghandLothiansareas and invited them to retake the same intelligence test, along with further batteries of cognitive tests.[11]Members of the cohorts born in 1921 were followed up at age of 79, and those born in 1936 at age 70. Interview and biomedical data were also collected from the cohort members to allow wide-ranging investigation of the causes and consequences of differences in cognition across the lifespan.
Using data from the Lothian Birth Cohort studies, Deary and colleagues have investigated the effects of ageing on cognition. For instance, studies have shown that intelligence between age 11 and age 79 is highlystable(correlationof aroundr=.66[12]), and that childhood and old age intelligence have agenetic correlationof.62.[13]A number of papers from the Lothian Birth Cohort studies, co-authored by Deary, have reported that higher childhood intelligence scores negatively predict earliermortality;that is, more intelligent people live longer.[14]
Data from the Lothian Birth Cohort studies continue to be used for studies of the relationship of intelligence to a wide variety of health, educational andsocioeconomicoutcomes. In addition,geneticandbrain imagingdata from members of the Cohorts allow investigation of the biological causes of differences in intelligence and cognitive ageing.
Awards and recognition
editIan Deary is a fellow of theRoyal College of Physicians of Edinburgh,theRoyal Society of Edinburgh,theBritish Academy,theAcademy of Medical Sciences,theRoyal College of Psychiatrists,and theAssociation for Psychological Science.[6][15]He is a past president of theInternational Society for the Study of Individual Differences,[16]and has held aRoyal Society-Wolfson Research Merit Award(2003–2007) for research into cognitive ageing. In 2003 he received the first of the Chancellor's Awards at the University of Edinburgh, and in 2010 was named as a Distinguished European Personality Psychologist by the European Association of Personality Psychology. In 2014, Deary received the Lifetime Achievement Award from theInternational Society for Intelligence Research,[17]and received theJames McKeen Cattell Fellow Awardfrom theAssociation for Psychological Sciencein 2015.[6]In the2019 New Year Honours,Deary was awarded anOBEfor services to the Social Sciences.[18]
Books
edit- Deary, I. J. (2000).LookingDown on Human Intelligence: From Psychometrics to the Brain.Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- Deary, I. J. (2001).Intelligence: A Very Short Introduction.Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- Matthews, G., Deary, I. J., & Whiteman, M. C. (2009).Personality Traits(3rd Edition). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Deary, I. J., Whalley, L. J., & Starr, J. M. (2009).A Lifetime of Intelligence.Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
References
edit- ^"Edinburgh recipients of 2018 honours".28 December 2018.
- ^Deary, Ian J.; Der, Geoff (2005). "Reaction Time Explains IQ's Association With Death".Psychological Science.16(1): 64–69.doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00781.x.ISSN0956-7976.PMID15660853.S2CID14499919.
- ^Deary, Ian J.; Stough, Con (1996). "Intelligence and inspection time: Achievements, prospects, and problems".American Psychologist.51(6): 599–608.doi:10.1037/0003-066X.51.6.599.ISSN0003-066X.
- ^Deary, Ian J.; Strand, Steve; Smith, Pauline; Fernandes, Cres (2007). "Intelligence and educational achievement".Intelligence.35(1): 13–21.doi:10.1016/j.intell.2006.02.001.ISSN0160-2896.
- ^Deary, Ian J. (1983)."Social work and the elderly: a problem of definition".Edinburgh Research Archive(Essay).
- ^abc"Deary Earns Award for Pioneering Cognitive Epidemiology Work".psychologicalscience.org.28(1). Association for Psychological Science. 31 December 2014.Retrieved17 October2015.
- ^Deary, I. J.; Weiss, A.; Batty, G. D. (2011)."Intelligence and Personality as Predictors of Illness and Death: How Researchers in Differential Psychology and Chronic Disease Epidemiology Are Collaborating to Understand and Address Health Inequalities"(PDF).Psychological Science in the Public Interest.11(2): 53–79.doi:10.1177/1529100610387081.ISSN1529-1006.PMID26168413.S2CID13106622.Retrieved8 September2015.
- ^Deary, Ian J.; Penke, Lars; Johnson, Wendy (2010)."The neuroscience of human intelligence differences"(PDF).Nature Reviews Neuroscience.11(3): 201–11.doi:10.1038/nrn2793.hdl:20.500.11820/9b11fac3-47d0-424c-9d1c-fe6f9ff2ecac.ISSN1471-003X.PMID20145623.S2CID5136934.Retrieved8 September2015.
- ^Deary, Ian J. (2012). "Intelligence".Annual Review of Psychology.63(1): 453–482.doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100353.ISSN0066-4308.PMID21943169.
- ^"Lothian Birth Cohorts".The University of Edinburgh.Retrieved31 October2021.
- ^Deary, I. J.; Gow, A. J.; Pattie, A.; Starr, J. M. (2011)."Cohort Profile: The Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921 and 1936"(PDF).International Journal of Epidemiology.41(6): 1576–1584.doi:10.1093/ije/dyr197.ISSN0300-5771.PMID22253310.
- ^Gow, Alan J.; Johnson, Wendy; Pattie, Alison; Brett, Caroline E.; Roberts, Beverly; Starr, John M.; Deary, Ian J. (2011)."Stability and change in intelligence from age 11 to ages 70, 79, and 87: The Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921 and 1936".Psychology and Aging.26(1): 232–240.doi:10.1037/a0021072.hdl:20.500.11820/cb428643-c38c-4ca2-bb93-0ccc30c1fa3d.ISSN1939-1498.PMID20973608.S2CID5908050.
- ^Deary, Ian J.; et al. (2012)."Genetic contributions to stability and change in intelligence from childhood to old age"(PDF).Nature.482(7384): 212–5.Bibcode:2012Natur.482..212D.doi:10.1038/nature10781.hdl:20.500.11820/4d760b66-7022-43c8-8688-4dc62f6d7659.ISSN0028-0836.PMID22258510.S2CID4427683.
- ^Gottfredson, Linda S.; Deary, Ian J. (2004). "Intelligence Predicts Health and Longevity, but Why?".Current Directions in Psychological Science.13(1): 1–4.doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.01301001.x.ISSN0963-7214.S2CID15176389.
- ^"Ian J. Deary: curriculum vitae"(PDF).ppls.ed.ac.uk.The University of Edinburgh.Retrieved17 October2015.
- ^"ISSID the International Society".Archived fromthe originalon 1 July 2014.Retrieved11 August2014.
- ^"2014 Lifetime Achievement Award: Ian Deary".isironline.org.International Society for Intelligence Research. 14 December 2014.Retrieved17 October2015.
- ^"Knights Bachelor"(PDF).Assets.publishing.service.gov.uk.Retrieved31 October2021.