Wikipedia

InfoWars

For the film, seeInfo Wars(film).

InfoWarsis anAmerican far-right[2]conspiracy theory[3]andfake news website[1]created byAlex Jones.[36][37]It was founded in 1999, and operated under Free Speech Systems LLC.

InfoWars
Type of site
Available inEnglish
OwnerFree Speech Systems, LLC
URLinfowars
RegistrationNone
LaunchedMarch 6, 1999;25 years ago(1999-03-06)[4]
Current statusActive

Talk shows and other content for the site were created primarily in studios at an undisclosed location in an industrial area in the outskirts ofAustin, Texas.[38]Reports in 2017 stated that theInfoWarswebsite received approximately 10 million monthly visits, making its reach greater than somemainstream newswebsites such asThe EconomistandNewsweekat the time.[39][40]The site regularly publishedfake storieslinked to harassment of victims.[47]In February 2018, Jones, the publisher, director and owner ofInfoWars,was accused of discrimination and sexual harassment of employees.[48]InfoWars,and in particular Jones, advocated numerous conspiracy theories, particularly around purported domesticfalse flagoperations by theU.S. government(which they allege include the9/11 attackandSandy Hook shooting).InfoWarsissued retractions various times as a result of legal challenges.[43][44]Jones has had contentious material removed, and has also been suspended and banned from many platforms for violating theirterms of service,includingFacebook,[49]Twitter,[50]YouTube,[51]iTunes,[52]andRoku.[53]

InfoWarsearned most of its revenue from direct sales of products pitched by Jones, which initially consisted of videos and later includedsurvivalistproducts and branded merchandise, but shifted primarily todietary supplementsby the late 2010s.[54][55][56]Jones also staged direct-donationtelethonscalled "money bombs" althoughInfoWarswas not anonprofit organization.[57]

On July 30, 2022, amidst a $150 million lawsuit brought against Jones andInfoWarsby Sandy Hook families, Free Speech Systems filed forChapter 11 bankruptcy protection.[58]On September 24, 2024, a Houston bankruptcy judge ordered theliquidationofInfoWarsand Free Speech Systems at two auctions to be held later that year.[59][60]On November 14, it was announced that Global Tetrahedron—publishers of thenews satirepublicationThe Onion—had acquired the assets ofInfoWars,with plans to temporarily shut it down and relaunch it in 2025 as asatirical news website;however, the original website was restored by Jones the next day after his lawyers alleged irregularities in the auction, and the bankruptcy judge put the sale on hold.

History

Alex JoneswithPaul Joseph Watsonin 2013

InfoWarswas created in 1999 by Americanconspiracy theoristAlex Jones.[61][62]Founded by Jones with his then-wife Kelly, it was originally a mail-order outlet for the conspiracy-oriented videos produced by the Joneses.[63]InfoWarsfeaturesThe Alex Jones Showon their broadcasts and was established as a public-access television program aired inAustin, Texasin 1999.[61]

During the2016 presidential election,the website was promoted by bots connected to theRussian government.[64]A 2017 study by theBerkman Klein Center for Internet & SocietyatHarvard Universityfound thatInfoWarswas the 13th most shared source by supporters ofDonald Trumpon Twitter during the election.[65][66]

In 2016,Paul Joseph Watsonwas hired aseditor-at-large.[67][68]In February 2017, political commentatorJerome Corsiwas hired as Washington bureau chief,[69]afterInfoWarswas granted aWhite Houseday pass.[70]In June 2018, Corsi's connection toInfoWarsended; he received six months of severance payments.[71]

In May 2017,Mike Cernovichjoined theInfoWarsteam as a scheduled guest host forThe Alex Jones Show,[72]withCNNreporting the "elevation toInfoWarshost represents the meteoric rise in his profile ".[73]On July 6, 2017, alongside Paul Joseph Watson, Jones began hosting a contest to create the best "CNN Meme", for which the winner would receive $20,000. They were responding toCNNreporting ona Reddit userwho had created a pro-Trump, anti-CNN meme.[74][75]

In June 2017, it was announced thatRoger Stone,a former campaign advisor for Donald Trump, would be hosting his ownInfoWarsshow "five nights a week", with an extra studio being built to accommodate his show.[37]

In March 2018, a number of major brands in the U.S. suspended their ads fromInfoWars's YouTube channels, after CNN notified them that their ads were running adjacent toInfoWarscontent.[76]

In July 2018,YouTuberemoved four ofInfoWars's uploaded videos that violated its policy againsthate speechand suspended posts for 90 days. Facebook also banned Jones after it determined four videos on his pages violated its community standards in July 2018.[51][49]In August 2018, YouTube, Apple and Facebook removed content from Jones andInfoWars,citing their policies against hate speech and harassment.[52]

In an October 2018Simmons Researchsurvey of 38 news organizations,InfoWarswas ranked the second least trusted news organization by Americans, withThe Daily Callerbeing lower-ranked.[77]

On March 12, 2020,Attorney General of New YorkLetitia Jamesissued acease and desistletter to Jones concerningInfoWars's sale of unapproved products that the website falsely asserted to be government-approved treatments forcoronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).[78]On April 9, the FDA orderedInfoWarsto discontinue the sale of a number of products marketed as remedies for COVID-19 in violation of theFederal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act,including toothpaste, liquids, and gels containingcolloidal silver.[79][80]

Claims of sexual harassment and antisemitism

In 2017,Haaretzreported thatInfoWarshad accused Israel of involvement in the 9/11 attacks, accused theRothschildsof promoting "endless war, debt slavery and a Luciferian agenda", and claimed that U.S. healthcare was under the control of a "Jewish mafia".[81]

In February 2018, Jones was accused by two former employees ofantisemitism,anti-black racism andsexual harassmentof both male and female staff members. He denied the allegations.[82][83][84]

Two former employees filed complaints against Jones with theEqual Employment Opportunity Commission.[85]

Removals from other websites

On July 27, 2018,Facebooksuspended Alex Jones's official page for thirty days, claiming Jones had participated inhate speechagainstRobert Mueller.[86]This was swiftly followed by action from other bodies—on August 6, Facebook,Apple,YouTubeandSpotifyall removed content by Alex Jones andInfoWarsfrom their platforms for violating their policies. YouTube removed channels associated withInfowars,including The Alex Jones Channel, which had gained 2.4 million subscriptions prior to its removal.[87]On Facebook, four pages associated withInfoWarsand Alex Jones were removed due to repeated violations of the website's policies. Apple removed all podcasts associated with Jones from itsiTunesplatform and its podcast app.[52]On August 13,Vimeoremoved all Jones's videos because they "violated our terms of service prohibitions on discriminatory and hateful content".[88]By February 2019, a total of 89 pages associated withInfoWarsor Alex Jones had been removed from Facebook due to its recidivism policy, which is designed to prevent circumventing a ban.[89]In May 2019, President Donald Trump tweeted or retweeted defenses of people associated withInfoWars,including editorPaul Joseph Watsonand host Alex Jones, after the Facebook ban.[90]

Jones's accounts have also been removed fromPinterest,[91]Mailchimp,[92]LinkedIn,[93]andInstagram.[94]TheWikipedia communitydeprecatedand blacklistedInfoWarsas asourcebysnowball clauseconsensus in 2018, determining thatInfoWarsis a "conspiracy theorist andfake news website".[95]

Beginning in September 2018, Jones andInfoWarswere both suspended fromTwitterandPeriscope,a Twitter subsidiary. This followed Jones tweeting a Periscope video calling on others "to get their battle rifles ready against antifa, the mainstream media, and Chicom operatives".[96]In the video he also stated, "Now is time to act on the enemy before they do a false flag." Twitter cited this as the reason to suspend his account for a week on August 14.[97]On September 6, Twitter permanently bannedInfoWarsand temporarily banned Alex Jones for repeated violations of the site's terms and conditions. Twitter cited abusive behavior, namely a video that "shows Jones shouting at and berating CNN journalist Oliver Darcy for some 10 minutes during congressional hearings about social media."[50]Jones's ban from the platform was overturned byElon Muskin December 2023, after the latter'sacquisition of the site and subsequent rebranding as X.[98]

On September 7, 2018, theInfoWarsapp was removed from theApple App Store.[99]On September 20, 2018,PayPalinformedInfoWarsthey would cease processing payments in ten days because "promotion of hate and discrimination runs counter to our core value of inclusion."[100]On May 2, 2019, Facebook and Instagram banned Jones andInfoWarsas part of a larger ban of far-right extremists. The ban covered videos, audio clips, and articles fromInfoWars,but excluded criticism ofInfoWars.Facebook indicated it would take downgroupsthat violated the ban.[101]TheInfoWarsapp was pulled fromGoogle Playon March 27, 2020, for violating its policies on spreading "misleading or harmful disinformation", after Jones opposed efforts to contain COVID-19 and said "natural antivirals" could treat the disease.[102]

In March 2023, theSouthern Poverty Law Centerreported on Jones' leaked texts from his Sandy Hook defamation trial. The texts revealed that Jones and his collaborators had been trying to evade social media bans ofInfoWarscontent by setting up alternate websites such asNational Fileto disguise its origin.[103][104]

Bankruptcy and proposed acquisition

In April 2022, it became known the company behindInfoWarshad filed forChapter 11bankruptcy protection, as had Infowars Health (or IWHealth), against further civil litigation lawsuits.[105]The court filings estimated InfoWars assets at between $0–$50,000, but its liabilities (including from the damages awarded against Jones in defamation suits) was estimated as being between $1 million to $10 million.[106]

On June 23, 2024, Jones' court-appointed bankruptcy trustee Christopher Murray filed an "emergency" motion in a Houston court indicating his intention to shut downInfoWars.[107][108]According to the motion, Murray made plans to "conduct an orderly wind-down" of the operations of Free Speech Systems,InfoWars’parent company, and also "liquidate its inventory", but he did not announce a timetable; on his radio show, Jones had said that he expectsInfoWarsto operate for a few more months, or to be sold to another party that may retain him as an employee.[107]Murray also asked the bankruptcy court to put a hold on the Sandy Hook families' attempts to collect their settlements from Jones, saying that their efforts would interfere with the liquidation; much of its proceeds would ultimately go to the families, Murray said.[107]On September 24, bankruptcy judge Christopher Lopez approved the liquidation ofInfoWars'and Free Speech Systems' assets. Auctions would be held on November 13 and December 10; no limits were to be imposed on who may bid for the company'sintellectual propertyand other assets.[59][60][109]

Logo ofInfoWarsafter its acquisition by Global Tetrahedron.
Website as it appeared on November 14, 2024, reading "Site unavailable till further notice."

On November 14, Global Tetrahedron—publisher of thesatiricalnewspaperThe Onion—announced that it had boughtInfoWars'intellectual property assets in the auction, with the site afterwards shut down, to be relaunched in January 2025 as a satire written byOnionstaff. CEOBen Collinsstated that the new site would be "very funny" and "very stupid", and citedBlueskyusers who suggested that it would be funny forThe Onionto acquireInfoWars.Global Tetrahedron had offered $1.75 million in cash, plus credit from families of the Sandy Hook shootings who had "agreed to forgo a portion of their recovery to increase the overall value", which it claimed brought its bid close to $7 million. The gun control advocacy groupEverytown for Gun Safetywas to have an "exclusive" advertising deal upon the relaunch. Jones responded to the sale in a live stream onX (formerly Twitter),stating that it was "a distinct honor to be here in defiance of the tyrants", and that "I don't know what's going to happen, but I'm going to be here until they come in there and turn the lights off. I'm going to say, 'where's your court order?'"[110][111]

Hours after Global Tetrahedron's announcement, Jones's lawyers said that the auction had been conducted improperly, and Judge Lopez put a hold on the sale pending a hearing to be held the following week.[112][113][114]Murray also received a $3.5 million cash offer from Jones-affiliated First United American Companies; although its cash value was less, the Global Tetrahedron offer was better for Jones's other creditors because Sandy Hook families would partially forgo payments, but this made the offer difficult to precisely valuate.[113][114]Full terms of the offer were not publicly disclosed.[114]Jones's lawyers said that Murray acted improperly in accepting the offer, saying that the two offers were difficult to directly compare. Additionally, Lopez indicated that he had expected bidders to be able to counterbid, although his September order gave Murray the authority to conduct a sealed-bid auction at Murray's sole discretion.[113]Jones's lawyers said that Murray had scheduled a public bid period but abruptly canceled it after the initial sealed bids had been submitted.[114]

The original website was restored on the morning of November 15 by Jones, who told viewers that Murray had improperly shut it down before the sale was finalized, and posted on X the next day that the sale "never happened".[113][114]On November 18, Jones sued Murray and some Sandy Hook families, accusing them of colluding to arrange the acceptance of a "flagrantly non-compliantFrankensteinbid "and asking the judge to halt the sale.[115]

Content

Promotion of conspiracy theories and fake news

InfoWarsdisseminated multiple conspiracy theories, including false claims against theHPV vaccine[41]and claims the2017 Las Vegas shootingwas part of a conspiracy.[116]In 2015, skepticBrian Dunninglisted it at #4 on a "Top 10 Worst Anti-Science Websites" list.[117]

InfoWarsadvocatedNew World Order conspiracy theories,9/11 conspiracy theories,thechemtrail conspiracy theory,conspiracy theories involvingBill Gates,supposed covert governmentweather controlprograms, claims of rampant domesticfalse flagoperations by the US Government (including 9/11), and the unsupported claim that millions voted illegally in the 2016 US presidential election.[118][119]Jones frequently usedInfoWarsto assert thatmass shootingsare conspiracies or "false flag" operations; these false claims are often subsequently spread by other fake news outlets and on social media.[120][121]This has been characterized asSecond Amendment"fan fiction".[122]

Infowarshas published and promotedfake news,[45]and Jones has been accused ofknowingly misleading people to make money.[123]In the summer of 2015, video editor Josh Owens and reporterJoe Biggstook a video of workers loading cargo in Texas. They claimed the men were drug smugglers; the Drudge Report picked up their headline, andDonald Trumpused it in a campaign speech. Owens admitted years later: "It's not about truth, it's not about accuracy — it's about what's going to make people click on this video...In essence, we lied." (Biggs was later indicted for seditious conspiracy for his role with theProud Boysin theJanuary 6, 2021 attack on the Capitol.)[124]As part of the probe by theFederal Bureau of Investigation(FBI) intoRussian interference in the 2016 United States elections,InfoWarswas investigated to see if it was complicit in the dissemination of fake news stories distributed by Russian bots.[125]

From May 2014 to November 2017,InfoWarsrepublished articles from multiple sources without permission,including over 1,000 from Russian state-sponsored news networkRT,as well as stories from news outlets such asCNN,theBBC,andThe New York TimeswhichSalonsaid were "dwarfed" by those from RT.[126][127]

A 2020 study by researchers fromNortheastern,Harvard,NorthwesternandRutgersuniversities found thatInfoWarswas among the top 5 most shared fake news domains in tweets related to COVID-19, the others beingThe Gateway Pundit,WorldNetDaily,Judicial WatchandNatural News.[35]

Claims of false flag school shootings

InfoWarsregularly claimed, without evidence, that mass shootings were staged "false flag" operations, and accused survivors of such events of being crisis actors employed by theUnited States government.InfoWarshost Alex Jones promoted theSandy Hook Elementary School shooting conspiracy theories,claiming that the massacre of twenty elementary school students and six staff members was "completely fake" and "manufactured," a stance for which Jones was heavily criticized.[42]In March 2018, six families of victims of theSandy Hook Elementary School shooting,as well as an FBI agent who responded to the attack, filed a defamation lawsuit against Jones for his role in spreading conspiracy theories about the shooting.[128]In December 2019,InfoWarsand Jones were ordered to pay $100,000 in legal fees prior to the trial for another defamation lawsuit from a different family whose son was killed in the shooting.[129][130]In a June 2022 agreement, the families agreed to drop their Texas and Connecticut defamation cases against Infowars, Prison Planet TV and IW Health, and in return, those companies would no longer pursue their Texas case for bankruptcy protection. The agreement did not end the separate defamation cases against Alex Jones and Free Speech Systems.[131]

Jones also accusedDavid Hoggand other survivors of theStoneman Douglas High School shootingof beingcrisis actors.[132]

Pizzagate conspiracy theory

InfoWarspromoted fabricatedPizzagateclaims. The fake claims led to harassment of the owner and employees ofComet Ping Pong,a Washington, D.C. pizzeria targeted by the conspiracy theories, including threatening phone calls, online harassment, anddeath threats.The owner sent a letter to Jones in February 2017 demanding a retraction or apology. (Such a letter is required before a party may seekpunitive damagesin an action for libel underTexas law).[133]

After receiving the letter, Jones said, "I want our viewers and listeners to know that we regret any negative impact our commentaries may have had on Mr. Alefantis, Comet Ping Pong, or its employees. We apologize to the extent our commentaries could be construed as negative statements about Mr. Alefantis or Comet Ping Pong, and we hope that anyone else involved in commenting on Pizzagate will do the same thing."InfoWarsalso issued a correction on its website.[134]

InfoWarsreporterOwen Shroyeralso targeted East Side Pies, a group of pizza restaurants in Austin, Texas, with similar fake "Pizzagate" claims. Following the claims, the pizza business was targeted by phone threats, vandalism, and harassment, which the co-owners called "alarming, disappointing, disconcerting and scary".[46]

Chobani retraction

In 2017,InfoWars(along with similar sites) published a fake story about U.S. yogurt manufacturerChobani,with headlines including "Idaho yogurt maker caught importing migrant rapists" and "allegations that Chobani's practice of hiring refugees brought crime and tuberculosis toTwin Falls".Chobani ultimately filed a federal lawsuit against Jones,[135]which led to asettlementon confidential terms in May 2017. Jones offered an apology and retraction, admitting he had made "certain statements" onInfoWars"that I now understand to be wrong".[43][44]

Seth Rich retraction

In 2019,Jerome Corsiand InfoWars apologized and retracted a story promoting conspiracy theories about themurder of Seth Rich.The retraction was published on the front page of InfoWars, where Corsi said that "his allegations were not based upon any independent factual knowledge." Corsi said that he retracted the story because it relied on information thatThe Washington Timeshad retracted, but still thought that investigators should look into whether Seth Rich played a role.[136][137]

Businesses

While Jones stated, "I'm not a business guy, I'm a revolutionary", he spent much ofInfoWars's air time pitching dietary supplements andsurvivalistproducts to his audience. As a private firm,InfoWarsand its affiliatedlimited liability companieswere not required to make public financial statements; as a result, observers could only estimate its revenue and profits.[55]

Prior to 2013, Jones focused on building a "media empire".[56]By 2013, Alex Seitz-Wald ofSalonestimated that Jones was earning as much as $10 million a year between subscriptions, web and radio advertising, and sales of DVDs, T-shirts, and other merchandise.[54]That year, Jones changed his business model to incorporate selling proprietary dietary supplements, including one that promised to "supercharge" cognitive functions.[56]

Unlike most talk radio shows,InfoWarsitself did not directly generate income, as it did not receive syndication fees from its syndicator GCN nor a cut of GCN's advertising, and it did not sell its own advertising time. By 2017, the show had ceased promoting its video service (though it still existed), andInfoWarsdid not make any documentary films after 2012; virtually all of its revenue was being generated by selling Jones's dietary supplements to viewers and listeners through the site's online store.[56]

In 2017, the supplements sold on theInfoWarsstore were primarily sourced from Dr. Edward F. Group III, achiropractorwho founded the Global Healing Center supplement vendor.[56]A significant portion ofInfoWars's products containcolloidal silver,which Jones falsely claimed "kills every virus", including "the wholeSARS-coronafamily "; this claim was disputed by theFood and Drug Administration(FDA).[138]

A lesser source of revenue forInfoWarswas its "money bomb"telethons,which resembledpublic radiofundraisers, exceptInfoWarswas a for-profit institution. According to formerInfoWarsemployees, a money bomb could raise $100,000 in a day.[57]

In 2014, Jones claimed thatInfoWarswas accumulating over $20 million in annual revenue.The New York Timesattributed most of the revenue to sales of supplements, including "Super Male Vitality" and "Brain Force Plus", whichInfoWarspurported would increasetestosteroneand mental agility, respectively.[55]Court documents in 2014 indicate thatInfoWarswas successful enough for Jones and his then-wife to be planning to "build a swimming pool complex... featuring a waterfall and dining cabana with a stone fireplace ". The documents also listed Jones's possessions, including fourRolexwatches, a $40,000 saltwater aquarium, a $70,000 grand piano, $50,000 in weapons, and $70,000 in jewelry.[55]

AfterInfoWarswas banned by Facebook, YouTube, Apple, Spotify, and Pinterest, Jones appealed to viewers, "The enemy wants to cut off our funding to destroy us. If you don't fund us, we'll be shut down."[55]

See also

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