I sắc re(US:/iːˈzɛər/ee-ZAIR,[3][4]French:[izɛʁ];Arpitan:Isera;Occitan:I sắc ra,Occitan pronunciation:[iˈsɛɾa]) is a landlockeddepartmentin the southeastern FrenchregionofAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes.Named after the riverI sắc re,it had a population of 1,271,166 in 2019.[5]ItsprefectureisGrenoble.It bordersRhôneto the northwest,Ainto the north,Savoieto the east,Hautes-Alpesto the south,DrômeandArdècheto the southwest andLoireto the west.
I sắc re
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 Flag  Coat of arms | |
 Location of I sắc re in France | |
| Coordinates:45°20′N05°30′E/ 45.333°N 5.500°E | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |
| Prefecture | Grenoble |
| Subprefectures | La Tour-du-Pin Vienne |
| Government | |
| •President of the Departmental Council | Jean-Pierre Barbier[1](LR) |
| Area | |
• Total | 7,431 km2(2,869 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 846 m (2,776 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 4,088 m (13,412 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 134 m (440 ft) |
| Population (2021)[2] | |
• Total | 1,284,948 |
| • Rank | 15th |
| • Density | 170/km2(450/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1(CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2(CEST) |
| Department number | 38 |
| Arrondissements | 3 |
| Cantons | 29 |
| Communes | 512 |
| ^1French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km2 | |
History
editI sắc re is one of the original 83 departments created during theFrench Revolutionon 4 March 1790. It was established from the main part of theformer provinceofDauphiné.[6]Its area was reduced twice, in 1852 and again in 1967, on both occasions losing territory to the department ofRhône.
In 1852 in response to rapid urban development around the edge ofLyon,the (hitherto I sắc re) communes ofBron,Vaulx-en-Velin,VénissieuxandVilleurbannewere transferred toRhône.[7]In 1967 the redrawing of local government borders led to the creation of theUrban Community of Lyon(more recently known simply as Greater Lyon or Grand Lyon). At that time intercommunal groupings of this nature were not permitted to straddle departmental frontiers, and accordingly 23 more I sắc re communes (along with six communes fromAin) found themselves transferred to Rhône. The affected I sắc re communes wereChaponnay,Chassieu,Communay,Corbas,Décines-Charpieu,Feyzin,Genas,Jonage,Jons,Marennes,Meyzieu,Mions,Pusignan,Saint-Bonnet-de-Mure,Saint-Laurent-de-Mure,Saint-Pierre-de-Chandieu,Saint-Priest,Saint-Symphorien-d'Ozon,Sérézin-du-Rhône,Simandres,Solaize,TernayandToussieu.[8]
Most recently, on 1 April 1971,Colombier-Saugnieuwas transferred to Rhône. Banners appeared in the commune's three little villages at the time proclaimingDauphinoistoujours( "Always Dauphinois" ).
Geography
editI sắc re includes a part of theFrench Alps.The highest point in the department is the subpeak Pic Lory at 4,088 metres (13,412 feet), subsidiary to the 4,102 metres (13,458 feet)Barre des Écrinsin the adjoiningHautes-Alpesdepartment. The summit ofLa Meijeat 3,988 metres (13,084 feet) is also well known. TheVercors Plateauaesthetically dominates the western part of the department.
Principal towns
editThe most populous commune isGrenoble,the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 7 communes with more than 20,000 inhabitants:[5]
| Commune | Population (2019) |
|---|---|
| Grenoble | 158,198 |
| Saint-Martin-d'Hères | 37,935 |
| Échirolles | 36,932 |
| Vienne | 29,993 |
| Bourgoin-Jallieu | 28,834 |
| Fontaine | 23,211 |
| Voiron | 20,372 |
Demographics
editInhabitants of the department are calledIsérois(masculine) andIséroises(feminine).
Population development since 1801:
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Politics
editDepartmental politics
editThe President of the Departmental Council has been Jean-Pierre Barbier ofThe Republicans(LR) since 2015.
Following the2021 departmental election,the Departmental Council of I sắc re (58 seats) was composed as follows:
| Group | Seats | |
|---|---|---|
| • | The Republicansand allies | 26 |
| Socialist Partyand allies | 13 | |
| • | Union of Democrats and Independentsand allies | 5 |
| French Communist Partyand allies | 5 | |
| Europe Ecology – The Greensand allies | 4 | |
| • | Independents | 3 |
| • | La République En Marche! | 2 |
Representation in Paris
editNational Assembly
editIn the2022 legislative election,I sắc re elected the following representatives to theNational Assembly:
In2024,all the Renaissance and Democratic Movement candidates lost their seats: to La France Insoumise in the 1st and 9th constituencies, and to RN-coalition parties in the 8th and 10th. The other representatives were all reelected.[12]
Senate
editIn the2017 Senate election,I sắc re electedDidier Rambaud(La République En Marche!),Guillaume Gontard(miscellaneous left),Frédérique Puissat(The Republicans),Michel Savin(The Republicans) andAndré Vallini(Socialist Party) for the 2017–2023 term.
Culture
edit
TheGrande Chartreuseis the mother abbey of theCarthusianorder. It is located 22 km (14 mi) north of Grenoble.
As early as the 13th century, residents of the north and central parts of I sắc re spoke a dialect of theFranco-Provençal languagecalledDauphinois,while those in the Southern parts spoke theVivaro-Alpinedialect ofOccitan.Both continued to be spoken in rural areas of I sắc re into the 20th century.
Tourism
editI sắc re features manyski resorts,including theAlpe d'Huez,Les Deux Alpes,the1968 Winter Olympicsresorts ofChamrousse,Villard de Lans,Autrans.Other popular resorts includeLes 7 Laux,Méaudre,Saint-Pierre-de-Chartreuse,Alpe du Grand SerreandGresse-en-Vercors.At the department level, I sắc re is the third-largest ski and winter destination in France, afterSavoieandHaute-Savoie.It also hostsCoupe Icare,an annual festival of free flight, such asparaglidingandhang-gliding,held at the world-renowned paragliding site atLumbin.
Grenoble has a dozen museums, including its most famous, established in 1798, theMuseum of Grenoble.TheEuropean Synchrotron Radiation Facility(ESRF), an international research facility in Grenoble, is also open to visitors.
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Ski lift atAlpe d'Huez -
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QueyrasValley -
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Roman stela nicknamed "the pyramid",Vienne -
Temple of Augustus and Livia,Vienne
See also
editReferences
edit- ^"Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux".data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises(in French). 4 May 2022.
- ^"Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2021"(in French).The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies.28 December 2023.
- ^"I sắc re".The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language(5th ed.). HarperCollins.Retrieved22 August2019.
- ^"I sắc re".Merriam-Webster Dictionary.Merriam-Webster.Retrieved22 August2019.
- ^abPopulations légales 2019: 38 I sắc re,INSEE
- ^Frederick Converse Beach; George Edwin Rines (1912).The Americana: a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc., of the world.Scientific American compiling department. p. 741.
- ^Revue du Lyonnais(in French). L. Boitel. 1865. p. 197.
- ^Loi n°67-1205 du 29 décembre 1967 modifiant les limites des départements de l'Ain, de l'I sắc re et du Rhône,Journal officiel de la République françaisen° 0303, 30 December 1967, p. 12980.
- ^"Historique de l'I sắc re".Le SPLAF.
- ^"Évolution et structure de la population en 2016".INSEE.
- ^Nationale, Assemblée."Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français".Assemblée nationale.
- ^Desmas, Margot (7 July 2024)."Résultats définitifs des législatives 2024 en I sắc re: Olivier Véran battu à Grenoble, découvrez le député élu dans votre circonscription".France 3(in French).
External links
edit
- Prefecture website(in French)
- Departmental Council website(in French)
- Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort(1911)..Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 14 (11th ed.). p. 867.