Jōgan

Jōgan(Trinh quan)was aJapanese era name(Niên hiệu,nengō,"year name" )afterTen'anand beforeGangyō.This period spanned the years from April 859 through April 878.^[1]The two reigning emperors wereSeiwa-tennō(Thanh cùng thiên hoàng)andYōzei-tennō(Dương cả ngày hoàng).^[2]

Change of era

February 7, 859Jōgan gannen(Trinh quan nguyên niên):The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced inTen'an3, on the 15th day of the 4th month of 859.^[3]

Events of theJōganera

859(Jōgan 1, 1st month): All New Year's festivities were suspended because of the period of national mourning for the death ofEmperor Montoku.^[4]
864(Jōgan 6, 5th month):Mount Fujierupted during 10 days, and it ejected from its summit an immense quantity of cinders and ash which fell back to earth as far away as the ocean at Edo bay. Many people perished and a great number of homes were destroyed. The volcanic eruption began on the side of Fuji-san closest to Mount Asama, throwing cinders and ash as far away asKai Province.^[5]
869(Jōgan 10): Yōzei was born, and he is named Seiwa's heir in the following year.^[6]
July 9, 869(May 26, Jōgan 11). The869 earthquake and tsunamidevastates a large part of theSanrikucoast nearSendai.^[7]
876(Jōgan 17, 11th month): In the 18th year of Seiwa-tennō's reign ( thanh cùng thiên hoàng 18 năm ), the emperor ceded his throne to his five-year-old son, which means that the young child received the succession (senso). Shortly thereafter, Emperor Yōzei formally acceded to the throne (sokui).^[8]

Notes

^Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Jōgan"inJapan Encyclopedia,p. 429,p. 429, atGoogle Books;n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum,seeDeutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.
^Titsingh, Isaac. (1834).Annales des empereurs du japon,p. 115–121; Brown, Delmeret al.(1979).Gukanshō,pp. 286–288; Varley, H. Paul.Jinnō Shōtōki,pp. 166–17.
^Brown, p. 287.
^Titsingh,p. 116.
^Titsingh,p. 118.
^Titsingh,p. 122.
^Richard A. Clarke; R.P. Eddy (2017).Warnings: Finding Cassandras to stop catastrophe.Harper Collins. p. 77.
^Titsingh,p. 122;Varley, p. 44; a distinct act ofsensois unrecognized prior toEmperor Tenji;and all sovereigns exceptJitō,Yōzei,Go-Toba,andFushimihavesensoandsokuiin the same year until the reign ofEmperor Go-Murakami.

References

Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979).Gukanshō: The Future and the Past.Berkeley: University of California Press.ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0;OCLC 251325323
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005).Japan encyclopedia.Cambridge:Harvard University Press.ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5;OCLC 58053128
Titsingh, Isaac.(1834).Nihon Ōdai Ichiran;ou,Annales des empereurs du Japon.Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.OCLC 5850691
Varley, H. Paul.(1980).A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa.New York:Columbia University Press.ISBN 9780231049405;OCLC 6042764

External links

National Diet Library,"The Japanese Calendar"-- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Preceded by Ten'an	Era ornengō Jōgan 859–877	Succeeded by Gangyō

[1] Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Jōgan"inJapan Encyclopedia,p. 429,p. 429, atGoogle Books;n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum,seeDeutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.

[2] Titsingh, Isaac. (1834).Annales des empereurs du japon,p. 115–121; Brown, Delmeret al.(1979).Gukanshō,pp. 286–288; Varley, H. Paul.Jinnō Shōtōki,pp. 166–17.

[3] Brown, p. 287.

[4] Titsingh,p. 116.

[5] Titsingh,p. 118.

[6] Titsingh,p. 122.

[7] Richard A. Clarke; R.P. Eddy (2017).Warnings: Finding Cassandras to stop catastrophe.Harper Collins. p. 77.

[8] Titsingh,p. 122;Varley, p. 44; a distinct act ofsensois unrecognized prior toEmperor Tenji;and all sovereigns exceptJitō,Yōzei,Go-Toba,andFushimihavesensoandsokuiin the same year until the reign ofEmperor Go-Murakami.

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