Wikipedia

James T. Kirk

"James Kirk" redirects here. For other uses, seeJames Kirk (disambiguation).

James Tiberius Kirk,often known asCaptain Kirk,is a fictional character in theStar Trekmedia franchise. Originally played by Canadian actorWilliam Shatner,Kirk first appeared inStar Trekserving aboard thestarship USSEnterpriseas captain. Kirk leads his crew as they explore new worlds and "boldly gowhere no man has gone before".Often, the characters ofSpockandLeonard "Bones" McCoyact as his logical and emotional sounding boards, respectively. Kirk has also been portrayed in numerous films, books, comics, webisodes, and video games.

James T. Kirk
Star Trekcharacter
William Shatneras Kirk in a publicity photograph forStar Trek: The Original Series
First appearance
Created byGene Roddenberry
Portrayed by
Other:
  • Sandra Smith(1969; Kirk trapped in Dr. Janice Lester's body after she forcibly swaps bodies with him)
  • Jimmy Bennett(2009; child)
In-universe information
Full nameJames Tiberius Kirk
NicknameJim
Title
  • Cadet
  • Ensign
  • Lieutenant
  • Commander
  • Captain
  • Admiral
Position
AffiliationUnited Federation of Planets
Starfleet
Family
  • George Kirk (father)
  • Winona Kirk (mother)
  • George Samuel Kirk (brother)
  • Tiberius Kirk (grandfather)
  • James (maternal grandfather)
  • Aurelan Kirk (sister-in-law)
  • Peter Kirk (nephew)
  • 2 other nephews
ChildrenDavid Marcus
OriginIowa, United States,Earth

Kirk first appears in theStar Trekepisode "The Man Trap",broadcast on September 8, 1966, although the first episode recorded featuring Shatner was"Where No Man Has Gone Before".Shatner continued in the role for the show's three seasons, and he later provided the voice of the animated version of Kirk inStar Trek: The Animated Series(1973–1974). Shatner returned to the role forStar Trek: The Motion Picture(1979) and six subsequent films.

American actorChris Pineportrays a young version of the character in the 2009Star Trekfilm,Star Trek Into Darkness(2013), and inStar Trek Beyond(2016).Paul Wesleyportrays Kirk on theParamount+seriesStar Trek: Strange New Worlds,set prior to Kirk's captaincy of the Enterprise.[1]Other actors have played the character in fan-created media, and the character has been the subject of multiplespoofsand satires.

Biography

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James Tiberius Kirk was born inRiverside, Iowa,on March 22, 2233,[2]where he was raised by his parents, George and Winona Kirk.[3]Although born on Earth, Kirk lived for a time onTarsus IV,where he was one of nine surviving witnesses to the massacre of 4,000 colonists byKodos the Executioner.James Kirk's brother, George Samuel Kirk, is first mentioned in "What Are Little Girls Made Of?"and introduced and killed in"Operation -- Annihilate!",leaving behind three children.[4][5]

Kirk became the first and only student atStarfleet Academyto defeat theKobayashi Marutest, garnering a commendation for original thinking after he reprogrammed the computer to make the "no-win scenario" winnable. Kirk was granted a field commission as an ensign and posted to advanced training aboard the USSRepublic.He was then promoted to lieutenant junior grade and returned to Starfleet Academy as a student instructor.[4]According to a friend, students could either "think or sink" in his class, and Kirk himself was "a stack of books with legs".[6]Upon graduating in the top five percent, Kirk was promoted to lieutenant and served aboard the USSFarragut.[4]While assigned to theFarragut,Kirk commanded his first planetary survey and survived a deadly attack by a bizarre cloud-like creature that killed a large portion of theFarragut's crew,[4]including his commanding officer, Captain Garrovick. Although the surviving Executive Officer disagreed, Kirk blamed himself for years for hesitating to fire his assigned weapons upon seeing the threat until a later encounter with the creature showed that firing immediately with conventional weapons would have been useless anyway.

Publicity photo ofWilliam Shatneras Kirk, alongsideLeonard NimoyasMr. Spock

Kirk becameStarfleet's youngest starship captain after receiving command of theUSSEnterprisefor a five-year mission,[4]three years of which are depicted in the originalStar Trekseries.[7]Kirk's most significant relationships in the television series are with first officerSpockand chief medical officerDr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy.[8]McCoy is someone to whom Kirk unburdens himself and is afoiltoSpock.[9]Robert Jewett andJohn Shelton Lawrence'sThe Myth of the American Superherodescribes Kirk as "a hard-driving leader who pushes himself and his crew beyond human limits".[10]Terry J. Erdman and Paula M. Block, in theirStar Trek 101primer,note that while "cunning, courageous and confident", Kirk also has a "tendency to ignore Starfleet regulations when he feels the end justifies the means"; he is "the quintessential officer, a man among men and a hero for the ages".[11]Although Kirk throughout the series becomes romantically involved with various women, when confronted with a choice between a woman and theEnterprise,"his ship always won".[12]

Roddenberry wrote in a production memo that Kirk is not afraid of being fallible, but rather is afraid of the consequences to his ship and crew should he make an error in judgment.[13]Roddenberry wrote:

[Kirk] has any normal man's insecurities and doubts, but he knows he cannot ever show them—except occasionally in private with ship's surgeon McCoy or in subsequent moments with Mr. Spock whose opinions Kirk has learned to value so highly.[13]

InStar Trek: The Motion Picture,Admiral Kirk is Chief of Starfleet Operations, and he takes command of theEnterprisefrom CaptainWillard Decker.[4]Star TrekcreatorGene Roddenberry's novelization ofThe Motion Picturedepicts Kirk married to a Starfleet officer killed during a transporter accident.[14][15]At the beginning ofStar Trek II: The Wrath of Khan,Kirk takes command of theEnterprisefrom Captain Spock to pursue his enemy from "Space Seed",Khan Noonien Singh.The movie introduces Kirk's former lover Carol and his son,David Marcus.Spock, who notes that "commanding a starship is [Kirk's] first, best destiny", dies at the end ofStar Trek II.InStar Trek III: The Search for Spock,Admiral Kirk leads his surviving officers in a successful mission to rescue Spock from a planet on which he is reborn. Although Kirk is demoted to Captain inStar Trek IV: The Voyage Homefor disobeying Starfleet orders, he also receives command of the newEnterprise,theUSSEnterprise-A(NCC 1701-A).[4]

InStar Trek Generations,Captain Jean-Luc Picardfinds Kirk living in the timeless Nexus, despite the fact that history recorded his death during theEnterprise-B's maiden voyage, Kirk having fallen into the Nexus in the incident that caused his "death". Picard persuades Kirk to return to Picard's present to help stop the villain Soran from destroying Veridian III's sun. Although Kirk initially refuses the offer, he agrees after realizing the Nexus cannot give him the one thing he has always sought: the ability to make a difference. The two leave the Nexus and stop Soran. However, Kirk is mortally wounded; as he dies, Picard assures him that he helped to "make a difference". Picard buries Kirk on the planet, however inStar Trek: Picard's third season(2023), Kirk’s body is revealed to be stored in stasis at the Daystrom Institute bySection 31.[16]

Shatnerverse

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Shatner has since written a series of novels featuring Kirk being brought back to life by aBorg-Romulan alliance to serve as an assassin against Picard, but he is restored to normal and returns to provisional active service in Starfleet, including opposing his Mirror Universe counterpart.

Kelvin Timeline

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Main articles:Star Trek (2009 film),Star Trek Into Darkness,andStar Trek Beyond

In this series,Chris Pineplays Kirk.

The series takes place in an alternate course of events known as the "Kelvin Timeline"[17]that reveal different origins for Kirk, the formation of his association with Spock, and how they came to serve together on theEnterprise.[18][19]WhereasThe Original Seriesportrayed Kirk as having been born in Iowa, theStar Trekfilm portrays him being born on a shuttle escaping the starship USSKelvinin an alternate timeline in which his father is killed when theKelvinis attacked by a Romulan ship from the future.[18]In the film, George and Winona Kirk name their sonJames Tiberiusafter his maternal and paternal grandfathers, respectively.[20]

Although the film treats specific details from Star Trek as mutable, characterizations are meant to "remain the same"[21]though with Kirk being initially portrayed as "a reckless, bar-fighting rebel"[22]but who eventually matures.[23]According to Pine, the character is "a 25-year-old [who acts like a] 15-year-old" and who is "angry at the world",[24]until he enrolls in Starfleet Academy basically after being 'dared' by Captain Christopher Pike.

Kirk and Spock clash at Starfleet Academy, but, over the course of the film, Kirk focuses his "passion and obstinance and the spectrum of emotions" and becomes captain of theEnterprise.[18][24]He is also aided by a meeting with the time-displaced Spock of the original timeline, who inspires Kirk to live up to his full potential after learning about the parallel version of himself and his accomplishments as Captain in the elder Spock's timeline.

Development

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Conception and television

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Shatner portrayed Kirk inStar Trek: The Original Seriesand the first sevenfilms.

Jeffrey Hunterplayed the commanding officer of the USSEnterprise,CaptainChristopher Pike,in the rejectedStar Trektelevision pilot"The Cage".[4]In developing a new pilot episode, called "Where No Man Has Gone Before",series creatorGene Roddenberrychanged the captain's name to "James Kirk" after rejecting other options like Hannibal, Timber, Flagg and Raintree.[25]The episode title may have been inspired by CaptainJames Cook,whose journal entry "ambition leads me... farther than any other man has been before me" inspired the episode title,[26]and became the series catch-phrase in the opening voice-over. The character is in part based onC. S. Forester'sHoratio Hornblowerhero,[27]andNBCwanted the show to emphasize the captain's "rugged individualism".[28]Roddenberry had previously used the middle name of Tiberius for the leading character in his earlier television series,The Lieutenant,which was to feature several actors who would later go on to be part of the production ofStar Trek.

Jack LordwasDesilu Productions' original choice to play Kirk, but his demand for fifty-percent ownership of the show led to him not being hired.[29]The second pilot episode was successful, and "Where No Man Has Gone Before"was broadcast as the third episode ofStar Trekon September 22, 1966.

William Shatner tried to imbue the character with qualities of "awe and wonder" absent from "The Cage".[25]He also drew upon his experiences as aShakespeareanactor to invigorate the character, whose dialogue at times is laden with jargon.[29]Not only did Shatner take inspiration from Roddenberry's suggestion of Hornblower, but also fromAlexander the Great– "the athlete and the intellectual of his time" – whom Shatner had played for an unsold television pilot two years earlier. In addition, the actor based Kirk partly on himself because "the fatigue factor [after weeks of daily filming] is such that you try to be as honest about yourself as possible".[30]A comedy veteran, Shatner suggested making the show's characters as comfortable working in space as they would be at sea, thus having Kirk be a humorous "good-pal-the-captain, who in time of need would snap to and become the warrior".[31]Changing the character to be "a man with very human emotions" also allowed for the development of the Spock character.[25]Shatner wrote that "Kirk was a man who marveled and greatly appreciated the endless surprises presented to him by the universe... He didn't take things for granted and, more than anything else, respected life in every one of its weird weekly adventure forms".[25]

Films

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Shatner did not expectStar Trekto be successful,[32]so when it was cancelled in 1969, he assumed it would be the end of his association with the franchise.[33]FollowingStar Trek'spopularity after its cancelation, Shatner went on to voice Kirk in the animatedStar Trekseries,[7]star in the first sevenStar Trekfilms,[4]and provide voice acting for several games.[34][35]Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khandirectorand writerNicholas Meyer,who had never seen an episode ofStar Trekbefore he was assigned to direct,[36]conceived a "Hornblowerin outer space "atmosphere, unaware that those books had been an influence on the show.[37][38]Meyer also emphasized parallels toSherlock Holmes,in that both characters waste away in the absence of stimuli: new cases for Holmes; starship adventures for Kirk.[39]

Meyer'sThe Wrath of Khanscript focuses on Kirk's age, with McCoy giving him a pair of glasses as a birthday present. The script states that Kirk is 49, but Shatner was unsure about being specific about Kirk's age[39]because he was hesitant to portray a middle-aged version of himself.[40]Shatner changed his mind when producerHarve Bennettconvinced Shatner that he could age gracefully likeSpencer Tracy.[40]Spock's sacrifice at the end of the film allows for Kirk's spiritual rebirth; after commenting earlier that he feels old and worn out, Kirk states in the final scene that he feels "young."[41]Additionally, Spock's self-sacrificing solution to the no-winKobayashi Maruscenario, which Kirk had cheated his way through, forces Kirk to confront death and to grow as a character.[42]

Both Shatner and test audiences were dissatisfied that Kirk was fatally shot in the back in the original ending of the filmStar Trek Generations.[43]An addendum inserted while Shatner'sStar Trek Movie Memoriesmemoirwas being printed expresses his enthusiasm at being called back to film a rewritten ending.[44]Despite the rewrite,Generationsco-writerRonald D. Mooresaid that Kirk's death, which was intended to "resonate throughout the Star Trek franchise",[45]failed to "pay off the themes [of death and mortality] in the way we wanted".[46]Malcolm McDowell,whose character kills Kirk, was dissatisfied with both versions of Kirk's death: he believed Kirk should have been killed "in a big way".[47]McDowell claims to have received death threats afterGenerationswas released.[48]

Franchise "reboot"

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Chris Pinehas portrayed an alternate reality version of Kirk in threeStar Trekfilms since 2009.

InStar Trek(2009),screenwritersAlex KurtzmanandRoberto Orcifocused their story on Kirk and Spock in the movie's alternative timeline while attempting to preserve key character traits from the previous depictions.[49]Kurtzman said casting someone whose portrayal of Kirk would show that the character "is being honored and protected" was "tricky", but that the "spirit of Kirk is very much alive and well" in Pine's depiction.[50]Due to his belief that he could not take himself seriously as a leader, Pine recalled having difficulty with his audition, which required him "to bark'Trekjargon' ", but his charisma impresseddirectorJ. J. Abrams.[51]Pine's chemistry withZachary Quinto,playing Spock, led Abrams to offer Pine the role.[51]Jimmy Bennettplayed Kirk in scenes depicting the character's childhood.[52]The writers turned to material from the novelBest Destinyfor inspiration as to Kirk's childhood.[53]

In preparing to play Kirk, Pine decided to embrace the character's key traits – "charming, funny, leader of men" – rather than try to fit the "predigested image" of Shatner's portrayal.[54]Pine specifically did not try to mirror Shatner's cadence, believing that doing so would become "an impersonation".[55]Pine said he wanted his portrayal of Kirk to most resembleHarrison Ford'sIndiana JonesorHan Solocharacters, highlighting their humor and "accidental hero" traits.[56]

A misunderstanding arose during the film's production about the possibility of Shatner making acameo appearance.[22]According to Abrams, the production team considered ways to resurrect Shatner's deceased Kirk character, but could not devise a way that was not "lame".[22]However, Abrams believed Shatner misinterpreted language about trying to get "him" into the movie as a reference to Shatner, and not his character. Shatner released aYouTubevideo expressing disappointment at not being approached for a cameo.[22]Although Shatner questioned the wisdom of not including him in the film, he predicted the movie would be "wonderful"[57]and that he was "kidding" about Abrams not offering him a cameo.[58]

Star Trek: Strange New Worlds

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Paul Wesleyhas portrayed Kirk inStar Trek: Strange New Worldssince 2022

Kirk also appears inStar Trek: Strange New Worlds,which is set six years before the events ofthe original series.He first appears in the final episode of Season 1, portrayed byPaul Wesley,and appeared as a recurring guest in Season 2. In this series, theEnterprisehas another captain, Kirk's predecessorChristopher Pike,who first appeared in "The Cage".

Reception

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According to Shatner, earlyStar Trekreviewers described his performance as "wooden", with most of the show's acting praise and media interest going to Nimoy.[33]However, Shatner's mannerisms when portraying Kirk have become "instantly recognizable"[54]and Shatner won aSaturn Award for Best Actorin 1982 forThe Wrath of Khan.[59]Star Trek IIdirectorNicholas Meyersaid Shatner "gives the best performance of his life" inThe Wrath of Khan.[60]The Guardiancalled Pine's performance of Kirk an "unqualified success",[61]andThe Boston Globesaid Pine is "a fine, brash boy Kirk".[62]Slate,which called Pine "a jewel", described his performance as "channel[ing]" Shatner without being an impersonation.[63]

Slatedescribed Shatner's depiction of Kirk as an "expansive, randy, faintly ridiculous, and yet supremely capable leader of men,Falstaffianin his love of life and largeness of spirit ".[63]The Myth of the American Superherorefers to Kirk as a "superhuman redeemer" who "like a truesuperhero... regularly escapes after risking battle with monsters or enemy spaceships ".[10][64]Although some episodes question Kirk's position as a hero,Star Trek"never left the viewer in doubt for long".[65]Others have commented that Kirk's exaggerated "strength, intelligence, charm, and adventurousness" make him unrealistic.[66]Kirk is described as able to find ways "through unanticipated problems to reach [his] goals" and his leadership style is most "appropriate in a tight, geographically identical team with a culture of strong leadership."[67]Although Roddenberry conceived the character as being "in a very real sense... 'married'" to theEnterprise,[68]Kirk has been noted for "his sexual exploits with gorgeous females of every size, shape and type";[12]he has been called "promiscuous"[69]and labeled a "womanizer".[70][71]The Last LectureauthorRandy Pauschbelieved he became a better teacher, colleague, and husband because he watched Kirk run theEnterprise;Pausch wrote that "for ambitious boys with a scientific bent, there could be no greater role model than James T. Kirk".[72]David A. Goodmancommented that Kirk "has as much reality as possible for a fictional character."[73]

In 2012,IGNranked the character Captain Kirk, as depicted in the original series, films, and the new Kirk in 2009 filmStar Trek,as the number one top character of theStar Trekuniverse.[74]In 2016, Kirk was ranked as the #1 most important character ofStarfleetwithin theStar Trekscience fiction universe byWiredmagazine, out of 100 characters of the franchise.[75]

In 2018,CBRranked Kirk the bestStarfleetcharacter ofStar Trek,including later television series.[76]

In July 2019,Screen Rantranked Kirk the 8th smartest character ofStar Trek.[77]

Cultural impact

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The plaque markingRiverside, Iowa,self-proclaimed as Captain Kirk's "future birthplace"

In 1985,Riverside, Iowapetitioned Roddenberry andParamount Picturesfor permission to "adopt" Kirk as their town's "Future Son".[78]Shatner and Roddenberry approved the proposal.[79]Paramount wanted $40,000 for a license to reproduce abustof Kirk, but the city instead set a plaque and built a replica of theEnterprise(named the "USSRiverside"), and the Riverside Area Community Club holds an annual" Trek Fest "in anticipation of Kirk's birthday.[80]

Kirk has been the subject of a wide range of television spoofs that aired in many countries, includingThe Carol Burnett ShowandKI.KA'sBernd das Brot.John Belushi's impression of Kirk forSaturday Night Live,which he described as his favorite role,[81][82]was "dead-on".[83]Jim Carreyhas been praised for his satire of the character in a 1992 episode ofIn Living Color.[84][85]ComedianKevin Pollakis well known for his impressions of Shatner as Kirk.[86]

Kirk's memorable scream of "Khan!" in the 1982 movieStar Trek II: The Wrath of Khanhas become a pop culture icon in its own right, spawning internet memes and is widely parodied and paid tribute to.[87]

Kirk has been referenced in the lyrics of manypop songs.Early examples include the 1979 song "Where's Captain Kirk?"bySpizzenergi,the 1982 rap song "Tough"byKurtis Blow,and 1983's "99 Luftballons"byNena(both German and English versions).[88][89]More recently, in the 2003 remix of 1998’s "That Don't Impress Me Much",Shania Twainputs forth Captain Kirk as one of the unattainable ideals to whom her unappealingly haughty suitor apparently thinks himself equal.

Kirk has been merchandised in a variety of ways, including collectible busts,[90]action figures,[91]mugs,[92]t-shirts,[92]andChristmas treeornaments.[93]A Kirk Halloween mask was altered and used as the mask worn by the characterMichael Myersin theHalloweenfilm franchise.[94]In 2002, Kirk's captain's chair from the originalStar Trekwas auctioned for $304,000.[95]

In a 2010Space Foundationsurvey, Kirk tied with cosmonautYuri Gagarinas the No. 6 most popular space hero.[96]

Captain Kirk has also been portrayed in feline form. First, anthropomorphically, in two episodes of the 1975FilmationSaturday morning animated children’s seriesThe Secret Lives of Waldo Kitty.The cartoon is based around the title character’s fantasies about being various heroic felines based on popular culture icons. Later came scientific illustratorJenny Parks' 2017 bookStar Trek Cats,in which Kirk is depicted as an orangetabby cat.[97][98]

TheKirk crateronPluto's moon,Charon,is named after the character.[99]

Fan productions

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In addition to television, feature films, books, and parodies, Kirk has also been portrayed innon-canonfan fiction.

Star Trek: New Voyages

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TheStar Trek: New Voyagesfan production,known from 2008 until 2015 asStar Trek: Phase II,portrays the further voyages of the originalEnterprisecrew. The series' creators feel that "Kirk, Spock, McCoy and the rest should be treated as 'classic' characters likeWilly LomanfromDeath of a Salesman,GandalffromThe Lord of the Ringsor evenHamlet,OthelloorRomeo.Many actors have and can play the roles, each offering a different interpretation of said character. "[100]

James Cawleyplayed Kirk in most of the ten episodePhase IIseries from its beginning in 2004 before replacing himself with actor Brian Gross.Wiredobserves that while Cawley's depiction "lacks Shatner's vulnerability", the actor has enough swagger "to be passable in the role".[101]Cawley's portrayal was well-known enough at Paramount that a group ofStar Trek: Enterprisewriters called for Cawley's attention at a science fiction convention by shouting "Hey, Kirk!" at him while Shatner sat nearby.[101]

Star Trek Continues

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First produced in 2013, the 11 episode seriesStar Trek Continuesalso looked to chronicle the "lost seasons" ofStar Trek: The Original Series.The series developer and producer is anime voice actorVic Mignogna,who also plays the role of Kirk. Rounding out the core cast is fellow voice actorTodd Haberkornas Spock,Chris Doohan(son of the original Scotty actorJames Doohan) as Scotty, and as McCoy first author-producerLarry Nemecek,followed by voice actorChuck Huber.It also co-starredGrant Imahara(MythBusters) as Sulu.

The first episode, "Pilgrim of Eternity"(withMichael Forestreprising his role as Apollo from the original series episode "Who Mourns for Adonais?") was released in 2013. The second episode,"Lolani"(featuring guest starLou Ferrigno), was released in February 2014, and a third episode, "Fairest of Them All"was released in June 2014 and won aBurbank International Film Festivalaward for "Best New Media – Drama".[102][103][104]Star Trek Continuesalso won a Geekie Award for "Best Web Series".[105]On June 19, 2015, Episode 4 of the series was posted and titled "White Iris". All eleven full episodes have been released as of December, 2017.

Legacy

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In October 2021, Kirk's actor fromThe Original SeriesWilliam Shatnerflew to spaceaboard aBlue Originsub-orbital capsule. At age 90, he became the oldest person to fly to space and one of the first 600 to do so.[106][107]

References

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