Wikipedia

Japan National Stadium

This article is about the newly rebuilt stadium. For the now demolished stadium, seeNational Stadium (Tokyo).

TheJapan National Stadium,officially theNational Stadium(Quốc lập đấu trường,Kokuritsu Kyōgijō),[2][3][4][5][6]alternatively“Olympic Stadium”(オリンピックスタジアム,Orinpikku Sutajiamu,during2020 Summer OlympicsandParalympics),[7][8]and a.k.a. formerly“New National Stadium”(Tân quốc lập đấu trường,Shin Kokuritsu Kyōgijō)is amulti-purpose stadiumused mostly forassociation footballinKasumigaoka,Shinjuku,Tokyo,Japan. The facility served as the main stadium for the opening and closing ceremonies, as well as the venue fortrack and fieldathletics events at the2020 Summer Olympicsand2020 Summer Paralympicsin 2021.

Japan National Stadium
Quốc lập đấu trường
Map
Full nameJapan National Stadium
Location10-2, Kasumigaoka-machi,Shinjuku,Tokyo, Japan
Coordinates35°40′41.5″N139°42′52.5″E/ 35.678194°N 139.714583°E/35.678194; 139.714583
Public transitE25Kokuritsu-Kyōgijō
East Japan Railway CompanyJB12Sendagaya
OwnerJapan Sport Council
Capacity68,000 (track and field)
68,698 (football)[1]
80,016 (football and rugby union, maximum with temporary seats over running track)
Field size107 × 71 m
SurfaceGrass
Construction
Broke ground11 December 2016;7 years ago(2016-12-11)
BuiltDecember 2016 – 30 November 2019
Opened21 December 2019;4 years ago(2019-12-21)
Construction costUS$1.4 billion (¥157 billion)
ArchitectKengo Kuma
Tenants
Japan national rugby union team
Japan national football team
The rugby game ClassicMeiji UniversityversusWaseda Universityat 56thAll-Japan University Rugby Championship- final
Outside and inside the stadium, 2022
A scene from the2020 Summer Olympics opening ceremonyat the Olympic Stadium, withdronesflying around and creating the official logo of the Games

Demolition of theold National Stadiumwas completed in May 2015, allowing for the construction of the new stadium to begin on 11 December 2016.

The original plans for the new stadium were scrapped in July 2015 byJapanese prime ministerShinzo Abe,who announced a rebid after a public outcry prompted by increased building costs. As a result, the new design was not ready for the2019 Rugby World Cup,as originally intended.[9]A new design created by architectKengo Kumawas chosen in December 2015 to replace the original design, which was completed on 30 November 2019.[10]

History

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After Tokyo submittedtheir bidfor the2020 Summer Olympics,there was talk of possibly renovating or reconstructing the National Olympic Stadium. The stadium would host the opening and closing ceremonies as well as track and field events.[11]

In February 2012, it was confirmed that the stadium would be demolished and reconstructed, and receive a £1 billion upgrade. In November 2012, renderings of the new national stadium were revealed, based on a design by architectZaha Hadid.The stadium was demolished in 2015 and the new one was originally scheduled to be completed in March 2019.[12]The new stadium will be the venue forathletics,rugby,somefootballgames, and the opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympics and Paralympics.[13]

The Japanese government announced several changes to Hadid's design in May 2015, citing budget constraints, including cancelling plans to build aretractable roofand converting some permanent seating to temporary seating.[14]The site area was also reduced from 71 acres (290,000 m2) to 52 acres (210,000 m2). Several prominent Japanese architects, includingToyo ItoandFumihiko Maki,criticized Hadid's design, with Ito comparing it to a turtle and Maki calling it awhite elephant;others criticized the stadium's encroachment on the outer gardens of theMeiji Shrine.Arata Isozaki,on the other hand, commented that he was "shocked to see that the dynamism present in the original had gone" in the redesign of Hadid's original plan.[15]

The roof of the new stadium was particularly problematic from an engineering perspective, as it required the construction of two steel arches 370 metres (1,210 ft) long. Even after design changes, the stadium was estimated to cost over 300 billion yen, more than three times the cost of theLondon Olympic Stadiumand more than five times the cost of theBeijing Olympic Stadium.[16]

The Japanese government reached an agreement in June 2015 withTaisei CorporationandTakenaka Corporationto complete the stadium for a total cost of around 250 billion yen. The new plan maintained the steel arch design while reducing the permanent capacity of the stadium to 65,000 in track mode with an additional 15,000 simple temporary seats available, allowing for an 80,000 capacity for football and the2019 Rugby World Cup.[17][18]

However, on 17 July 2015,Prime Minister of JapanShinzō Abeannounced that plans to build the new National Stadium would be scrapped and rebid upon amid public discontent over the stadium's building costs. As a result, Abe said that a replacement venue would have to be selected for the Rugby World Cup, as the new stadium would not be ready until the 2020 Olympics.[9]

As of 28 August 2015, the Japanese Government released new standards for the National Stadium's reconstruction. The fixed capacity would be 68,000 and be expandable to 80,000 through the use of temporary seats over the athletics track. The government also abandoned the retractable roof; instead a permanent roof will be constructed over the spectator seating only.

And also, a sports museum and sky walkway that were part of the scrapped design were eliminated, while VIP lounges and seats were reduced, along with reduced underground parking facilities. These reductions result in a site of 198,500 square meters, 13% less than originally planned. Air conditioning for the stadium was also abandoned upon request of Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe, and when asked about the abandonment Minister for the OlympicsToshiaki Endostated that, "Air conditioners are installed in only two stadiums around the world, and they can only cool temperatures by 2 or 3°C".[19]

Concern over indoor temperatures has also been raised, since, forcost reduction,Tokyo's New National Stadium was built without anair conditioner,and the roof was constructed over the spectator seating only.[20]

The government slated a decision on contractors and a design by December 2015, with construction to begin at its latest in December 2016.[19]Designers partnered with contractors to submit a design alongside construction cost and timing estimates. It has been revealed that the athletics track will be a permanent feature not to be demolished for the additional 12,000 seats for any future World Cup bid.[21]As of 18 September 2015, two contractors submitted bids for the process: theTaisei Corporationworking with architectKengo Kuma,and a consortium of several major Japanese contractors including the Takenaka, Shimizu, and Obayashi corporations working with architectToyo Ito.Former winning architectZaha Hadidwas unable to find a (Japanese) contractor willing to work with her design, and was therefore forced to abandon efforts to resubmit her revised design in the new competition.[22]

On 21 December 2015, the Japan Sport Council announced that Kuma and the Taisei Corporation had been selected to design and construct the National Olympic Stadium.[23]The stadium began construction in December 2016, and was set to conclude on 30 November 2019 when the stadium would be handed over to theInternational Olympic Committee (IOC)for necessary games and ceremony preparations, including test events. The new design would hold 68,089 in athletics mode with the ability to construct temporary seating over the permanent track to create an increased capacity of 80,016.[24]Capacity during the Olympic Games will be 60,102 taking into account press and executive seating areas. This capacity is further lessened for the Paralympics to 57,750 to add more handicap accessible seating. However, all events were heldbehind closed doors,so no spectators were allowed.[citation needed]

The inauguration took place on 21 December 2019 with a special ceremony.[25] The stadium's inaugural sporting event, the2019 Emperor's Cup final,took place on 1 January 2020.[26]Vissel Kobewon their first ever trophy.[citation needed]

In October 2021, the Government of Japan decided to keep the athletics track and scrap the initial plan of removing it for an increased capacity for football and rugby matches, which was originally set in 2017. Additionally, it was announced that the stadium is currently bidding for hosting the2025 World Athletics Championships.[27]The 2025 Athletics Championship will be the first major spectator event for athletics at the stadium.[citation needed]

As part of celebration of the 30th anniversary of J. League, the stadium announced to hold two J1 League matches in May 2023. Home team FC Tokyo won 2–1 against the 10-men Kawasaki Frontale on 12 May. Kashima Antler will face Nagoya Grampus two days later.

Concerts

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International football matches

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Date Competition Team1 Result Team2 Attendance
6 June 2022 Friendly Japan 0–1 Brazil 63,638
24 March 2023 Friendly Japan 1–1 Uruguay 61,855
1 January 2024 Friendly Japan 5–0 Thailand 61,916
21 March 2024 World Cup qualifier Japan 1–0 North Korea 59,354

Description

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The stadium is unusual in that timber is used as a major component of the structure, all of it sourced from Japan in order to reduce environmental impact. Many of the wooden elements are in modular form, which can be replaced when the timber deteriorates. Thecertified woodhas been sourced from all 47prefectures of Japanfollowing a tradition started by theMeiji Shrine.The design of theeaveswas inspired by theHōryū-jiand incorporates air spaces which make best use of the prevailing wind conditions to ventilate the interior space. Part of the roof incorporates transparentsolar panelsand rain water is collected in underground cisterns and is used to irrigate the arena turf as well as the numerous plants on the top storey promenade.Accessibilityhas been a major concern, resulting in more than 450 places for wheelchair users, as well as toilets using the latest technology.[28]

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Construction

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  • November 2016
    Empty space of the stadium before construction
  • May 2017
  • July 2017
  • September 2017
  • November 2017
  • January 2018
  • March 2018
  • August 2018
  • October 2018
  • January 2019
  • March 2019
  • May 2019
  • September 2019
  • December 2019
  • December 2019
  • December 2019
  • December 2019

References

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  1. ^"FIFA Women's World Cup 2023: Bid Evaluation Report"(PDF).FIFA. 10 June 2020. pp. 177–178.Retrieved7 June2023.
  2. ^"Olympic Stadium".Tokyo 2020 Olympics.Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games.Archived fromthe originalon 30 July 2021.Retrieved21 March2020.
  3. ^"Quốc lập đấu trường giống nhau の toàn さまへ sơ めて の お công bố mục イベント khai thúc giục の お biết らせ “Quốc lập đấu trường オープニングイベント ～HELLO, OUR STADIUM～” Nhật Bản を đại biểu するアスリートやアーティストなどと một tự に đấu trường hoàn thành を chúc う 1 ngày hạn り の スペシャルイベント! "(PDF)(Press release) (in Japanese). Japan Sport Council. 3 July 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 31 July 2019.Retrieved3 July2019.
  4. ^"Japan National Stadium, Main Venue of 2020 Games, Completed".nippon.30 November 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 30 July 2021.Retrieved21 March2020.
  5. ^"Olympics: National Stadium launched ahead of 2020 Tokyo Games".Kyodo News.30 November 2019.Retrieved21 March2020.
  6. ^"New National Stadium declared finished nearly eight months ahead of Tokyo Olympics".The Japan Times.30 November 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 4 December 2019.Retrieved1 December2019.
  7. ^"オリンピックスタジアム｜ cạnh kỹ hội trường chờ ｜ đại hội tình báo ｜ Đông Kinh 2020 đại hội khai thúc giục chuẩn bị ｜ Đông Kinh đều オリンピック・パラリンピック chuẩn bị cục".2020games.metro.tokyo.lg.jp.Archivedfrom the original on 20 December 2021.Retrieved20 December2021.
  8. ^"オリンピックスタジアム ( tân quốc lập đấu trường ) ｜ Đông Kinh オリンピック2020 hội trường: Mặt trời mới mọc tin tức デジタル".Mặt trời mới mọc tin tức デジタル(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on 20 December 2021.Retrieved20 December2021.
  9. ^abHimmer, Alastair (17 July 2015)."Japan rips up 2020 Olympic stadium plans to start anew".news.yahoo.AFP.Archivedfrom the original on 21 July 2015.Retrieved17 July2015.
  10. ^"New National Stadium declared finished nearly eight months ahead of Tokyo Olympics".japantimes.co.jp. 30 November 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 4 December 2019.Retrieved1 December2019.
  11. ^"Tokyo 2020 Bid Venue Could Be Renovated".GamesBids.21 September 2011. Archived fromthe originalon 3 February 2014.
  12. ^"Dazzling re-design for 2019 World Cup final venue".ESPNscrum.Archivedfrom the original on 23 March 2015.Retrieved3 January2017.
  13. ^"Venue Plan".Tokyo 2020 Bid Committee. Archived fromthe originalon 27 July 2013.Retrieved8 July2013.
  14. ^"Japan plans to scale back stadium for 2020 Tokyo Olympics".AP. 18 May 2015.Archivedfrom the original on 10 June 2015.Retrieved10 June2015.
  15. ^Qin, Amy (4 January 2015)."National Pride at a Steep Price: Olympic Stadium in Tokyo Is Dogged by Controversy".The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on 10 June 2015.Retrieved10 June2015.
  16. ^"Tân quốc lập, bách る khế ước kỳ hạn quốc とゼネコン の điều chỉnh khó hàng phòng căn の thật lớn アーチ, trảm tân ゆえ “Khó công sự” ".Nihon Keizai Shimbun.22 June 2015.Archivedfrom the original on 21 June 2015.Retrieved22 June2015.
  17. ^"Tân quốc lập, chỉnh đốn và sắp đặt phí 2500 trăm triệu yên 従 tới デザイン duy trì で quyết".Nihon Keizai Shimbun.24 June 2015.Archivedfrom the original on 26 June 2015.Retrieved27 June2015.
  18. ^"Quốc lập đấu trường tương lai tư tưởng có thức giả hội nghị".Nhật Bản スポーツ chấn hưng センター.Archivedfrom the original on 26 December 2015.Retrieved11 July2015.
  19. ^ab"The Japan News".The Japan News. Archived fromthe originalon 26 September 2015.
  20. ^"【 tân quốc lập đấu trường 】 lãnh phòng lấy りやめ, mưu cầu danh lợi chứng は đại trượng phu? Tổng công phí １５５０ trăm triệu yên lúc trước の quan khách số ６ vạn ８０００ người".Sản kinh ニュース(in Japanese). 28 August 2015.Archivedfrom the original on 23 October 2019.Retrieved23 October2019.
  21. ^"Nhập trát ・ công mộ tình báo | điều đạt tình báo | JAPAN SPORT COUNCIL".jpnsport.go.jp.Japan Sport Council.Archivedfrom the original on 19 September 2018.Retrieved3 January2017.(in Japanese)
  22. ^NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation) (18 September 2015)."2 groups enter bids to build Tokyo Olympic Stadium".nhk.or.jp.NHK World News. Archived fromthe originalon 26 September 2015.Retrieved26 September2015.
  23. ^"Thẩm tra chờ の kết quả".jpnsport.go.jp.Archivedfrom the original on 7 August 2020.Retrieved30 July2021.
  24. ^"Kỹ thuật đề án chờ thẩm tra ủy ban".jpnsport.go.jp.Archivedfrom the original on 26 June 2021.Retrieved30 July2021.
  25. ^Bernardi, Kevin (21 December 2019)."Tokyo 2020: Inauguration officielle du Stade Olympique".Sport & Société - Kévin Bernardi.Archivedfrom the original on 9 July 2021.Retrieved5 July2021.
  26. ^"Emperor's Cup final to be first event at new National Stadium in 2020".The Japan Times.11 October 2018.Archivedfrom the original on 25 April 2019.Retrieved4 May2019.
  27. ^"Japan gov't to keep National Stadium as hybrid athletics-football venue".Kyodo News.Tokyo.28 October 2021.Archivedfrom the original on 5 March 2022.Retrieved5 March2022.
  28. ^"Designing the National Stadium, making use of wood and natural breezes".u-tokyo.ac.jp.University of Tokyo. March 2020.Archivedfrom the original on 23 July 2021.Retrieved24 July2021.
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Preceded by Summer Olympics
Opening and closing ceremonies venue (Olympic Stadium)
2020 		Succeeded by
River SeineandJardins du Trocadéro(opening ceremony)
Stade de France(closing ceremony)
Paris
Preceded by Summer Olympics
Athletics competitions
Main venue
2020 		Succeeded by
Stade de France
Saint-Denis,Paris
Preceded by
Estádio Olímpico João Havelange
Rio de Janeiro
 Summer Paralympics
Athletics competitions
Main venue
2020 		Succeeded by
Stade de France
Saint-Denis, Paris
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